受损结构余度评估的半概率方法

本文给出了一种结构系统余度的度量定义，基于结构系统机构化失效概念和相当可靠性指数。本文提出了对受损结构安全评做的半概率方法。所示算例表明了本方法的有效性。     

Semi-Probabilistic Evaluation of System Redundancy for Existing Offshore Structures

In this paper, a new definition of structure system redundancy is proposed in view of the various measures for structure redundancy. By introducing the terms of structure system failure at the mechanism level and equivalent reliability index, the safety for existing offshore platforms can be evaluated by the semi-probabilistic method presented in this paper. Some numerical examples are given and satisfactory results have been obtained.     

Redundancy Measure and Its Application to the Design and Maintenance of Marine Structures

This paper is a survey of the state-of-the-art knowledge in structural redundancy measure andits application.The existing deterministic and probabilistic measures of structural redundancy are summa-rized.Emphasis is given to the discussion of their advantages and limitations.The application of damagetolerance concept in the design and maintenance of marine structures is also reviewed.Some most criticalproblems in structural redundancy are proposed for future research.     

A Method for Analyzing System Reliability of Existing Jacket Platforms

Owing to the ageing of the existing structures worldwide and the lack of codes for the continued safely management of structures during their lifetime, it is very necessary to develop a tool to evaluate their system reliability over a time interval. In this paper, a method is proposed to analyze system reliability of existing jacket platforms. The influences of dint, crack and corrosion are considered. The mechanics characteristics of the existing jacket platforms to extreme loads are analyzed by use of the nonlinear mechanical analysis. The nonlinear interaction of pile-soil-structure is taken into consideration in the analysis. By use of FEM method and Monte Carlo simulation, the system reliability of the existing jacket platforul can be obtained. The method has been illustrated through application to BZ28-1 three jacket platforms which have operated for sixteen years. Advantages of the proposed method for analyzing the system reliability of the existing jacket platform is also highlighted.     

A novel concept for a satellite-based maritime search and rescue system

Search and rescue (SAR) for both airborne and maritime vehicles has been an area of intense investigation for many years. Current techniques include employment of small distress transmitters which provide signals that have only a limited interception capability. This can considerably increase the search time and reduce its effectiveness. With the increased availability-existing and planned-of both synchronous and nonsynchronous satellites, SAR investigations are being directed toward the application of satellites. The present paper introduces the concept of satellite-based maritime search and rescue system (SAMSARS). This is a proposed pseudonoise (PN) wide-band spread spectrum system that would operate at low power levels and coexist with operational communication satellite systems (voice or data) without mutual interference. The use of existing operational satellite spectrum, instead of a dedicated distress channel or special satellites, is a major feature of SAMSARS. Other important aspects are its capability of providing unique identification and distress information in minutes following activation of the distress transmitter and its inherent immunity to false alarms. SAMSARS can also provide position location directly when three satellites are mutually visible or indirectly, by taking advantage of a vessel's on-board derived navigation data. This paper presents concept elements such as message structure, transmitter and receiver block diagrams, and unique features of SAMSARS. The paper also presents an operational example, including sample link power budgets, and finally specifies areas for further investigation.     

Adaptive State Estimation for a System With Unknown Input and Measurement Bias

An adaptive state estimator for passive underwater tracking of maneuvering targets is developed. The state estimator is designed specifically for a system containing independent unknown or randomly switching input and measurement biases. In modeling the stochastic system, it is assumed that the bias sequence dynamics for both input and measurement can be modeled by a semi-Markov process. By incorporating the semi-Markovian concept into a Bayesian estimation technique, an estimator consisting of a bank of parallel adaptively weighted Kalman filters has been developed. Despite the large and randomly varying biases, the proposed estimator provides an accurate estimate of the system states.     

海洋测绘学科体系研究(一):总论

海洋测绘学是一门研究海洋地理空间信息获取、处理、表达、管理和应用的综合性学科.介绍了海洋测绘学科发展概貌与内涵特点,梳理分析了当前测绘学科分类现状与存在问题,设计构建了海洋测绘学科体系架构,阐述了海洋测绘学科专业构成、概念定义与研究重点,为海洋测绘学科建设发展研究提供基础知识与理论参考.     

Designing a Dependable and Fault-Tolerant Semiautonomous Distributed Control Data Collection Network With Opportunistic Hierarchy

This paper presents the satellite-linked data acquisition and photogrammetry (SLiDAP) network, designed to conduct shore-based, close-range 3-D imaging in remote areas. The lack of communications and power infrastructure and ability to service the system requires periodic, synchronous operations of multiple semiautonomous elements with a high degree of reliability. The SLiDAP system uses an opportunistic network architecture based on four distinct levels of control, to accommodate unpredictable operational constraints and failures. The synchronization of periodic tasks in a distributed control and remotely operable network are highlighted, and measures to increase the reliability of system operations are discussed, including hardware redundancy, intelligent watchdog timer, software error tolerance, self-repair, and remote update capability. The characteristics of the SLiDAP system within the concept of autonomic computing are discussed.     

海岛生态脆弱性研究综述与展望

海岛资源的可持续发展研究是海洋开发与管理的重要课题。为优化配置海岛资源,促进海岛开发利用和生态环境保护的协调发展,文章对国内外海岛生态脆弱性研究的概念化过程、研究框架和评价方法进行综述,并在此基础上提出研究展望。研究结果表明:脆弱性的概念已由单一维度的自然系统或社会系统向2个维度的社会-生态交互系统拓展,海岛生态脆弱性的概念化过程具有同样的演进轨迹,但尚未清晰地揭示2个维度之间的多因素耦合关系;目前海岛生态脆弱性的研究框架多是已有脆弱性研究框架的延伸和拓展,尚未出现专门的研究框架;已有的生态脆弱性评价方法主要包括综合指数法、函数模型法、图层叠置法、情景分析法和系统动力学等,但缺乏适用于评价海岛生态脆弱性时空动态特征的方法;针对上述不足,未来海岛生态脆弱性研究应着重统一基本概念并构建专门的研究框架,在理清海岛生态脆弱性动态变化机制的基础上,完善评价指标体系和评价方法,并加强管理调控研究。     

海图出版质量检测系统的设计与实现

从目前海图出版的实际出发,分析了数字环境下海图生产质量控制需要解决的具体问题,以用户为最终目标设计,阐述了海图出版质量检测系统的总体结构和实现的技术思路。     

Investigation of Performance of Turret Assembly in Inboard Turret Mooring System

To fulfil the need of development of offshore oil floating production system, the performance of turret assembly in an inboard turret mooring system has been investigated in the paper. By means of systematic evaluation, the optimal structure of the turret for single-point mooring systems has been determined. Through model tests of a turret mooring system, several groups of data such as forces, moments and displacements under different environmental conditions have been obtained. Stresses and strains of the turret structure have been calculated by means of the finite element method corresponding to the situation in the model experiment. The study shows that the selected turret structure and the designed turret assembly are technically feasible.     

The research on the remote sensing''s information tree model of the Nansha coral islets and reef''s spatial structure

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SOA理念在“数字海洋”数据体系构建中的应用

通过对 908-03 "数字海洋"信息基础框架构建项目中节点数据现状的描述,结合项目建设的具体目标,指出使用 SOA ( Service Oriented Architecture ) 的理念来整合数字海洋中分布、异构、海量海洋数据的技术路线是数据体系建设的必由之路.在对 SOA理念进行详细论述的基础上,给出了可应用于"数字海洋"数据体系构建的面向服务的数据体系模型.     

Simplified-robust geotechnical design of soldier pile–anchor tieback shoring system for deep excavation

The shoring system that consists of soldier piles and anchor tiebacks is often used in deep excavations in sandy deposits. However, uncertainties often exist in the design of such shoring systems. In this article, a simplified-robust geotechnical design method is proposed to account for these uncertainties in the shoring system design. Specifically, for a given deep excavation, uncertain soil parameters and surcharges are treated as noise factors, and the parameters of soldier piles and tieback anchors are treated as design parameters. Robust design is then implemented as a multiobjective optimization problem, in which the design robustness is sought along with cost efficiency and safety requirements. A trade-off between design robustness and cost efficiency exists and the optimization usually leads to a Pareto front. By applying the knee point concept, the most preferred design that meets the safety requirements and yields the best compromise between design robustness and cost efficiency can be identified on the Pareto front. Improvements made to the existing robust geotechnical design method include an efficient formulation of the design robustness and a new procedure for finding the most preferred design in the design pool. The new simplified-robust geotechnical design method is illustrated with a real-world excavation case study.     

SIMPLIFIED PROOF AND EXTENSION OF INTEGRAL PROPERTIES OF GRAVITY WAVES OF FINITE AMPLITUDE

By means of a rather simple and direct method, this paper deduces the relations between the kinetic energy of waves and the horizontial momentum, and between different kinds of energies of waves, thus greatly simplifying the corresponding processes of deduction given by Starr and others. Furthermore, several important integral properties of two-dimensional, irrotational, periodic and permanent waves, which are generalized to the case with uniform current existing, the concept of wave excess is established, and some important integral properties of wave excess are deduced.     

A new method for platform design based on parametric technology

A new method for platform design, named parametric platform design method (PPDM), is presented in this paper in order to improve the mobile platform design efficiency. In this method, an integrated parametric system that fully considers the characteristics of the platform is developed, which significantly optimizes the design process with the top–bottom design concept. In the parametric system, the main geometric dimensions are taken as parameters, while the topology between the structure members, the function requirements and the safety requirements are converted into geometric constraints. By geometric constraint solving (GCS), a set of parameters that satisfy all the given constraints are determined, and then the design scheme is obtained by several core algorithms, such as parametric tank subdivision, 3D stability calculation, parametric structure design, FEM preprocessing, etc. The parametric method greatly increases the changeability and the reusability of the platform model, and concurrent design is well supported. As the model is driven by parameters, PPDM is an excellent method for optimization design. As a result, PPDM has incomparable advantages on the design efficiency over traditional methods.     

浅谈海洋经济调查模式的实践与探索

文章在系统梳理国内外经济普查与调查制度的基础上,结合实际参与全国第一次海洋经济调查工作的具体情况,深入分析了现行海洋经济调查方案中存在的问题,针对涉海单位清查的底册冗余度较大、调查数据质量控制的方式有待强化、海洋经济调查组织实施的有效性及部分产业数据界限不清等问题开展了思考和分析,并从组织实施模式、涉海名录库管理、数据质量控制等环节,为管理部门优化海洋经济数据采集和分析的方式方法提出了优化海洋经济调查的组织实施模式、建立健全涉海名录库筛选和管理系统、强化和完善数据成果的质量控制方式等针对性的对策建议。     

承船厢吊耳的局部应力分析研究

承船厢是升船机系统中的一个重要结构物,该结构物中的关键结构吊耳是否有足够的强度,应力分布是否合理将直接影响升船机系统工作的可靠性。在对吊耳进行光弹性试验基础上,对吊耳的光弹性模型进行有限元分析,通过结果的分析比较,确定承船厢吊耳的局部结构的计算可靠程度     

人地复合生态系统韧性研究进展及其对海岸带生态系统韧性研究的启示

在全球气候变化与人类高强度开发的双重影响下,人地复合生态系统和受陆海系统交互影响的海岸带地区生态脆弱性更加明显。如何有效把握人地复合生态系统发展动向,合理规划与调控社会经济活动、促进人地关系协调发展一直是可持续发展领域研究的重点课题。韧性作为系统的内在特征,在防范化解灾害风险、维护区域生态安全中发挥着重要作用,是人地复合生态系统可持续发展能力的重要表现。然而,目前关于人地复合生态系统韧性的内涵、评估方法等方面尚未形成统一的范式,韧性的量化评估方法存在较大差异。通过梳理和归纳现有研究成果认为,韧性经历了从工程韧性、生态韧性到演进韧性的转变,其概念及内涵仍在不断拓展与深化;总结对比了基于过程形成性和状态总结性的韧性评估方法发现,将韧性作为过程与结果的综合评估研究仍较为缺乏;在抵抗扰动、维持稳定和协调发展的韧性理念下,生态系统的保护与修复等将是区域可持续发展应用中人地复合生态系统安全的重要保障。根据人地复合生态系统韧性研究进展的分析结果,结合海岸带生态系统韧性研究的现状及不足,认为未来需要在加强海岸带生态系统韧性内涵挖掘、完善海岸带生态系统韧性评价体系、提高海岸带生态系统韧性监测精度、促进学...     

Fractal Dimension and Fractals in Ocean Engineering

- This paper discusses the application of fractal dimension and fractals in ocean engineering. To handle some ocean environment problems, the existing fractal method, in which the fractal dimension is a constant, can be used. For some complicated problems in ocean engineering, this paper presents the concept of the variable dimension fractals (D = f(r)), i. e., the fractal dimension D is the function of characteristic scale r instead of a constant. By using variable dimension fractals, several deformation and stress states of offshore structures are described.