大洋钻探计划的前景

2003年10月美国国家科学基金会决定给联合海洋研究所拨款6．25亿美元,以完成下一个10年的国际大洋钻探计划。除了美国人之外,来自日本的科学家也将参与其中,有关欧洲国家的专家参加计划的条件也正在谈判中。     

中国加入"整合大洋钻探(IODP)"的初步学术计划

中国为2003年开始的“整合大洋钻探”制定了本国的初步学术计划，确定了研究目标、领域及组织部署，在有关部委和国家自然科学基金委的共同支持下，力争建成一支西太平洋深海基础研究的主力队伍，使我国地球科学进入海陆结合和国际接轨的新局面，在古环境研究、西太平洋边缘海的形成演化及震源带以及深部生物圈和海底下的海洋等研究领域创出佳绩。     

"乔迪斯·决心号"大洋钻探船平台管理中心2018财年年度计划

1计划概况1.1前言美国德克萨斯农工大学(TAMU)是大洋钻探船“乔迪斯·决心号”的平台管理中心。德克萨斯农工研究基金会(TAMRF)通过德克萨斯农工大学捐助研究服务中心(SRS)为“乔迪斯.决心号”平台管理中心(JRSO)提供行政支持。     

面向全球系统变化:日本在综合大洋科学钻探计划中的科学计划

综合大洋科学钻探计划 (IODP)是有关调查地球科学 (包括生命科学 )的国际科学研究计划。IODP之科学计划取决于大洋钻探科学的国际研究者委员会 ,其执行则是根据科学家的项目建议书。IODP采用的项目建议书将根据IODP科学顾问组织 (SAS)对建议书的公正与公平的评估而决定。在浅海和冰盖海区将用钻井平台施钻 ,在另外海区将用“地球”号套管(Riser)钻探船和非套管钻探船 (美国提供 )。下面的内容是IODP开始阶段的科学研究热点 ,它们将作为评估项目建议书的标准。这里包括 3个主要科学目标和 8方面创新点。当你写任何一个项目建议书时…     

大洋钻探计划（IODP）302科考中的地球物理学研究：原有资料与新成果的大整合

1引言 作为对综合大洋钻探计划（IODP）、北极钻探科考计划实施所做的准备,一个包含了Lomonosov海岭地质与地球物理资料的大型勘测数据库已经建立完成。这一综合数据库包括了自1961年至2001年间从浮冰岛、破冰船以及潜艇上采集到的地球物理数据资料。     

Ocean governance and maritime security in a placeful environment: The case of the European Union

Adopting a critical geopolitics approach that accounts for the mutually reinforcing link between geo-informed narratives and projection practices, this article proposes that ocean governance and maritime security have translated into states' and regional organisations' increasing control over maritime spaces. This leads to a certain territorialisation of the sea, not so much from a sovereignty and jurisdictional perspective but from a functional and normative perspective. The article starts by discussing the ways oceans have been represented and shows that they are far from a placeless void, both in practice and in discourse. The article then frames the analysis of ocean governance and maritime security within critical geopolitics, and elaborates on the case of the European Union's narrative and practice. It concludes on the mutually reinforcing link between discourse and practice in the field of ocean governance and maritime security in general, and on the consequences for the EU in particular. Scholars working on ocean governance and maritime security are encouraged to challenge the traditional view that oceans are placeless.     

Review of participatory fisheries management arrangements in the European Union

Promoting and attaining sustainable use of resources through community participation is a central tenet of the European Union's (EU) 2013 Reform of the Common Fisheries Policy. A systematic review approach was used to identify participatory fisheries management arrangements within the EU. Following this, the participatory arrangements were categorized based on the nature of the decision-making arrangement, influence and empowerment of the fishing industry. The study identified 40 management arrangements distributed through 8 member states, with a variety of fisheries and institutional settings for participation in fisheries management in the EU. The majority of the partnerships identified are “Functional participation”, i.e., the participatory arrangement is based in pre-determined goals encouraged by higher decision-making levels in order to increase efficiency of management decisions. Interactive partnership was the highest level of participation identified in the systematic review, and is usually more conducive with local arrangements in coastal and small-scale fisheries targeting low mobility species.     

The Baltic Sea environment and the European Union: Analysis of governance barriers

The EU enlargement brought the Baltic Sea into the sphere of EU environmental policymaking, making the sea, with the exception of Russia, an EU inland sea. Yet, the state of the Baltic Sea environment is deteriorating at an alarming pace. This paper describes the evolution of the EU governance of the Baltic Sea environment, focussing on governance barriers. The findings demonstrate how the choice of analytical lens influences the construction of governance barriers and the respective intervention strategies. Such understanding can help policy practitioners in their search for successful measures to improve the governance situation in the Baltic Sea region.     

The European Atlas of the Seas: Relating Natural and Socio-Economic Elements of Coastal and Marine Environments in the European Union

The European Atlas of the Seas is a web-based information system aimed at the general public, but it is also capable of supporting selected nonspecialist professionals in addressing environmental issues, human activities, and policies related to the coast and sea. It includes a collection of maps and associated fact sheets based on data originating primarily from the European Commission and its agencies, which present a snapshot of key natural and socio-economic elements of the coastal and marine regions of the European Union. It provides a suite of basic instruments for map analysis and data combination to derive ad hoc maritime indicators.     

Institutional challenges for policy-making and fisheries advice to move to a full EAFM approach within the current governance structures for marine policies

The European Union is aiming to implement an Ecosystem Approach for the management of all human activities in the marine environment, hereunder the fisheries sector. Since the last reform of the Common Fisheries Policy in 2013, several analyses have highlighted the barriers and challenges to this aim. Despite the claim that much of the framework to support the implementation of an EAFM in Europe is in place, the findings point out to deterrent features within the governance system. Beyond the overall policy framework, this paper explores the implementation of the multiannual multispecies management plans as one of the real moves towards Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries Management. This is carried out on the basis of two case studies that address the design of multiannual multispecies management plans for the Baltic Sea and for the Atlantic Pelagic fisheries. The analyses strengthen with empirical evidences our understanding of the challenges ahead including, among others, an institutional gap between fisheries and environmental policy frameworks resulting in a limited integration of broader environmental concerns in one of the proposed plan and the standoff between decision-makers that delays the adoption and use of proposed management plans and creates frustration for the involved agencies.     

1988-2002年黄海和渤海风浪后报

本文对黄海和渤海风浪开展长期后报实验,时间范围覆盖1988至2002年,并分析相应的区域波候特征。首先,模式输出的月平均有效波高和卫星数据比对一致。其次,我们讨论了气候态月平均有效波高和平均波周期的时空分布特征。有效波高和平均波周期的气候态空间分布都呈现出西北-东南、或由近岸向深水区增加的趋势,这种空间的分布特征和局地的风强迫和水深密切相关。同时,海浪参数的季节变化也较显著。进一步,我们统计分析了风场和有效波高的极值,给出并揭示了黄海和渤海多年一遇有效波高的空间结构,并讨论了有效波高极值和风强迫极值之间的联系。