Numerical Simulation of Solitary Wave Forces on A Vertical Cylinder on A Slope Beach

Wave forces acting on a vertical cylinder at different locations on a slope beach in the near-shore region are investigated considering solitary waves as incoming waves. Based on the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations and the k-ε turbulence model, wave forces due to the interaction between the solitary wave and cylinder are simulated and analyzed with different incident wave heights and cylinder locations. The numerical results are first compared with previous theoretical and experimental results to validate the model accuracy. Then, the wave forces and characteristics around the cylinder are studied, including the velocity field, wave surface elevation and pressure. The effects of relative wave height, Keulegan-Carpenter(KC) number and cylinder locations on the wave forces are also discussed. The results show that the wave forces exerted on a cylinder exponentially increase with the increasing incident wave height and KC number. Before the wave force peaks, the growth rate of the wave force shows an increasing trend as the cylinder moves onshore. The cylinder location has a notable effect on the wave force on the cylinder in the near-shore region. As the cylinder moves onshore, the wave force on the cylinder initially increases and then decreases. For the cases considered here, the maximum wave force appears when the cylinder is located one cylinder diameter below the still-water shoreline. Furthermore, the fluid velocity peaks when the maximum wave force appears at the same location.     

Numerical Study of the High-Frequency Wave Loads and Ringing Response of A Bottom-Hinged Vertical Cylinder in Focused Waves

This paper presents a numerical study on the high-frequency wave loads and ringing response of offshore wind turbine foundations exposed to moderately steep transient water waves. Input wave groups are generated by the technique of frequency-focusing, and the numerical simulation of focused waves is based on the NewWave model and a Fourier time-stepping procedure. The proposed model is validated by comparison with the published laboratory data. In respect of both the wave elevations and the underlying water particle kinematics, the numerical results are in excellent agreement with the experimental data. Furthermore, the local evolution of power spectra and the transfer of energy into higher frequencies can be clearly identified. Then the generalized FNV theory and Rainey's model are applied respectively to calculate the nonlinear wave loads on a bottom-hinged vertical cylinder in focused waves.Resonant ringing response excited by the nonlinear high-frequency wave loads is found in the numerical simulation when frequency ratios(natural frequency of the structure to peak frequency of wave spectra) are equal to 3–5.Dynamic amplification factor of ringing response is also investigated for different dynamic properties(natural frequency and damping ratio) of the structure.     

Numerical Study of Submerged Vertical Plane Jets Under Progressive Water Surface Waves

When wastewater is discharged into a coastal area through an ouffall system, it will always be subjected to the action of waves. It is important to study and quantify the mixing of the discharge with the ambient water so that accurate environmental impact assessment can be made for such discharge conditions. The present work aims to study the phenomenon of a plane jet discharged into water environment with regular waves. A 3D numerical model based on the full Navier- Stokes equations （NSE） in the a-coordinate is developed to study the present problem. Turbulence effects are modeled by a subgrid-scale （SGS） model using the concept of large eddy simulation （LES）. The operator splitting method is used to solve the modified NSE. The model has been applied to the simulation of three different eases of submerged plane jets with surface waves： jet with strong waves, jet with weak waves and jet without waves. Numerical results show that the waves enhance the mixing of the jet with the ambient fluid, and cause a periodic deflection of the jet. The size of the recirculation is about 1.5- 2.4 h （water depth） . The velocity profile of the jet is serf-similar in the zone of established flow for both the pure jet and jet in wave circumstances. The spreading characteristic constant a is 0. 100 and 0. 105 for pure momentum jets with Re numbers 1025 and 2050. The value of a increases from 0. 130 to 0. 147 for a jet in weak and strong wave circumstances, showing that waves have an obvious effect on the mixing and dilution properties of jets. Numerical results are in good agreement with the experimental data for the cases of pure jets and jets with waves.     

A Numerical Study on the Asymmetric Water Entry of A Wedge Section

The effect of the asymmetric water entry over a submerged part of a ship on the hydredynamic impact is investigated numerically. A wedge hotly is considered and the problem is assumed to be two-dimensional. The results of symmetric and asymmetric impacts are compared. The effect is found significant in the numerical simulation. The maximum hydrodynamic pressure at a heel angle of 10 degrees becomes about 95% more than that of the symmetric entry. The result of the present work proves the importance of asymmetrical hydrodynamic impact loading for structural design of a ship. Besides, the numerical procedure is not limited to a wedge type cross section and it is possible to apply it for any real geometry of ships and high-speed craft.     

Analytical Study on Wave Diffraction from a Vertical Circular Cylinder in Front of Orthogonal Vertical Walls

In this paper, the principle of mirror image is used to transform the problem of wave diffraction from a circular cylinder in front of orthogonal vertical walls into the problem of diffraction of four symmetric incident waves from four symmetrically arranged circular cylinders, and then the eigenfunction expansion of velocity potential and Grafs addition theorem are used to give the analytical solution to the wave diffraction problem. The relation of the total wave force on cylinder to the distance between the cylinder and orthogonal vertical walls and the incidence angle of wave is also studied by numerical computation.     

正交直墙前直立圆柱的波浪绕射的解析研究

应用镜像原理,将正交直墙前单个圆柱的波浪绕射问题,转化为4个对称布置圆柱的4向入射波浪的绕射问题。然后应用速度势的特征展开方法和Graf加法定理,建立了正交直墙前垂直圆柱的波浪绕射解析解。通过数值计算研究了圆柱与正交直墙间距离大小、波浪入射角等因素与圆柱上总波浪作用力的解析关系。     

内孤立波作用下竖直圆柱体的横向力研究

本文对内孤立波作用下圆柱体的水动力特性进行了数值研究。对不同直径、不同水深比、不同浸没深度的圆柱进行了水平方向受力分析,从多个因素出发,研究了内孤立波对水下竖直圆柱的水平作用情况。通过分析水平作用力和力矩的时程曲线,得到内孤立波行进过程中对于圆柱体的横向作用力和力矩与时间的关系。通过对比不同工况下内孤立波橫向作用力幅值,得到内孤立波作用力幅值与圆柱直径、水深比以及浸没深度的关系。结果表明,内孤立波横向作用力(力矩)幅值与圆柱直径呈线性相关关系,但与水深比相关关系不明显,随着圆柱浸没深度的增加,内孤立波横向作用力幅值呈现出先增大后减小的趋势。     

分离盘控制圆柱涡激振动的数值模拟研究

圆柱涡激振动问题一直以来备受关注,分离盘作为涡激振动抑制装置得到广泛研究。分离盘长度L与圆柱直径D之比L/D是影响抑制效果的主要因素。运用有限体积法结合RANS方程与一定的湍流模式离散和求解流场,通过编写自定义程序,使用动网格模拟结构物的运动带来的流域边界的变化,针对弹性支撑的圆柱及附加长度为0.5 D的分离盘模型,在约化速度Ur为2.5~13的情况下,对涡激振动及其抑制进行研究。结果表明:分离盘可以抑制甚至消除圆柱涡激振动,99%以上的振幅被抑制;锁定区始点被推后,锁定区变窄;附加分离盘的圆柱阻力和升力被抑制;其斯特鲁哈数(St)稍高于单圆柱St但差别不大。     

Theoretical Approximation of Focusing-Wave Induced Load upon A Large-Scale Vertical Cylinder

Until now, most researches into the rogue-wave-structure interaction have relied on experimental measurement and numerical simulation. Owing to the complexity of the physical mechanism of rogue waves, theoretical study on the wave-structure issue still makes little progress. In this paper, the rogue wave flow around a vertical cylinder is analytically studied within the scope of the potential theory. The rogue wave is modeled by the Gauss envelope, which is one particular case of the well-known focusing theory. The formulae of the wave-induced horizontal force and bending moment are proposed. For the convenience of engineering application, the derived formulae are simplified appropriately, and verified against numerical results. In addition, the influence of wave parameters, such as the energy focusing degree and the wave focusing position, is thoroughly investigated.     

Wave Diffraction from A Vertical Cylinder with Two Uniform Columns and Porous Outer Wall

—Based on a linear model of the pressure difference between two sides of a porous wall and thefluid velocity inside it.an analytic solution is established for wave diffraction from a cylinder with an outerporous column and an inner solid column.Numerical experiments are carried out to examine the effects ofthe wave force on a porous low-column cylinder and the wave elevations outside and inside the cylinderdue to the porous character of the outer column and the ratio between the radii of the inner and outer col-umns.The numerical results show that the increase in the coefficient of porosity of the outer column of adouble column cylinder will reduce the wave elevation around the cylinder and the wave load on it.The ra-dius of the inner column does not affect too much the wave elevation around the cylinder and the totalforce on the cylinder.     

Numerical Simulation of Wave Scour Around A Large-Scale Circular Cylinder

A numerical model is developed for estimation of local scour around a large circular cylinder under vvave action. The model includes wave diffraction around structures, bed shear stress calculation inside the vvave boundary layer and topo-graphical change model. The vvave model is based on the improved Boussinesq equations for varying depth. The vvave boundary layer is calculaled by solving the integrated momentum equation over the boundary layer. The bed shear stress due to streaming, an important factor affecting the sediment transport around a large-scale cylinder, is calculated. The Lagrangian drift velocity is included in calculation of the suspended sediment transport rates. The model is implemented by a finite element method and the results from the present model, which agree well with experimental data, are com-pared vvith those from other methods.     

Numerical Investigation on Vortex-Induced Rotations of A Triangular Cylinder Using An Immersed Boundary Method

A numerical study of vortex-induced rotations(VIRs) of an equivalent triangular cylinder, which is free to rotate in the azimuthal direction in a uniform flow, is presented. Based on an immersed boundary method, the numerical model is established, and is verified through the benchmark problem of flow past a freely rotating rectangular body.The computation is performed for a fixed reduced mass of m~*=2.0 and the structural stiffness and damping ratio are set to zero. The effects of Reynolds number(Re=25-180) on the characteristics of VIR are studied. It is found that the dynamic response of the triangular cylinder exhibits four distinct modes with increasing Re: a rest position,periodic rotational oscillation, random rotation and autorotation. For the rotational oscillation mode, the cylinder undergoes a periodic vibration around an equilibrium position with one side facing the incoming flow. Since the rotation effect, the outset of vortex shedding from cylinder shifts to a much lower Reynolds number. Further increase in Re leads to 2 P and P+S vortex shedding modes besides the typical 2 S pattern. Our simulation results also elucidate that the free rotation significantly changes the drag and lift forces. Inspired by these facts, the effect of free rotation on flow-induced vibration of a triangular cylinder in the in-line and transverse directions is investigated. The results show that when the translational vibration is coupled with rotation, the triangular cylinder presents a galloping response instead of vortex-induced vibration(VIV).     

Experimental Study on Flow past A Rotationally Oscillating Cylinder

A series of experiments was carried out to study the flow behaviour behind a rotationally oscillating cylinder at a low Reynolds number (Re=300) placed in a recirculation water channel. A stepper motor was used to rotate the cylinder clockwise- and- counterclockwise about its longitudinal axis at selected frequencies. The particle image velocimetry (PIV) technique was used to capture the flow field behind a rotationally oscillating cylinder. Instantaneous and time-averaged flow fields such as the vorticity contours, streamline topologies and velocity distributions were analyzed. The effects of four rotation angle and frequency ratios F_r (F_r=f_n/f_v, the ratio of the forcing frequency f_n to the natural vortex shedding frequency f_v) on the wake in the lee of a rotationally oscillating cylinder were also examined. The significant wake modification was observed when the cylinder undergoes clockwise-and-counterclockwise motion with amplitude of π, especially in the range of 0.6≤F_r≤1.0.     

A Numerical Study on Water Waves Generated by A Submerged Moving Body in A Two-Layer Fluid System

This is a numerical study on the time development of surface waves generated by a submerged body moving steadily in a two-layer fluid system, in which a layer of water is underlain by a layer of viscous mud. The fully nonlinear Navier-Stokes equations are solved on FLUENT with the Volume-of-Fluid (VOF) multiphase scheme in order to simulate the free surface waves as well as the water-mud interface waves as functions of time. The numerical model is validated by mimicking a reported experiment in a one-layer ...     

Numerical Investigation of Run-ups on Cylinder in Steep Regular Wave

The run-up on offshore structures induced by the steep regular wave is a highly nonlinear flow with a free surface.This article focuses on the investigation of the steep regular wave run-up on a single vertical cylinder by solving the Navier-Stokes equations. A numerical wave tank is established based on the open-source package to simulate the wave scattering induced by a vertical cylinder. The VOF method is applied to capture the large deformation and breaking of the free surface. The numerical model is validated by experimental results. The relative wave run-ups on the front face and the back face along the centerline of a cylinder are analyzed. The changes of the relative run-ups with the wave steepness, the relative diameter and the relative depth are studied. It is found that the relative run-ups on the front face and the back face of the cylinder depend mainly on the wave steepness and the relative diameter,while the dependence on the relative depth is weak. The empirical formulae are proposed to calculate the relative run-ups in terms of the wave steepness of incident regular waves and the relative diameter of a cylinder.     

锥形振荡浮子入水冲击问题的数值模拟研究

锥形振荡浮子在波浪能转换装置中应用非常广泛,在其服役期间,由于较小的设计吃水深度或为防避极端海况的需要,它们经常会离开水面;当其再次入水的时候,浮子底部就会受到入水冲击。入水冲击总是伴随着巨大的冲击压强以及冲击载荷,会导致浮子的结构性及疲劳性破坏,从而影响浮子的工作寿命。基于Fluent软件对锥形浮子的入水冲击过程进行了模拟仿真,研究了具有不同斜升角的锥体在入水冲击过程中所受的冲击压强、冲击载荷、冲击速度的时空变化规律,以及各冲击参数之间的关系。结果发现:(1)锥形浮子在入水瞬间的毫秒量级时间内受到极大的冲击压强和冲击载荷;(2)最大压强出现在锥顶点处,且锥顶点压强和锥表面压强之间的差距随着入水深度的增加而逐渐减小;(3)锥顶点压强峰值早于冲击载荷峰值而出现,并且两者之间的时间间隔随着锥体斜升角的增加而增大;(4)其他条件不变时,斜升角越小的锥体其所受的入水冲击越大。     

南沙暖水形成的动力和热动力过程的初步数值研究

利用一个简化的上混合层垂直积分模式,对南海南部“南沙暖水”形成的动力和热动力过程进行数值研究。结果表明：(1)在春季,南沙暖水的形成主要来自海面净热通量的贡献,而通过热平流、苏禄海或巽它陆架以南的暖水进入的贡献甚小;(2)在冬季,南沙群岛海区流场强度增大,热平流项的贡献大于或等于海面净热通量的贡献,海温的降低幅度也较其他深海区的要大。但由于该海区在此前的季节中初始温度场较高,因而使得该海区的海温仍保持较高的水平;(3)南沙暖水的形成和维持高温的机制是随着季节的变化而变化的。     

Study on Flow Field Around Vertical Breakwater Under Different Overtopping Conditions Based on Numerical Simulation

A numerical wave flume is constructed based on the Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations with turbulence closure by a modified k-ε model to study the viscous interactions of waves with vertical breakwaters for different overtopping cases. The governing equations,the turbulence model,boundary conditions,and solution method for the numerical wave flume are introduced briefly. The reliability of the numerical wave flume is examined by comparing the numerical results with the experimental measurement...     

Numerical Modeling of Water Wave Interaction with A Soft Mud Bed

A vertical 2-D numerical model is presented for simulating the interaction between water waves and a soft mud bed. Taking into aceotmt nonlinear theology, a semi-empirical theological model is applied to this water-mud model, reflecting the combined visco-elasto-plastic properties of soft mud under such oscillatory external forces as water waves. In order to increase the resolution of the flow in the neighborhood of both sides of the inter-surface, a logarithmic grid in the vertical direction is employed for numerical treatment. Model verifications are given through comparisons between the calculated and the measured mud mass transport velocities as well as wave height changes.