蓄滞洪区利用与减灾研究

考察了蓄滞洪区管理的复杂性,分析了分洪对蓄滞洪区土地利用的制约作用,讨论了洪灾损失影响因素及估算方法。提出了蓄滞洪区减灾研究的框架和基本内容。介绍了一个应用水文模型、水力学模型和优化模型进行土地利用和减灾研究的实例。     

Monitoring Flood Extent and Forecasting Excess Runoff Risk with RADARSAT-1 Data

Earth observation from active microwave satellites such as RADARSAT-1 is an excellent tool to monitor and forecast floods. Two complementary approaches are described in this paper: (a) real time or near-real time monitoring of flood extent and (b) mapping of hydrological properties of drainage basins. Since it can penetrate through clouds, which usually occur during precipitation periods, and due to the fact that it can be programmed with different incidence angles, RADARSAT-1 enables frequent coverage over specific areas of interest. It has been used successfully to monitor a major flood of the Red River in Manitoba in 1997, by providing frequent coverage of the flood during its progression and decrease. Resulting data and images have been useful in planning the emergency measures and in assessing flood damage. RADARSAT has also the ability to characterize hydrological properties of watersheds. It has been used in agricultural catchments in Europe for mapping soil surface roughness, which affects runoff coefficients, concentration time and resistance to erosion processes. Used to complement optical data, RADARSAT has provided information on the status of land use and soil protective cover in drainage basins. This information can then be translated into parameters and coefficients that hydrological models can use for runoff and flood forecasting     

聊城市雨洪水资源利用情况调查研究

聊城市地处资源性重度缺水区,随着社会经济的不断发展和城镇建设规模的不断扩大,水资源供求矛盾更加突出.本文依据聊城市近期水资源利用等有关资料,对聊城市水资源供需现状进行了规划预测,阐述了雨洪水资源化的重要意义及蓄水工程和雨洪水利用现状,分析了雨洪水利用上存在的问题,提出了拦蓄雨洪水的措施,对雨洪水资源利用中的几个问题进行了探讨.     

土地利用规划的实施管理研究

土地规划实施管理的研究是新一轮土地利用规划的亮点,该文通过对规划实施存在问题及实施难的原因分析,对比国内外的土地利用规划,借鉴国外土地利用规划实施管理的理论与实践,最后对我国土地利用规划实施保障措施提出对策建议。在土地利用规划实施管理保障框图的基础上,该文特别就借鉴外国土地规划的理论与实践、基层地方的作用、公众参与和经济措施4个方面提出相关建议。     

慈溪市土地质量调查和应用研究

通过慈溪市基本农田质量调查试点项目的开展,以农用地自然田斑(块)为基本单元而进行的土地质量调查和评价、评估,可以为国土资源特别是基本农田的数量、质量和生态管护并重的精细化管理提供技术支撑。     

广西澄碧河水库汛期洪水分期及其汛限水位浮动控制运用研究

本文根据水库洪水分期方法和汛限水位浮动控制理论对广西澄碧河水库进行洪水分期和汛限水位浮动控制研究，结果在不降低大坝防洪标准前提下对水库防洪调度方案进行优化，即水库汛期4～8月份以原汛限水位迎洪．9月份开始可在1．80m范围内上浮汛限水位。最后，对采用该方法可能存在的风险因素与风险程度进行探讨。     

长江中下游环境地质问题及对防洪工程的影响

今夏,长江继1954年后再次发生全流域特大洪灾。根据对长江中下游的水土流失、江湖淤积、地面沉降等环境地质所作的分析,日益严重的环境地质问题是洪灾加剧的重要原因,并对防洪工程产生不利影响。     

兰郑长输油管道甘肃段地质灾害成因分析及其治理措施

兰郑长输油管道甘肃段沿线地质环境复杂多样,地质灾害发育。本文对在管道沿线地质灾害的发育、发生进行内在影响因素和外在诱发因素分析同时,提出了对管道沿线地质灾害的治理的措施。     

Risk Assessment,Emergency Preparedness and Response to Hazards: The Case of the 1997 Red River Valley Flood,Canada

The prevention and/or mitigation offlood disasters requires continual research, numerouscapital investment decisions, and high-qualitymaintenance and modifications of flood-controlstructures. In addition, institutional and privatepreparedness is needed. The experience offlood-control in North America has shown mixedoutcomes: while flood frequency has declined duringthe last few decades, the economic losses havecontinued to rise. Recent catastrophic floods havealso been linked to major structural interventions inthe region. The flood diversions may cause harmfuleffects upon the floodplain inhabitants by influencingflood levels in areas which are not normallyflood-prone. The increasing vulnerability of thefloodplain inhabitants poses new challenges and raisesquestions concerning the existing risk assessmentmethods, institutional preparedness and responses todisaster-related public emergencies, and local-levelpublic involvement in flood mitigation efforts.In the context of the catastrophic 1997 floods of theRed River Valley, Manitoba, Canada, this researchfocuses on two aspects of flood-related emergencygovernance and management: (i) the functions andeffectiveness of control structures, and (ii) theroles, responsibilities and effectiveness oflegislative and other operational measures. The studyconcludes that the flood-loss mitigation measures,both in terms of effects of control structures andinstitutional interventions for emergency evacuation,were not fully effective for ensuring the well-beingand satisfaction of floodplain inhabitants. Althoughorganizational preparedness and mobilization to copewith the 1997 flood emergency was considerable, theirsuccess during the onset of the flood event waslimited. Lack of communication and understandingbetween institutions, a reluctance to implementup-to-date regulations, and minimal publicparticipation in the emergency decision-making processall contributed to the difficulties experienced byfloodplain inhabitants.