米仓山东段——大巴山前缘圈闭构造样式分析

从区域构造分析和地震剖面解释入手,通过野外地质调查、地震资料解释、典型剖面构造分析,确定了米仓山东段-大巴山区域应力方向,探讨了区域构造演化特征,重点解析了构造样式特征。通过界牌1井和磨子坪一瓦房湾局部构造分析,认为：（1）圈闭主要为背斜圈闭,圈闭受构造控制,断层对圈闭的控制作用表现为完整的背斜圈闭向断鼻圈闭转化,分化构造高点,构造裂缝发育;（2）界牌1井为低幅背斜圈闭（断鼻圈闭）,其断层可能不具有封堵性,因此未能形成工业性油气流;（3）磨子坪-瓦房湾区块发育一系列构造规模中等、背斜圈闭完整、闭合度高、面积大的圈闭。     

阿姆河右岸中下侏罗统构造变形及构造圈闭特征

阿姆河右岸区块为CNPC在阿姆河盆地的重要合作区块,目前对该区中下侏罗统构造面貌认识不甚清楚,严重制约着该区深部的油气勘探进展。充分利用已有的地质、钻探资料及新近采集的三维地震资料,通过对研究区中下侏罗统层序界面的全区追踪对比,探讨了阿姆河右岸区块中部三维地震区的中下侏罗统构造变形特征,在此基础上进一步分析了中下侏罗统构造圈闭类型及其成藏有效性。研究表明,研究区中下侏罗统构造是在晚二叠世-三叠纪断陷阶段形成的查尔朱断阶背景上,经过侏罗纪-古近纪的坳陷阶段和新近纪以来的来自南东方向的强烈挤压改造形成的综合产物。整体来看中下侏罗统主要发育有NW-SE向、近EW向、NEE-SWW向和NE-SW向4组断裂,不同走向断裂其形成时代、运动学特征、演化过程及在空间上的分布等方面都存在明显差异。受不同断裂活动性质的影响,研究区发育有NW-SE向、NE-SW向及NNE-SWW向3组不同走向的褶皱构造。受中下侏罗统构造变形过程的控制,研究区构造圈闭主要为背斜型圈闭,它们多被断裂切割改造,形成断层-背斜复合型圈闭。根据圈闭发育的控制因素可以分为在基底古隆起基础上发育起来的背斜型圈闭（A型）和与基底古隆起无关的新近纪形成的挤压背斜型圈闭（B型）。不同类型圈闭的成藏有效性存在明显差异。A型圈闭由于是在基底古隆起基础上发育起来的,中下侏罗统储层发育相对较好;B型圈闭主要位于研究区东部,早中侏罗世该区位于水体较深部位,储层发育差。根据A型圈闭在后期构造运动中被改造的强弱,可进一步分为A-1型和A-2型圈闭。A-1型圈闭后期被改造程度弱,早期古隆起边缘断裂的后期活动未将早期（新近纪以前）可能已经形成的中下侏罗统原生油气藏完全破坏掉,从而一部分原生油气藏被保存下来;而A-2型圈闭后期被改造程度强,早期断裂的后期活动或新生断裂将早期可能形成的中下侏罗统原生油气藏严重破坏。3类构造圈闭中下侏罗统成藏有效性以A-1型圈闭最好,A-2型圈闭次之,B型圈闭最差。     

南苏门答腊盆地Jabung 区块油气成藏特征 与主控因素分析

[摘 要] 本文以油气成藏理论为指导,通过分析区块的构造、生储盖、圈闭和油气分布特征,总结出 区块的成藏主控因素,明确区块下一步的勘探方向。研究发现区块的油气成藏具有构造复杂、烃源岩优 越、储集层丰富、盖层良好和圈闭多样的特征。油气分布具有西油东气,西部下部地层( LTAF 和UTAF 组)为主,东部上部地层(Gumai 组)为主,下油上气的规律。分析认为区块的油气成藏主要受烃源岩、储 集层和断裂的控制。对于区块下一步的勘探,西部地区应以寻找剩余的断层相关圈闭为主;东部地区应 以寻找远离断层的背斜圈闭为主,同时岩性地层圈闭是重要的勘探对象。     

东营凹陷新生代构造转型及其控油意义

东营凹陷作为济阳坳陷一次级构造单元,现今的构造格局由四条NWW向断裂-背斜构造带和四条NE向断裂-背斜构造带叠合而成,可以看作是二个大型的分别受陈南铲式断裂带和利津断裂带所控制的伸展断弯褶皱体系,先后经历了NNE-SSW向和NW-SE向区域引张作用的叠加及NE向的右旋走滑作用的改造,具有NW-SE向和NNE向的双向伸展及右旋走滑变形的基本特点,这种构造格局及其演变特征控制了油气的生成、运移、聚集成藏过程和油气藏的分布,构造类圈闭是主要的油气保存单元,两个方向的八条断褶构造带成藏条件较好,是油气藏主要聚集区带。     

塔里木盆地孔雀河斜坡维马克背斜构造的构造特征与形成演化

维马克背斜构造带位于孔雀河斜坡的东部,该背斜构造带西段发育北西走向断裂,东段发育北东东走向断裂,是孔雀河斜坡两大断裂系统的构造转换地带,解析该背斜构造带的构造特征对于认识孔雀河斜坡成因演化和塔里木盆地东北缘早古生代以来的地球动力学背景都具有重要的意义。本文利用断层相关褶皱理论,通过对过孔雀河斜坡维马克背斜构造带地震剖面的精细解释,分析了该背斜构造的构造特征并讨论了其形成演化。维马克背斜构造带西段受北西走向的断裂组F_w1 和F_w2 控制,维马克1号背斜呈北西-南东向展布,东段受北东东走向的断裂组F_w3 和F_w4 控制,维马克2号背斜呈北东-南西向展布,维马克背斜卷入变形的地层为中-上奥陶统、志留系、侏罗系和白垩系,控制背斜形态的断裂系统具有挤压扭动的动力学特征,维马克背斜构造带及其南北两侧盆山系统构造演化大致经历了5期构造运动,维马克背斜构造带至库鲁克塔格山前带地壳缩短37.4 km,南段英吉苏凹陷南缘斜坡带缩短4.31 km,缩短率为25.32%。研究认为,维马克背斜断裂系统是北西向和北东东向两大断裂系统相互影响下的特定构造样式,来自南北不同方向的构造应力在维马克背斜构造带产生走滑效应,使得维马克背斜构造断裂系统具有挤压扭动的特征。     

苏北盆地高邮凹陷断裂系统发育特征及其控藏作用

苏北盆地高邮凹陷油气资源丰富,已发现的油气藏类型及其分布与断裂发育特征、断裂演化过程密切相关。利用高精度三维连片地震资料,对高邮凹陷断裂发育特征及活动期次进行研究,划分断裂系统,并分析断裂系统对油气成藏的控制作用。高邮凹陷主要发育晚白垩世—古新世伸展断裂系统、始新统戴南组沉积期伸展断裂系统、始新统三垛组沉积期张扭断裂系统和长期活动断裂系统等4类断裂系统。晚白垩世—古新世,在NW—SE向伸展应力场下发生分散变形,形成NEE—NE向伸展断裂;始新统戴南组沉积期在NW—SE向伸展应力场下发生集中变形,形成NE向伸展断裂;始新统三垛组沉积期在近S—N向伸展应力影响下发生张扭变形,形成近EW向张扭断裂。长期活动断裂系统垂向输导油气,晚白垩世—古新世伸展断裂系统和始新统戴南组沉积期伸展断裂系统侧向封堵油气,始新统三垛组沉积期张扭断裂系统破坏原生油藏,使油气发生逸散。深凹带内长期活动断裂上盘的滚动背斜圈闭和横向背斜,断阶带在长期活动断裂分段点间断层下盘的断块圈闭,以及斜坡带内东部斜坡的掀斜断块圈闭是油气运聚成藏的有利目标区。     

二连盆地阿北安山岩油气藏的勘探

阿北安山岩油气藏位于二连盆地阿南凹陷阿尔善构造带阿北背斜构造上,为火山岩体圈闭,储集层为下白垩统阿三段安山岩,属熔岩台地相,非均质性强,储集空间类型主要为裂缝,次为孔隙,含油饱和度低,仅１２．５％,为低孔、低渗、低饱和油气藏,且为弹性驱动封闭型弱底水块状油气藏。这种油气藏的形成,受控于深大断裂发育带断层交叉处的火山岩体圈闭,断层是油气运移的主要通道,裂缝既是运移通道又是主要储集空间。勘探这类油气藏     

柴达木盆地南翼山构造样式及其与油气成藏关系:三维地震解释新证据

三维地震资料解释和构造分析表明,南翼山背斜两翼发育两组与背斜轴向近平行的左行压扭性断裂带(走向约310°),断裂带剖面形态为正花状构造,背斜发育三组次级断裂,可分别与走滑里德尔剪切模型中的R、R'、X面很好地匹配,特征次级断裂性质与南翼山边界左旋走滑断裂带属性相符。晚新生代以来,柴西南地区受控于阿尔金断裂和昆北断裂系,整体处于压扭性环境之中,形成了一系列以南翼山为代表的压扭性背斜构造,不存在大规模逆冲构造。南翼山左行花状压扭性断裂带活动导致的背斜隆起及其派生的张性次级断裂是控制南翼山油气藏形成的重要因素,花状压扭性断裂带和背斜隆起形成了构造圈闭,而次级断裂沟通了烃源岩与储层,形成了油气向上运移的通道和储集空间。     

大洼—海外河地区复式油气聚集带成藏模式研究

以沉积学、油田地质学等为基础,结合钻井、试油及分析化验资料,进行大洼－海外河地区复式油气聚集带的石油地质特征综合评价,指出清水陡坡带发育了断块、断鼻圈闭;中央隆起带南部倾没带分布沙三、沙一段地层超覆圈闭,海外河地区为东营组披覆背斜圈闭,大洼地区为岩性圈闭及砂岩透镜体圈闭。中生界油藏类型为潜山型断块油气藏,沙三段以地层超覆油气藏、构造－岩性油气藏及断块油气藏为主,沙一段和东营组以构造－岩性油气藏及断     

塔里木盆地塔河地区海西晚期火山岩构造特征与油气成藏

通过地震剖面解释,根据断裂的切割层位将研究区火山岩断裂分为3类,即深层断裂、浅层断裂、火山岩内部微断裂。通过编制这3类断裂的平面展布图,对塔河地区火山岩断裂的性质、形成期次、分布特征及形成机理进行了分析。认为深层断裂形成于加里东期-海西期,以逆冲断层为主,走向呈NNE、NE、NNW3组,断裂主要分布于塔河火山岩发育区北部、西北部。浅层断裂形成于燕山期-喜马拉雅期,以正断层为主,断裂走向呈NE、NNE向,主要分布于盐边地带和东南部盐上火山岩分布区。火山岩内部的微断裂在顶部较底部发育,主要分布于塔河地区西部的火山岩中。根据火山岩储层和构造成因类型,将塔河地区火山岩划分为3种圈闭类型,即:构造裂缝和淋滤风化共同控制的圈闭、古凸起不整合遮挡和抬升淋滤风化共同控制的圈闭、埋藏溶蚀和构造裂缝共同控制的圈闭。分析了火山岩圈闭顶部的盖层条件和火山岩的油气成藏条件,认为三叠系底部柯吐尔组泥岩可形成有效的区域性封盖,塔河地区火山岩具有良好的油气成藏条件。     

Roles of xenomelts,xenoliths, xenocrysts,xenovolatiles, residues,and skarns in the genesis,transport, and localization of magmatic Fe-Ni-Cu-PGE sulfides and chromite

Most sulfide-rich magmatic Ni-Cu-(PGE) deposits form in dynamic magmatic systems by partial melting S-bearing wall rocks with variable degrees of assimilation of miscible silicate and volatile components, and generation of barren to weakly-mineralized immiscible Fe sulfide xenomelts into which Ni-Cu-Co-PGE partition from the magma. Some exceptionally-thick magmatic Cr deposits may form by partial melting oxide-bearing wall rocks with variable degrees of assimilation of the miscible silicate and volatile components, and generation of barren Fe ± Ti oxide xenocrysts into which Cr-Mg-V ± Ti partition from the magma. The products of these processes are variably preserved as skarns, residues, xenoliths, xenocrysts, xenomelts, and xenovolatiles, which play important to critical roles in ore genesis, transport, localization, and/or modification. Incorporation of barren xenoliths/autoliths may induce small amounts of sulfide/chromite to segregate, but incorporation of sulfide xenomelts or oxide xenocrysts with dynamic upgrading of metal tenors (PGE > Cu > Ni > Co and Cr > V > Ti, respectively) is required to make significant ore deposits. Silicate xenomelts are only rarely preserved, but will be variably depleted in chalcophile and ferrous metals. Less dense felsic xenoliths may aid upward sulfide transport by increasing the effective viscosity and decreasing the bulk density of the magma. Denser mafic or metamorphosed xenoliths may also increase the effective viscosity of the magma, but may aid downward sulfide transport by increasing the bulk density of the magma. Sulfide wets olivine, so olivine xenocrysts may act as filter beds to collect advected finely dispersed sulfide droplets, but other silicates and xenoliths may not be wetted by sulfides. Xenovolatiles may retard settling of – or in some cases float – dense sulfide droplets. Reactions of sulfide melts with felsic country rocks may generate Fe-rich skarns that may allow sulfide melts to fractionate to more extreme Cu-Ni-rich compositions. Xenoliths, xenocrysts, xenomelts, and xenovolatiles are more likely to be preserved in cooler basaltic magmas than in hotter komatiitic magmas, and are more likely to be preserved in less dynamic (less turbulent) systems/domain/phases than in more dynamic (more turbulent) systems/domains/phases. Massive to semi-massive Ni-Cu-PGE and Cr mineralization and xenoliths are often localized within footwall embayments, dilations/jogs in dikes, throats of magma conduits, and the horizontal segments of dike-chonolith and dike-sill complexes, which represent fluid dynamic traps for both ascending and descending sulfides/oxides. If skarns, residues, xenoliths, xenocrysts, xenomelts, and/or xenovolatiles are present, they provide important constraints on ore genesis and they are valuable exploration indicators, but they must be included in elemental and isotopic mass balance calculations.     

Partition coefficients of Hf,Zr, and REE between zircon,apatite, and liquid

Concentration ratios of Hf, Zr, and REE between zircon, apatite, and liquid were determined for three igneous compositions: two andesites and a diorite. The concentration ratios of these elements between zircon and corresponding liquid can approximate the partition coefficient. Although the concentration ratios between apatite and andesite groundmass can be considered as partition coefficients, those for the apatite in the diorite may deviate from the partition coefficients. The HREE partition coefficients between zircon and liquid are very large (100 for Er to 500 for Lu), and the Hf partition coefficient is even larger. The REE partition coefficients between apatite and liquid are convex upward, and large (D=10–100), whereas the Hf and Zr partition coefficients are less than 1. The large differences between partition coefficients of Lu and Hf for zircon-liquid and for apatite-liquid are confirmed. These partition coefficients are useful for petrogenetic models involving zircon and apatite.     

Coprecipitation of Ti,Mo, Sn and Sb with fluorides and application to determination of B,Ti, Zr,Nb, Mo,Sn, Sb,Hf and Ta by ICP-MS

We examined the coprecipitation behavior of Ti, Mo, Sn and Sb in Ca–Al–Mg fluorides under two different fluoride forming conditions: at < 70 °C in an ultrasonic bath (denoted as the ultrasonic method) and at 245 °C using a Teflon bomb (denoted as the bomb method). In the ultrasonic method, small amounts of Ti, Mo and Sn coprecipitation were observed with 100% Ca and 100% Mg fluorides. No coprecipitation of Ti, Mo, Sn and Sb in Ca–Al–Mg fluorides occurred when the sample was decomposed by the bomb method except for 100% Ca fluoride. Based on our coprecipitation observations, we have developed a simultaneous determination method for B, Ti, Zr, Nb, Mo, Sn, Sb, Hf and Ta by Q-pole type ICP-MS (ICP-QMS) and sector field type ICP-MS (ICP-SFMS). 9–50 mg of samples with Zr–Mo–Sn–Sb–Hf spikes were decomposed by HF using the bomb method and the ultrasonic method with B spike. The sample was then evaporated and re-dissolved into 0.5 mol l^− 1 HF, followed by the removal of fluorides by centrifuging. B, Zr, Mo, Sn, Sb and Hf were measured by ID method. Nb and Ta were measured by the ID-internal standardization method, based on Nb/Mo and Ta/Mo ratios using ICP-QMS, for which pseudo-FI was developed and applied. When 100% recovery yields of Zr and Hf are expected, Nb/Zr and Ta/Hf ratios may also be used. Ti was determined by the ID-internal standardization method, based on the Ti/Nb ratio from ICP-SFMS. Only 0.053 ml sample solution was required for measurement of all 9 elements. Dilution factors of ≤ 340 were aspirated without matrix effects. To demonstrate the applicability of our method, 4 carbonaceous chondrites (Ivuna, Orgueil, Cold Bokkeveld and Allende) as well as GSJ and USGS silicate reference materials of basalts, andesites and peridotites were analyzed. Our analytical results are consistent with previous studies, and the mean reproducibility of each element is 1.0–4.6% for basalts and andesites, and 6.7–11% for peridotites except for TiO₂.     

深部矿井水煤共采水文地质数值分析

针对兖州煤田下组煤深部开采受奥灰高承压水威胁以及当地大型煤化工企业生产用水量大的现状,在已进行的水文地质勘探及放水试验基础上,评价奥灰富水性,并采用有限差分法进行奥灰疏水降压数值模拟研究,提出水煤共采观点。研究结果表明:兖州煤田深部奥灰水压高,合理布置水煤共采孔,可以实现奥灰水位的有效疏降,疏降中心区水位最大降深可达110 m,突水系数显著下降,提高了下组煤开采的安全性;同时可提供煤化工43200 m3/d的供水量,能达到可持续的、水资源保护性的供水效果,实现下组煤的水煤共采。     

Distribution of Cu,Co, As,and Fe in mine waste,sediment, soil,and water in and around mineral deposits and mines of the Idaho Cobalt Belt,USA

The distribution of Cu, Co, As and Fe was studied downstream from mines and deposits in the Idaho Cobalt Belt (ICB), the largest Co resource in the USA. To evaluate potential contamination in ecosystems in the ICB, mine waste, stream sediment, soil, and water were collected and analyzed for Cu, Co, As and Fe in this area. Concentrations of Cu in mine waste and stream sediment collected proximal to mines in the ICB ranged from 390 to 19,000 μg/g, exceeding the USEPA target clean-up level and the probable effect concentration (PEC) for Cu of 149 μg/g in sediment; PEC is the concentration above which harmful effects are likely in sediment dwelling organisms. In addition concentrations of Cu in mine runoff and stream water collected proximal to mines were highly elevated in the ICB and exceeded the USEPA chronic criterion for aquatic organisms of 6.3 μg/L (at a water hardness of 50 mg/L) and an LC50 concentration for rainbow trout of 14 μg/L for Cu in water. Concentrations of Co in mine waste and stream sediment collected proximal to mines varied from 14 to 7400 μg/g and were highly elevated above regional background concentrations, and generally exceeded the USEPA target clean-up level of 80 μg/g for Co in sediment. Concentrations of Co in water were as high as in 75,000 μg/L in the ICB, exceeding an LC50 of 346 μg/L for rainbow trout for Co in water by as much as two orders of magnitude, likely indicating an adverse effect on trout. Mine waste and stream sediment collected in the ICB also contained highly elevated As concentrations that varied from 26 to 17,000 μg/g, most of which exceeded the PEC of 33 μg/g and the USEPA target clean-up level of 35 μg/g for As in sediment. Conversely, most water samples had As concentrations that were below the 150 μg/L chronic criterion for protection of aquatic organisms and the USEPA target clean-up level of 14 μg/L. There is abundant Fe oxide in streams in the ICB and several samples of mine runoff and stream water exceeded the chronic criterion for protection of aquatic organisms of 1000 μg/L for Fe. There has been extensive remediation of mined areas in the ICB, but because some mine waste remaining in the area contains highly elevated Cu, Co, As and Fe, inhalation or ingestion of mine waste particulates may lead to human exposure to these elements.     

Dielectric constants of apatite,epidote, vesuvianite,and zoisite,and the oxide additivity rule

The dielectric constants and dielectric loss values of 4 Ca-containing minerals were determined at 1 MHz using a two-terminal method and empirically determined edge corrections. The results are: vesuvianitel κ′ _a=9.93 tan δ=0.006 κ′ _c=9.79 tan δ=0.005 vesuvianitel κ′ _a=10.02 tan δ=0.002 κ′ _c=9.85 tan δ=0.003 zoisite1 κ′ _a =10.49 tan δ=0.0006 κ′ _b =15.31 tan δ=0.0008 κ′ _c=9.51 tan δ=0.0008 zoisite2 κ′ _a =10.55 tan δ=0.0011 κ′ _b =15.45 tan δ=0.0013 κ′ _c=9.39 tan δ=0.0008 epidote κ′ ₁₁= 9.52 tan δ=0.0008 κ′ ₂₂=17.1 tan δ=0.0009 κ′ ₃₃= 9.37 tan δ=0.0006 fluorapatite1 κ′ _a =10.48 tan δ=0.0008 κ′ _c = 8.72 tan δ=0.0114 fluorapatite2 κ′ _a =10.40 tan δ=0.0010 κ′ _c=8.26 tan δ=0.0178 The deviation (δ) between measured dielectric polarizabilities as determined from the Clausius-Mosotti equation and those calculated from the sum of oxide polarizabilities according to α _D (mineral)=∑ α _D (oxides) for vesuvianite is ～ 0.5%. The large deviations of epidote and zoisite from the additivity rule with Δ=+ 10.1 and + 11.7%, respectively, are attributed to “rattling” Ca ions. The combined effects of both a large F thermal parameter and possible F-ion conductivity in fluorapatite are believed to be responsible for Δ=+2–3%. Although variation of oxygen polarizability with oxygen molar volume (V_o) is believed to affect the total polarizabilities, the variation of V_o in these Ca minerals is too small to observe the effect.     

Isotopic systematics of He,Ar, S,Cu, Ni,Re, Os,Pb, U,Sm, Nd,Rb, Sr,Lu, and Hf in the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits

This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (³He/⁴He, ⁴⁰Ar/³⁶Ar, ³⁴S/³²S, ⁶⁵Cu/⁶³Cu, ⁶²Ni/⁶⁰Ni, ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr, ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd, ^206–208Pb/²⁰⁴Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others.     

Comparative study of As,Cd, Cu,Cr, Mg,Mn, Ni,Pb and Zn concentrations between sediment and water from estuary and port

The contents of As, Cd, Cu, Cr, Mg, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn have been determined in sediment and water samples from Valle de las Garzas estuary and Port Manzanillo (Colima, Mexico) using ICP-AES. The concentrations of these elements were used for a comparative study to determine the distribution of heavy metals and to evaluate which elements reflect natural or anthropogenic backgrounds. For this purpose, seven sampling points were selected: Four of them correspond to the lagoon, and three were situated in the port. Statistical analysis of the mineral content was assessed. Initially, data comparison was assessed by statistical tests for each variable. Principal component analysis was then applied considering the influence of all variables at the same time by obtaining the distribution of samples according to their scores in the principal component space. In this way, four studies were carried out: (1) study of sediments collected during the dry season; (2) study of sediments collected during the rainy season; (3) comparative study between sediments from rainy and dry season; and (4) study of water composition collected during rainy season. From the results of the performed analyses, it can be concluded that metals distribution pattern reflected natural and anthropogenic backgrounds (e.g., sediments from the lagoon, situated at the beginning of the rain channel, presented high contents of Zn and Cu, perhaps related to anthropogenic activities or the influence of igneous sediments).