辽西义县组基性、中基性火山岩内沉凝灰岩层的发现及其意义

义县组岩性以基性、中基性火山岩、火山碎屑岩为主，局部发育有富含“热河生物群”化石的沉积层。在这些沉积层之下、义县组复成分底砾岩之上，发现有 4个沉凝灰岩层，与基性、中基性火山岩呈互层状产出，其岩性以沉凝灰岩或含砾凝灰质粉砂岩为主。这些凝灰岩层厚度虽小，但分布较广泛，走向延伸稳定。根据辽西地区中生代火山岩活动的基本规律，沉凝灰岩层与基性、中基性火山岩的空间展布特征及野外地质综合研究将义县组早期火山活动划分出 5个火山作用旋回，并确认四合屯、黄半吉沟、尖山沟、以及上园、大康堡、河夹心等地富含“热河生物群”化石的沉积层均属于同一火山旋回（第五旋回）的产物。这一发现极大地丰富了辽西地区中生代陆相盆地火山—沉积作用的研究内容，并将促进火山活动与生物灭绝事件方面的研究工作。     

辽宁西部中白垩世火山旋回的划分与对比

辽宁西部地区中生代白垩纪存在两期火山旋回,时代分别属早白垩世早期和中白垩世早期。早白垩世火山旋同即义县组,中白垩世火山旋回本文称为大兴庄火山岩,该期火山岩火山活动微弱,火山岩分柑局限,主要出露于阜新—义县盆地的东侧上齐台一带,以宁静的侵出和次火山岩侵入为主,是早白垩世阜新组沉积之后,中白垩世孙家湾组沉积之前的一次火山活动,它与孙家湾组共同组成一个火山喷发—沉积旋回。     

额尔古纳地区中生代火山岩形成环境的研究

额尔古纳地区中生代火山活动强烈,其主要的活动期间为晚侏罗世至早白垩世（１５０～１００Ｍａ）。根据新的岩石化学、稀土、微量元素、稳定同位素、构造等方面的分析结果得出以下认识：１．该区中生代火山岩来源较深,具幔源特征,岩浆形成在总体呈挤压背景的环境中,使得岩浆在演化过程中混入了大量的壳源物质;２．中生代火山岩大致分两个亚旋回,其中塔木兰沟组（Ｊ３ｔ）火山岩和上库力组（Ｋ１ｓ）火山岩是同一岩浆亚旋回的产物。     

北祁连阿柔地区奥陶纪火山岩岩石学特征及其喷发旋回研究

北祁连阿柔地区奥陶纪火山岩分布广泛,发育在早奥陶世阴沟组和晚奥陶世抠门子组。对北祁连阿柔地区奥陶纪火山岩分布特征和岩石学特征进行了研究,划分了3类火山岩岩相：爆发相、喷溢相、喷发沉积相。并划分了2个火山岩喷发旋回：阴沟旋回和扣门子旋回。揭示了阿柔地区祁连洋（裂谷）演化特征,对北祁连地区火山岩区域对比及火山机构恢复具有一定的指导意义。     

额尔古纳—满洲里地区中生代火山岩与铀成矿地质条件研究

与我国相毗邻的蒙古、俄罗斯超大型火山岩型铀矿床的发现促进了我国对额尔古纳—满洲里地区中生代火山岩铀成矿条件的研究。在野外调研、样品分析及资料综合整理基础上,本文从火山岩的火山喷发旋回与演化、岩性组合、岩石铀含量、岩石化学及火山岩形成环境方面分析了该区中生代火山岩的铀成矿地质条件,认为该区与国内外产铀火山岩特征相似,成矿地质条件优越,是我国超大型火山岩型铀矿床极具远景的地区。     

辽宁西部地区早白垩世义县火山旋回、亚旋回的划分与对比

前言本文所指辽宁西部地区系医巫闾山以西的辽宁省部分。该区位于我国东部火山岩带内带(大兴安岭-燕山火山喷发带)东侧。早白垩世义县期火山岩盆地发育在三个北东向火山喷发带内,即锦西-锦州-义县-阜新火山喷发带;建昌-喀左-朝阳火山喷发带;三十家子-凌源-铁营子火山喷发带。它们常以上叠式角度不整合于侏罗纪或前侏罗纪地层之上。火山喷发型式以中心式为主,裂隙式次之。近年,笔者曾参加辽西中生代火山岩地质与矿产研究,对义县火山旋回,在传统划分方案的基础上,运用火山旋回、岩浆演化及地质构造的观点,结合火山岩相特征、岩石组合、同位素地质年龄等资料进行了划分与对比(图1) 。现总结如下,供研究者参考,谬误之处,望批评指正。     

胶北臧家庄盆地中生代火山岩及火山活动特征

通过对胶北臧家庄盆地中生代火山岩系的构造位置、产出状态、岩石特征、地球化学特征、相序列组合及同位素年龄等资料的综合分析,结合区域构造特征,认为其属中国东部中生代火山岩带之桃村—莱阳火山 沉积盆地构造组成部分;岩石类型为玄武岩、安山岩、英安岩及流纹岩等,属钙碱性系列,按相序列可划分为安山质岩系、英安质岩系及凝灰质粘土岩三个相组;构成两个火山旋回。     

辽西中生代火山岩中珍珠岩、沸石、膨润土成矿因素探讨

辽西地区中生代火山岩中珍珠岩为火山喷发熔浆型;沸石和膨润土为火山熔岩—再造型或正常火山碎屑岩—再造型和沉积火山碎屑岩—再造型,这些矿产均与侏罗、白垩纪的酸性火山玻璃质岩石有关。珍珠岩、沸石、膨润土与火山活动阶段分异程度密切相关。早白垩世义县旋回岩浆分异最好,故绝大部分珍珠岩、沸石、膨润土矿赋存在此旋回。火山机体构造直接控制珍珠岩、沸石、膨润土矿产,而不同的火山岩相控制着不同种类、不同成因类型的珍珠岩、沸石、膨润土矿产。珍珠岩是酸性岩浆骤冷并在水的参与下形成的。沸石、膨润土成矿是在偏碱性水介质中进行的,重碳酸钠型水的条件有利于它们获得和保存所必须的元素。内陆滞流或半滞流湖盆是沸石、膨润土成矿最有利的古地理环境。     

辽西金羊盆地南部髫髻山组陆相火山岩及旋回层序划分

辽西金羊盆地（金岭寺－羊山盆地）南部髫髻山组陆相火山岩发育,为一套以中性为主的基性、中基性、中性火山岩组合。火山岩碱度主要为钙碱性。火山岩形成环境为活动大陆边缘区,这与本区所处大地构造位置相吻合。根据当前火山岩的研究现状,尝试性地对该盆地髫髻山组火山岩进行了火山喷发旋回层序的划分,共划分了四级火山喷发旋回层序。其中 A-A′剖面Ⅰ级 1个,Ⅱ级 5个,Ⅲ级 17个,Ⅳ级 21个; B-B′剖面Ⅰ级 1个,Ⅱ级 5个,Ⅲ级 18个,Ⅳ级 24个。     

栾川北部眼窑寨古火山喷发机构地质特征

本区熊耳群可划分为两个喷发旋回及五个地层组。自下而上,第一旋回包括磨石沟组、张合庙组、焦园组;第二旋回包括坡前街组、眼窑寨组。熊耳群古火山岩包括喷发相、火山管道相、次火山相及火山喷发沉积相。其喷发机构中央,发育一个熔岩穹丘带。伴随中央喷发,侧向火山活动环绕中央喷发带产生了一系列不同级别的古火山构造,包括熔岩穹丘、喷发盆地、溢流通道、爆发通道等形式,并形成一个环状卫星式的古火山构造群。     

Recognition and Significance of Volcanic Rocks of the Anda Depression of the Songliao Basin in Jurassic-Cretaceous

In the northern Songliao Basin, volcanics are fre-quently found and related closely to tectonic activi-ties during Early Cretaceous. The lava is mainly erupted along deep faults and distributed along the margine of the faulted depression. In deep part of Xujiaweizi area, natural gas exploration has been very successful, such as in the well Wang 9-12, well Shengshen 101 and well Fangshen 9 which are all highly-yield gas wells. Anda fault depression is lo-cated in the north of Xujia…     

Reservoir Volcanic Rocks: Geology and Geochemistry, the Mesozoic Non-Marine Songliao Basin, NE China

The reservoir volcanic rocks in Songliao Basin include the Lower Cretaceous (Klyc Form., 114～135 Ma,acidic rocks) and the Upper Jurassic (J3hs Form., 145～158 Ma, intermediate rocks). Vesicles coupled with faults make the volcanic reservoir spaces which do not as badly getting worse with buried depth as those of sediments generally doing. The flood rhyolites of the Lower Cretaceous cover ca. 100 000 km2 with relict thickness from 100 m to more than 1000 m. They are high-silica, rich in aluminum and potassium, high REE contents with large negative Eu anomalies,thus believed also be formed by the large-scale sialic crust partial-melting. The andesitic rocks of the Upper Jurassic are rich in Al and K, but with lower REE contents and minor negative Eu anomalies, as well as dispersal patterns of HREE.They are believed to be produced by progressively shallower partial-melting where the fractionation of garnet and/or zircon may be involved. The most probable heat sources provided for the long-lasting volcanisms in the Songliao Basin is the subduction of the Okhotsk plate.     

Volcanic edifices of Yingcheng Formation in Changling fault depression of Songliao Basin and their seismic identification

Volcanic edifices play an important role in controlling the spatial distribution of volcanic reservoirs . Taking the volcanic rocks of the Yingcheng Formation as an example , the types of volcanic formations , seismic attributes and reservoir characteristics are studied in detail using drill cores and logging and seismic data .A volcanic edifice model is established .On the basis of lithology and internal flow unit , the volcanic edifices can be divided into 4 types , including acidic lava volcanic edifices ( single flow units and composite flow units ) , rhyolitic lava debris volcanic edifices , and basaltic lava volcanic edifices .Among these types , the acidic lava volcanic edifices ( single flow unit ) consist of a single lava flow unit , and the seismic profile is characterized by a hill-like blank reflection .Additionally, this type of edifice shows a contiguous petal-like pattern in the wave-form classification chart .The acidic lava volcanic edifices ( composite unit ) consist of several acidic lava domes and plate-like lava flows , and the seismic section is a combination of parallel and hill-like reflections .This type shows noise and short-line clutter in the waveform classification diagram .The rhyolitic lava debris volcanic edi-fices have multiple layers of stacked volcanic debris .The seismic section features a draping continuous parallel reflection over a large area , and this type of edifice is characterized by a ripple pattern in the waveform classifi-cation diagram .The basaltic lava volcanic structural seismic section shows a large area of parallel reflectors . The waveform classification phase diagram shows a single and continuous distribution .The volcanic edifices with better physical properties have the following characteristics : the primary porosity belt is well developed , the units in the volcanic edifices are superimposed , and the volcanic structure is not integrated .Acidic compos-ite flow unit volcanic reservoirs have the best physical properties , and the acidic single flow unit volcanic reser-voirs are the worst .This study provided some reference for volcanic exploration and reservoir study in areas with few or no wells .     

辽宁省地槽区志留系—奥陶系

辽宁省地槽区的志留系—奥陶系分布于辽宁省北部,奥陶系称下二台群,由下向上分为盘岭组、黄顶子组、烧锅屯组;分布于辽宁省西部的奥陶系称明安山群。志留系下统为巴林桥组,中统为晒勿苏组。下二台群是一套变质的火山岩系夹正常海相沉积层,火山岩的岩石化学成分及岩石结构与甘肃白银厂早古生代火山岩相似。在火山岩系中已发现有多处铜、金矿点,显然辽宁省北部下二台群是寻找铜、金、银的理想地区。     

Volcanism and Oil & Gas In Northeast China

Based on study on the relation with volcanic rock and oil & gas in Songliao Basin and Liaohe Basin in northeast China, author proposes that material from deep by volcanism enrichs the resources in basins, that heat by volcanism promotes organic matter transforming to oil and gas, that volcanic reservoir is fracture, vesicular, solution pore, intercrystal pore.Lava facies and pyroclastic facies are favourable reservoir. Mesozoic volcanic reservoir is majority of intermediate, acid rock,but Cenozoic volcanic reservoir is majority of basalt. Types of oil and gas pool relating to volcanic rock include volcanic fracture pool, volcanic unconformity pool, volcanic rock - screened pool, volcanic darpe structural pool.     

右江复合盆地的沉积特征及其构造演化

位于华南褶皱带南缘的右江盆地,其发展可分为两个不同的阶段。它的轮廓和结构,与NW向及NE向同沉积断裂关系密切。盆地内的沉积物,分别由特征不同的非补偿性和补偿性沉积相组成两个双层结构。盆地内火山活动发育,也明显的分为两个阶段。海西期,古特提斯洋的发展使哀牢山洋盆开裂,导致了右江地区在拉张应力条件下出现若干NW向裂陷带,这时的盆地具有大陆边缘裂谷特点。东吴运动后开始的印支期,区域应力条件发生变化。滨大平洋构造的发生,使盆地轮廓和结构发生明显变化,与此同时开始的哀牢山洋盆向NE方向的俯冲消减作用,使盆地在新的挤压条件下再次发生张裂和拗陷。进入了弧后盆地发展阶段。印支期末,盆地封闭。     

时频电磁井震联合建模反演探测深部火山岩储层内幕结构: 渤海湾盆地LD地区实例研究

盆地深部火山岩储层地震受能量屏蔽影响反射杂乱,使得火山岩油气藏的勘探非常困难。针对深部火山岩储层多期叠置的复杂内幕结构,研究了最优偏移距、激发周期窗口的时频电磁采集技术和时频电磁井震联合建模反演及电性节律变化火山岩期次解释技术,有效提高了该方法的深层分辨率和对深层目标的识别能力。在渤海湾盆地LD地区的研究应用效果明显,结果揭示红星构造带沙三段火山岩喷发自下而上表现出"弱-强-强-弱-弱"的"两强三弱"的特征,发育两个火山岩喷发机构,共同控制了5个期次的火山岩储层相带分布;桃园构造带沙三段各期次火山岩喷发强度明显减弱,仅发育一个火山岩喷发机构,除期次3火山岩储层相带分布范围相对较大外,其他期次火山岩主要局限分布于火山口附近,以爆发相为主,规模明显减小。后续钻探结果证实时频电磁揭示的火山岩储层分布正确,并为该区油气大发现提供了有力支撑,为探测类似的复杂目标提供了成功范例与技术方法。      

Facies-controlled volcanic reservoirs of northern Songliao Basin, NE China

Volcanic rocks of the late Mesozoic are very important reservoirs for the commercial natural gases including hydrocarbon, carbon dioxide and rare gases in the northern Songliao Basin. The reservoir volcanic rocks include rhyolite, andesite, trachyte, basalt and tuff. Facies of the volcanic rocks can be classified into 5 categories and 15 special types. Porosity and permeability of the volcanic reservoirs are facies-controlled. Commercial reservoirs were commonly found among the following volcanic subfacies: volcanic neck (I1) , underground-explosive breccia (I3), pyroclastic-bearing lava flow (II3), upper effusive (III3) and inner extrusive ones (IV1). The best volcanic reservoirs are generally evolved in the interbedded explosive and effusive volcanics. Rhyolites show in general better reservoir features than other types of rocks do.     

Nature, source and composition of volcanic ash in surficial sediments around the Zhongsha Islands

Volcanic detrital sediments are a unique indicator for reconstructing the petrogenetie evolution of submarine volcanic terrains. Volcanic ash in surficial sediments around the Zhongsha Islands includes three kinds of volcanogenic detritus, i.e., brown volcanic glass, colorless volcanic glass and volcanic scoria. The major element characteristics show that bimodal volcanic activity may have taken place in the northern margin of the South China Sea, with brown volcanic glass and colorless volcanic glass repre-senting the maric end-member and felsie end-member, respectively. Fractional crystallization is the main process for magma evolu-tion. The nature of the volcanic activity implies that the origin of volcanic activity was related to extensional tectonic settings, which is corresponding to an extensional geodynamie setting in the Xisha Trench, and supports the notion, which is based on geophysical data and petrology, that there may exist a mantle plume around the Hainan Island.