倾斜布管采控天然冷量的青藏铁路路基温度场演变规律

Aiming at the stabilization of Qinghai-Tibetan Railway embankment during its construction and run, the method using tilt pipes to keep the permafrost embankment stabilization is put forward in the paper. By gathering natural cold energy in the winter and release it in the summer the tilt pipes can keep the permafrost embankment stabilizing. The temperature fields of the embankment and the stratums below are studied according to the condition of pipes diameter 250mm, length 7. 0m and tilt angle 30°,45°, 60° until the railway working for 20 years. It is shown that the embankment field using tilt pipes will eliminate the thawing core and come into subzero temperature phase ahead of 9 years compared with the original model. Different tilt angles have different efforts on the embankment and stratums, synthesis analysis of thermal income and expenses of the embankment and stratums should be carried out     

保温材料在青藏铁路路基工程中应用的数值分析

In many cases, preventing permafrost from further thaw due to human activities might be the first choice for embankment design in permafrost regions. 2-D finite element analysis was conducted in this paper, in which phase change was taken into consideration to simulate the thermal regime of the Qinghai-Tibetan Railway with Expandable Polystyrene (EPS). Based on the predicted maximum thaw depth in the following 50 year, the best position for insulation was presented and the relationship between the thickness of insulation and the height of embankment was analyzed. Besides, the applicable range of insulation in embankment engineering of the Qinghai-Tibetan Railway in terms of Mean Annual Air Temperature (MAAT) was suggested and the influence of geothermal field of permafrost on the applicable range of the insulation was discussed.     

青藏铁路通风路基边界条件研究

In permafrost regions, many methods about active cooling embankment are put forward, one of these representations is ventilated embankment, its cooling effect is the result of the air convection in the duct, and this leads to reducing the annual average ground temperature. The present work in this article is to determine the boundary conditions of the ventilated embankment and natural ground in numerical work. There are several effects which influence boundary conditions, they are: radiation, evaporation,phase change, convection and embankment material etc. Radiation and convection are the main effects in those. We mainly consider sun radiation in this article. The added-surface effect in ventilated embankment lowers its temperature, so the temperature on the wall of the ventilated embankment is different from the temperature in atmosphere. There are two methods in determining the surface temperature, experimental method and experiential method. Detailed research is discussed in the article.     

青藏铁路可调式通风管路基的数值仿真分析

Finite Element Method has been used to operate the numerical analysis and comparison between the traditional ventilated embankment and the adjustable ventilated embankment adopted in Qinghai-Tibet Railway construction. The numerical results show that: 1) The adjustable ventilated embankments can prevent the thermal entry from air into ducts during summer from thawing the permafrost beneath the embankments; 2) The cooling effects of the adjustable ventilated embankments on permafrost is much better than the traditional ventilated embankments although two kinds of embankments can generate the thawing bulbs at the beginning of finishing construction; 3) The drop of the mean temperature of permafrost under the adjustable ventilated embankments keeps faster than that of the mean temperature of permafrost under the traditional ventilated embankments. It is clear that the adjustable ventilated embankments can keep the embankment more stable than the traditional ventilated embankments.     

冻土地区三角形块石路基与水平块石路基的保冷效果研究

Time varying temperatures and pore-air velocities in two gravel embankments, horizontal and triangular gravel embankments, are studied using the "Rock-Block model" and the results are visualized in the form of isotherms and velocity vectors for different times of the year. Simulation results show that for both the two embankments there is a counter-clockwise rotation of pore-air extending throughout most of the embankment during winter months, whereas in summer the pore-air rotation changes to the opposite. The pore-air velocities in the triangle gravel embankment are somewhat higher than those obtained from the horizontal gravel embankment. The stronger convection in winter enhances the upward transport of heat out of the triangle gravel embankment, thus having more apparent cooling effect than the horizontal gravel embankment. During summer months, the pore-air velocities are nearly the same for both the two embankments. The results of the present study show that though the two gravel embankments have the effect of cooling the permafrost beneath, the temperature fields in the triangle gravel embankment are a little lower and more stable compared with those gotten from the horizontal gravel embankment, showing that the triangle gravel embankment has more apparent cooling effect than the horizontal one.     

多年冻土地区砂砾路面路堤临界高度数值分析

In permafrost regions of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, the critical embankment height must be considered in the process of the construction of highway, especially for the global climatic warming. In this paper, the two-dimensional numerical analysis for the critical embankment height (for gravel road surface and coarse-grained soil) has been performed by using thefinite element method. In the calculation, we think that the service life of the construction is at least 50 years. The mean annual air temperatures applied to the calculation model are -6.5 ℃, -6.0 ℃, -5.5 ℃, -5.0 ℃, -4.5 ℃ and -4.0 ℃, respectively, and the value of temperature rise are taken as 1.10℃ in the coming 50 years. The minimum embankment heights derived from the analysis are 0.85 m, 0.92 m, 1.01 m, 1.18 m, 1.60 m and 2.66 m for the different mean annual air temperatures and the maximum embankment heights are 7.68 m,7.55 m, 7.34 m, 7.00 m, 6.45 m and 5.85m, accordingly. On condition that the service life of embankment is 50 years, the critical value of the mean annual air temperature is -3.5 ℃. Namely, in the areas where the mean annual air temperature is higher than -3.5 ℃, the critical embankment height does not exist.     

保护多年冻土路基中存在的问题和对策

Ways of strengthening railway embankment basis on ice-rich permafrost are characterized by regulating cooling and warming factors for preservation of the basis in constantly frozen condition (with the help of snow removal, painting, sun-precipitation shed, cross-section cooling pipes, the film cover,and the longitudinal cooling device) or removing icy masses preventively from the basis and filling the cavities simultaneously with not subsiding soils (with use of jet geotechnology). Skilled-experimental development are shined on the basis of new ways of strengthening embankment basis on ice-rich frozen soils.     

Long-term thermal stability study of the typical embankment along the Qinghai-Tibet Railway in warm permafrost regions北大核心CSCD

Using the long-term ground temperature monitoring data of the permafrost zone along the Qinghai-Tibet Railway from 2006 to 2020,three types of typical roadbed structures were analyzed. Traditional embankment（TE）,U-shaped crushed rock embankment（UCRE）and crushed rock revetment embankment（CRRE）were included the three types of typical roadbed,which were selected to the long-term monitoring sections within the warm permafrost zones. The evolution of ground temperature field,mean annual ground temperature （MAGT）and annual maximum ground temperature（AMGT）in the depth range of 20 m under the embankment were analyzed and studied since 15 years of operation. The monitoring and analysis results show that：the growth rate of MAGT under the left and right shoulders of the TE is always higher than that of the same depth in the natural site. The MAGT under the UCRE is always lower than the natural site and always maintains a certain difference,whereas,the difference in ground temperature under the left and right shoulders is also not negligible. The MAGT of the left shoulder in the CRRE is not much different from that of the natural hole,while the MAGT of the right shoulder is always lower than that of the natural hole,and the differ in ground temperature between the left and right shoulders is smaller than that of the UCRE. The artificial permafrost table（APT）under the TE is always lower than that of in the natural site. Both the UCRE and CRRE,the APT in the left and right shoulders of them has been elevated into the embankment,and the differ of APT between the left and right shoulders is about 1. 0~1. 5 m. the differ of APT between the left and right shoulders in the CRRE is slightly lower than that of UCRE. Overall,because of the influence of thermal disturbance about engineering and climate warming,the TE in the warm permafrost zones cannot keep the thermal stability of permafrost under the embankment. Some active-cooling and reinforcement measures need to be taken. Both of the UCRE and CRRE,have a certain active-cooling effect on the permafrost under embankment,but the differ in ground temperature between the left and right shoulders still needs to be taken seriously. © 2022 Science Press (China).     

青藏铁路冻土路基沉降变形现场试验研究

Based on the field data of ground temperature and roadway settlement observed during the construction of the experimental embankments over permafrost along the Qinghai-Tibetan Railway, this paper discusses the differences of frost process on the roadway surface from that on the natural ground surface, the changes of permafrost table under the roadway embankment, and the peculiarities of roadway settlement. Analyses of the test results show : 1) The differences of the freezing indexes between the roadway surfaces and the natural ground surfaces are less than those of the thawing indexes for all the test sections; 2) Since the measures of permafrost protection were taken, the permafrost tables under the embankments have raised after the roadway was constructed. The minimum is about 0.4 m and the maximum is 1.2 m; 3) the settlements of the roadway are mainly from the compression and creep of the icerich frozen soils under the original permafrost tables and the maximum has reached 6 ～ 8 cm during the first year after the embankments were constructed. Moreover, concerning the processes of roadway settlement, the deformation of the embankments has no obvious trend of attenuation at present. Especially,for the roadway with high embankments, the settlement may reach a remarkable value and much consideration must be given for this problem.     

多年冻土地区铁路路堤北坡和南坡热状况差异分析

Based on the observational data at Beiluhe test site of Qinghai-Tibetan Railway, the difference of thermal state between south faced and north faced slope was analyzed. The results indicated that the mean annual ground temperature at the depth of 0. 5m on south faced slope was higher than that on north faced slope by over 3 ℃. The higher temperature on south faced slope was greatly attributed to the high temperature during winter time. This kind of difference in thermal state may result in asymmetric thermal regime in embankment as well as in underlying soil. As a result, the unevenly transverse deformation may appear.     

青藏铁路冻土路基变形监测与分析

基于现场监测资料,对作为青藏铁路中的主要保护冻土的几种路基形式（如：通风管路基、块石路基、块石护坡路基、保温材料路基和普通素土路基）进行了变形和温度分析,发现所有路基的变形均以沉降变形为主,且其变形与其下伏冻土的地温场变化密切相关。经过2～3个冻融周期后,通风管路基、块石路基、块石护坡路基和保温材料路基的变形已趋于稳定,而无任何措施的普通路基目前变形仍未稳定。另外,各种路基左右路肩均存在变形差。基于以上分析可得到一个启示：在高温、高含冰量冻土地区,由于路基下多年冻土温度升高产生的高温冻土压缩变形而引起的路基沉降变形具有相当大的量级,很有可能成为冻土路基发生破坏的一个重要原因,工程实践中应给予足够的重视。     

山区公路拓宽路基与衡重式挡土墙动态相互作用的数值模拟

针对山区公路路基拓宽改建的特殊性,运用非线性有限元法,开展衡重式挡土墙修建、新路基逐层分步填筑的动态施工力学行为数值模拟。针对新路基是否加筋、加筋层位以及衡重台上下方新路基填土压实状况的差异性,对新旧路基稳定安全性、滑动面形态、沉降、挡土墙变位等力学响应的影响开展参数敏感性分析。结合室内模拟墙体不同主动位移模式下拓宽路基土工离心模型试验成果,考察新旧路基顶面沉降与挡土墙变位的动态耦合关系。在山区公路路基拓宽改建动态施工中,挡土墙的变位和新旧路基顶面沉降、差异沉降相互耦合,呈正相关关系。衡重台下方新路基填土压实不足会导致新旧路基顶面差异沉降增大。挡土墙主动外倾诱发新旧路基顶面产生较大附加（差异）沉降,宜对新路基自重压密作用造成的差异沉降予以适当修正放大后进行上承路面结构设计。     

落石冲击下预应力加筋土路堤变形及荷载传递机制

针对偏远山区素填土公路在落石冲击下易产生大面积凹陷破坏的问题,提出运用预应力加筋土路堤解决的方法。为了探究预应力加筋土路堤在落石冲击下的变形性能、力学响应规律和荷载传递机制,设计并实施了落石冲击作用下预应力加筋土路堤和素填土路堤对比模型试验。试验发现：预应力加筋土路堤中形成的凹坑尺寸明显小于素填土路堤,体现了预应力加筋土路堤良好的抗冲击变形性能;随着冲击次数的增加,路堤刚度逐渐增加,导致路堤内部冲击附加应力时程曲线逐渐由“抛物线型单峰”转变为“双峰”分布,且预应力加筋土路堤工况中“双峰”的出现早于素填土路堤;落石在预应力加筋土路堤中的冲击力持续作用时间小于其在素填土路堤中的持续作用时间,且分布更趋均匀,更有利于冲击荷载的扩散;随着冲击次数的增加,预应力加筋土路堤内部冲击力传递率呈先增加后减小的变化趋势,与筋材变形规律一致。结合Levenberg-Marquardt优化算法得到了关于凹坑尺寸和冲击次数的预测方法,可为预应力加筋土路堤在崩塌灾害多发地区的工程应用提供借鉴,为工程预警提供参考。     

青藏高原清水河多年冻土区铁路路基沉降变形特征研究

通过埋设在青藏铁路路基中两个断面内的6条沉降观测管3 a来的地基沉降变形资料,研究了高原多年冻土区铁路路基的沉降变形特征,分析了填筑铁路路基对下伏多年冻土融化变形的影响。研究表明,由于受到填筑路基时赋存在路基填料内的热量的影响,铁路路基下伏多年冻土上限在施工初期会有一个明显的下移沉降,铁路路基也随之有一个较大幅度的工后下沉变动,随着时间的推移,路基下降速率会逐渐下降,但在短时间内不会停止下来,而且由于太阳辐射和路基边坡形状的影响,路基向阳面与背阴面的变形有较大的差别,且在近南北向展布的路基上表现最为明显。     

不同压实度铁路路堤边坡地震响应振动台试验研究

为研究和对比不同压实度铁路路堤边坡的地震响应,设计了路堤本体压实度分别为95%、91%、87%和83%的4组路堤边坡模型,开展了不同压实度路堤边坡的振动台试验研究。通过穿插进行白噪声激励得到不同压实度路堤边坡的动力特性参数;通过施加不同类型和不同强度的地震动激励,研究不同压实度路堤边坡加速度放大倍数分布规律及其影响因素。结果表明,随着地震动激励次数的增多,路堤边坡自振频率下降,阻尼比增大,压实度对路堤边坡动力特性变化影响显著;加速度放大倍数沿路堤边坡高度呈非线性增大,加速度放大倍数随地震动激励强度增大而减小;台面输入的地震波经路堤边坡传播后,其频谱特性发生了明显的变化,不同压实度路堤边坡对地震波频谱特性的影响不同;不同地震动激励下不同压实度路堤边坡的加速度放大倍数分布情况有所差异,这与地震动频谱特性和路堤边坡动力特性参数有关     

软基地段斜坡高填路堤施工数值模拟

基于地质目标计算机辅助设计软件GOCAD,建立了郴宁高速公路某软土地基斜坡高填路堤的FLAC3D模型,并应用FLAC3D软件对该路堤的分层填筑作数值模拟,分析了路堤在填筑体重力作用下的变形规律及其稳定性.得出如下结论:地形地貌对路堤位移影响较大;随着路堤填筑高度的增加,路堤沉降逐渐增大,最大沉降约位于填筑体内部填筑高度...     

青藏铁路片石护坡路堤温度特性分析

通过对青藏铁路清水河段片石护坡路堤和普通路堤实体工程进行的地温监测,对比分析了两种路堤体内及基底的温度特性,分析结果表明采用片石护坡措施的路堤,与普通路堤相比,降温效果好,负积温量值大,最大融化深度抬升幅度也较大,因此,片石护坡能够有效发挥降低地温、保护多年冻土的作用。     

青藏高原公路路基周边风场特征风洞实验研究

路基高度是影响冻土路基工程热力稳定性的一个重要指标。同时,不同高度的路基对其周边风场的扰动也将不同,进而影响到局地的地-气能量交换过程。为揭示不同高度路基对其周边风场特征的影响规律及程度,基于风洞实验,研究了3种环境风速条件下青藏高原典型高度公路路基周边风场分布特征,并进行了量化分区。结果表明：路基坡前为流场减速区,不同高度情况下路基坡前减速区水平范围差异显著。10 m·s^-1环境风速条件下,3、4和5 m高路基坡前减速区水平范围约为1.8、2.2和2.5倍路基高度（H）。在路基坡前减速区0.3~1.1 m高度范围内,随环境风速增加,同一水平高度流场在靠近路基过程中风速的变化率呈下降趋势。路基上部为流场加速区,路肩处风速增长幅度与路基高度呈正相关。路基坡后为低速回流区,路基高度越大,低速回流区水平范围越大,10 m·s^-1环境风速条件下,3、4和5 m高度路基坡后低速回流区水平范围分别约为2.0H、3.0H和4.1H。低速回流区后,流场逐渐恢复到初始运动状态,其消散恢复区水平范围与环境风速密切相关,但与路基高度关系不显著,10 m·s^-1环境风速条件下,3、4和5 m高度路基坡后消散恢复区水平范围均约为9.8H。通过考虑路基高度对其周边风场分布的影响,可为块石、通风管、热管等冻土路基结构的设计和布局优化提供参考。     

列车荷载作用下冻土路基中的动应力计算研究

冻土路基在列车荷载作用下的动力响应是一个复杂的热、力相互作用过程,又是一个急需解决的实际工程难题. 应用冻土物理学、冻土力学、传热学等基本理论建立冻土路基的动力分析模型,以青藏铁路某普通路基典型断面为例,对冻土路基在列车荷载作用下的动力响应进行了数值模拟,并系统的分析了路基内动应力、位移、加速度等动力响应特点. 结果表明：普通路基修筑后,在路基及其下部地基中将会产生大片力学性质不稳定的高温冻土层;在列车荷载作用下,路基内土体产生竖向加速度,随着深度增加,加速度波动范围减小,路基顶面中心点加速度波动范围比路基底面中心点大一个量级. 路基竖向位移由道砟中心向内部呈圆弧状逐渐减小,整个分布关于路基中线对称;在不同季节的路基上施加列车荷载时,路基顶面的动应力差异不大,但路基底面的动应力差异达7.5 kPa. 不同季节的路基内动应力随深度的衰减曲线不同,路基表面以下2 m和大于15 m的深度范围内,差异较小;2~15 m的范围内,差异较大.     

短芯劲芯水泥土桩承载路堤失稳破坏模型试验

在劲芯水泥土桩承载路堤的工程应用中,芯桩比外桩短的情况比较普遍。但是,人们对短芯劲芯水泥土桩承载路堤的桩体破坏模式和失稳破坏机理的认识较为欠缺,无法合理评价路堤的稳定性。鉴于此,本文通过室内模型试验,开展短芯劲芯水泥土桩承载路堤失稳破坏模式研究。通过监测芯桩导电通路变化、芯桩桩身应变和桩土竖向应力,并结合PIV技术,综合分析桩体渐进式破坏模式和路堤整体失稳规律。研究结果表明,在路堤顶面下,荷载主要由芯桩承担,并随着超载增加,芯桩外桩荷载分担作用减小,但路堤失稳后芯桩仍具有一定荷载分担作用。在路堤失稳破坏过程中,路堤下桩体表现出受压破坏且芯桩底部局部鼓胀破坏,坡面下桩体表现出压弯和拉弯破坏模式,地基滑动面并不完全穿过桩体破坏位置。