大气中定常行星波的Eliassen-Palm通量与波折射指数的关系

本文研究了β平面近似下波作用量守恒,得到波作用通量——Eliaaen-Palm通量的一般形式.本文还利用WKBJ方法求得球面大气中定常行星波的Eliassen-Palm通量与波折射指数的关系. 本文还用一个准地转34层球坐标模式计算了冬季北半球地形与定常热源强迫所产生的定常行星波的Eliassen-Palm通量,证明了冬季受迫定常行星波在垂直及侧向传播中存在着两支波导,从而证明了理论上所得到的关系.     

诊断大气环流变化的E-P通量

1.引言在六十年代以前,在大气环流的诊断研究中,特别是在扰动与基本气流相互作用中都是应用动量通量及热量通量。在六十年代初,著名气象学家 Ch-arney 提出用波的折射指数来描述行星波在垂直切变基本气流的传播。与此同时,Eliassen 和Palm 也提出一个与动量通量及热量通量相关联的能量通量矢量来表征行星波在切变基本气流的传播。在七十年代,许多研究定常行星波的学者都用Eliassen 和 Palm 原来所定义的能量通量矢量来表征波的垂直及侧向传播。例如,Matsuno,Kasa-hara 等,Hayashi 和 Golder 都是应用能量通量矢量来表征定常行星波的传播。然而,当波在具有切变的基本气流中传播,波的能量是不守恒的。Anderew 和 McIntyre 从位涡     

关于高原山地对大尺度过程的动力作用的研究

本文对高原山地所产生的大尺度动力过程问题作了综合评述,包括定常行星环流的纬向不对称性、地形强迫波的共振和多态平衡、非线性地形性不稳定、定常地形波能量的垂直传播、爬流和绕流以及背风坡的气旋生成等。     

对流凝结加热和垂直风切变对行星波垂直传播的影响

本文从理论上分析研究了对流凝结加热和垂直风切变对大气行星波垂直传播的影响。结果表明,对流凝结加热有抑制行星波垂直传播的作用;基本气流的西风(正)垂直切变对行星波的垂直传播有利,而东风(负)切变却对行星波的垂直传播有阻碍作用。 进-步分析还发现,垂直风切变对行星波垂直传播的影响以在中高纬度地区更为显著;对流凝结加热对行星波垂直传播的影响在热带地区更值得重视。并且,垂直风切变和对流凝结加热的影响可能是使得大气中板地波导更显著的重要原因之一。      

准定常行星波对大气中臭氧输运的动力作用

本文从拉格朗日平均环流观点讨论了行星波对大气中O3的输运作用。理论分析表明，当行星波是定常保守时，行星波对大气中O3没有输运作用；而非定常的行星波对大气中O3有明显的输运作用，它可以强迫出一个正的输运环流，即从热带上升，而从高纬下沉的环流；此外，只有当耗散的行星波传播到平流层才会在平流层强迫出输运环流。为了说明行星波对大气中O3输运的动力作用，本文还利用一组34层波—流相互耦合球坐标原始方程谱模式计算了地球大气中行星波对O3变化的作用，其计算的O3变化与实际观测到的O3分布变化很相似。     

平流层大气对对流层大尺度热力强迫的线性、定常响应

本文采用一个关于大气定常波的16层线性化原始方程三维谱模式,研究了冬季平流层大气对于对流层各种定常大尺度热力强迫的响应。研究结果表明,对流层中的热力强迫作用对于冬季平流层中垂直向上传播的行星定常波的维持有显著的贡献,平流层中强迫扰动的水平结构及其与对流层中扰动的差异与加热场的垂直结构有密切的关系。相对于强度和空间结构相同的强迫源而言,中纬强迫对于平流层的作用比低纬强迫更为显著。     

准定常行星被对大气中臭氧输运的动力作用

本文从拉格朗日平均环流观点讨论了行星波对大气中Ｏ３。的输运作用。理论分析表明，当行星波是定常保守时，行星波对大气中Ｏ３没有输运作用；而非定常的行星被对大气中ｏ。有明显的输运作用，它可以强迫出一个正的输运环流、即从热带上升，而从高纬下沉的环流；此外，只有当耗散的行星波传播到平流层才会在平流层强迫出输运环流。为了说明行星波对大气中Ｏ３输运的动力作用，本文还利用一组３４层波－流相互耦合球坐标原始方程谱模式计算了地球大气中行星波对Ｏ３变化的作用，其计算的Ｏ３变化与实际观测到的Ｏ３分布变化很相似。     

夏季西风带定常扰动对东北亚阻塞高压的影响

利用ECMWF 1980～1988年9年的格点资料，分析了定常扰动与东北亚阻塞高压之间的关系。分析结果表明:定常扰动的分布对阻塞高压维持日数有着重要的影响，定常扰动的季节变化可以很好地说明阻塞高压冬季多在太平洋和大西洋上发生和维持，而夏季多在东北亚地区发生和维持的特征。此外，从定常扰动的分布可以看到，不仅中高纬地区上空的正距平强度可以影响着阻塞高压的发生和维持，其南侧的负距平强度也同样重要地影响着阻塞高压。分析结果还表明:不仅定常扰动的水平结构对阻高有着重要影响，其垂直结构亦有着重要影响。最后，对夏季定常扰动进行了波数域分析，表明在夏季定常扰动的作用主要通过其中所包含的行星波、特别是行星波1波来实现，定常扰动中行星波部分的振幅变化是影响阻塞高压发生和维持的重要物理机制。     

加热场的三维结构对亚洲夏季风环流的影响

本文利用原始方程线性波模式考察了加热场的三维结构对夏季定常行星波特性的影响;比较了不同加热方式对亚洲夏季风坏流的形成及维持所起的作用。指出与低纬深厚积云对流相联的凝结加热对亚洲夏季风环流所起的重要作用和大气定常行星波响应对加热场的垂直结构的敏感性。     

冬季热源位置与热源的南北宽度对定常行星波的影响

本文应用一个定常、准地转34层球坐标模式来讨论冬季北半球多层模式大气对定常热源强迫的响应. 计算结果表明:在冬季位于高纬度的定常热源强迫所产生的定常行星波的振幅要比位于中纬度的定常热源强迫所产生的定常行星波的振幅要大.计算结果也表明了热源的南北宽度愈宽,其强迫所产生的定常行星波的振幅愈大.     

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF VARIOUS DATA OF AIR–SEA TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE AND ITS VARIATION ACROSS SOUTH CHINA SEA IN THE PAST 35 YEARS

Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter.     

Could the Recent Taal Volcano Eruption Trigger an El Ni?o and Lead to Eurasian Warming?

正The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth's climate and environment.     

VARIABILITY OF INTER-ANNUAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INDIAN OCEAN DIPOLE AND HUAXI REGION’S AUTUMN PRECIPITATION

The moving-window correlation analysis was applied to investigate the relationship between autumn Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events and the synchronous autumn precipitation in Huaxi region, based on the daily precipitation, sea surface temperature (SST) and atmospheric circulation data from 1960 to 2012. The correlation curves of IOD and the early modulation of Huaxi region’s autumn precipitation indicated a mutational site appeared in the 1970s. During 1960 to 1979, when the IOD was in positive phase in autumn, the circulations changed from a “W” shape to an ”M” shape at 500 hPa in Asia middle-high latitude region. Cold flux got into the Sichuan province with Northwest flow, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Western Pacific to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation increase in east Huaxi region. During 1980 to 1999, when the IOD in autumn was positive phase, the atmospheric circulation presented a “W” shape at 500 hPa, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Bay of Bengal to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation ascend in west Huaxi region. In summary, the Indian Ocean changed from cold phase to warm phase since the 1970s, caused the instability of the inter-annual relationship between the IOD and the autumn rainfall in Huaxi region.     

A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC CONDITIONS BEFORE THE OCCURRENCE OF TWO TYPES OF EL NIO EVENTS

The atmospheric and oceanic conditions before the onset of EP El Ni?o and CP El Ni?o in nearly 30 years are compared and analyzed by using 850 hPa wind, 20℃ isotherm depth, sea surface temperature and the Wheeler and Hendon index. The results are as follows: In the western equatorial Pacific, the occurrence of the anomalously strong westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Its intensity is far stronger than that of the CP El Ni?o. Two months before the El Ni?o, the anomaly westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o have extended to the eastern Pacific region, while the westerly wind anomaly of the CP El Ni?o can only extend to the west of the dateline three months before the El Ni?o and later stay there. Unlike the EP El Ni?o, the CP El Ni?o is always associated with easterly wind anomaly in the eastern equatorial Pacific before its onset. The thermocline depth anomaly of the EP El Ni?o can significantly move eastward and deepen. In addition, we also find that the evolution of thermocline is ahead of the development of the sea surface temperature for the EP El Ni?o. The strong MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o in the western and central Pacific is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Measured by the standard deviation of the zonal wind square, the intensity of MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o is significantly greater than that of the CP El Ni?o before the onset of El Ni?o.     

IMPACT OF ATMOSPHERIC LOW-FREQUENCY OSCILLATION ON THE IMMIGRATION OF NILAPARVATA LUGENS(STL) IN HUNAN AND JIANGXI PROVINCES

Various features of the atmospheric environment affect the number of migratory insects, besides their initial population. However, little is known about the impact of atmospheric low-frequency oscillation(10 to 90 days) on insect migration. A case study was conducted to ascertain the influence of low-frequency atmospheric oscillation on the immigration of brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens(Stl), in Hunan and Jiangxi provinces. The results showed the following:(1) The number of immigrating N. lugens from April to June of 2007 through 2016 mainly exhibited a periodic oscillation of 10 to 20 days.(2) The 10-20 d low-frequency number of immigrating N. lugens was significantly correlated with a low-frequency wind field and a geopotential height field at 850 h Pa.(3) During the peak phase of immigration, southwest or south winds served as a driving force and carried N. lugens populations northward, and when in the back of the trough and the front of the ridge, the downward airflow created a favorable condition for N. lugens to land in the study area. In conclusion, the northward migration of N. lugens was influenced by a low-frequency atmospheric circulation based on the analysis of dynamics. This study was the first research connecting atmospheric low-frequency oscillation to insect migration.     

全球贸易隐含碳变化及其影响分析

基于最新的GTAP8 (Global Trade Analysis Project）数据库,使用投入产出法,分析了2004年到2007年全球贸易变化下南北集团贸易隐含碳变化及对全球碳排放的影响。结果显示,随着发展中国家进出口规模扩张,全球贸易隐含碳流向的重心逐渐向发展中国家转移。2004年到2007年,发达国家高端设备制造业和服务业出口以及发展中国家资源、能源密集型行业及中低端制造业出口的趋势加强,该过程的生产转移导致全球碳排放增长4.15亿t,占研究时段全球贸易隐含碳增量的63%。未来发展中国家的出口隐含碳比重还将进一步提高。贸易变化带来的南北集团隐含碳流动变化对全球应对气候变化行动的影响日益突出,发达国家对此负有重要责任。     

Analysis of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Height Characteristics over the Arctic Ocean Using the Aircraft and GPS Soundings

正ERRATUM to: Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters, 4(2011), 124-130 On page 126 of the printed edition (Issue 2, Volume 4), Fig. 2 was a wrong figure because the contact author made mistake giving the wrong one. The corrected edition has been updated on our website. The editorial office is sincerely sorry for any     

Index to Vol.31

正AN Junling;see LI Ying et al.;(5),1221—1232AN Junling;see QU Yu et al.;(4),787-800AN Junling;see WANG Feng et al.;(6),1331-1342Ania POLOMSKA-HARLICK;see Jieshun ZHU et al.;(4),743-754Baek-Min KIM;see Seong-Joong KIM et al.;(4),863-878BAI Tao;see LI Gang et al.;(1),66-84BAO Qing;see YANG Jing et al.;(5),1147—1156BEI Naifang;     

Information for Contributors

正Journal of Meteorological Research is an international academic journal in atmospheric sciences edited and published by Acta Meteorologica Sinica Press,sponsored by the Chinese Meteorological Society.It has been acting as a bridge of academic exchange between Chinese and foreign meteorologists and aiming at introduction of the current advancements in atmospheric sciences in China.The journal columns include Articles.Note and Correspondence,and research letters.Contributions from all over the world are welcome.