关于江苏建湖庆丰剖面全新世沉积环境与海面变化关系的讨论

应用有孔虫、介形虫、软体动物和现代沉积环境等方面的研究成果,对江苏建湖庆丰剖面所显示的全新世沉积环境和海面变化进行讨论。认为在露头上大量原地埋藏的软体动物壳体指示环境的作用比有孔虫埋藏群更有意义。庆丰剖面所揭示的情况是 6 0 0 0～ 12 70aBP该地区一直处于潮间带-河口湾环境。 6 0 0 0aBP以前海面是上升的,6 0 0 0aBP达到了与现今海面相当的位置,其后海面是稳定的,看不出海面波动现象。     

江苏建湖地区全新世生物群和古环境

本文据古生物学和古生态学资料,论述了建湖地区全新世生物群的演替、海平面波动、古地理变迁和古气候变化。生物群资料证实,本区曾遭受两次海侵,全新世中期海侵规模大,为高海面期,属低能潮坪至潮下带上部浅水环境;其晚期海侵规模小,属潮上带环境。两次海侵期之间,出现一明显海退期。据孢粉资料计算,本区气候波动与全新世全球性气候变化规律一致。     

西藏洞错全新世早中期盐湖沉积的古气候记录

通过调查藏北高原腹地盐湖———洞错的Ⅰ阶地湖相化学沉积 ,发现硼砂及赋存 5层纯芒硝的完整沉积剖面。依据DZ0 1剖面的磁化率特征 ,结合韵律层的沉积学、盐类矿物学和14 C年代学 ,盐湖沉积物磁化率等恢复重建盐湖环境的替代性指标。指出洞错在全新世早、中期经历了潮湿温暖期(8470aBP ,可能至 10 5 0 0aBP± )→寒冷干旱期 (8470～ 8170aBP)→潮湿温暖期 (8170～ 75 90aBP)→气候频繁波动期 (75 90～ 740 0aBP ,寒冷大背景下三干三湿的气候演替 )→寒冷干旱期 (740 0～6 940aBP)→潮湿温和期 (6 940～ 6 6 2 0aBP)→寒冷干旱期 (6 6 2 0～ 6 410aBP)→温暖湿润时期(6 410aBP以后 ,可能至 330 0aBP)的演变过程。     

青藏高原日土地区全新世中期以来介形类和孢粉组合变化及其古环境意义

本文综合分析了青藏高原日土地区RT-1剖面中介形类和孢粉种类组合的变化,结合三个光释光测年数据,探讨了该地区6510aBP以来古环境、古气候的演变。分析表明:日土地区在全新世中期曾有一个温暖湿润期(6170～5540aBP),之后气候环境频繁波动,逐渐趋向冷干,接近现代气候环境。43～30kaBP期间在鲁玛江冬错和班公错之间的古泛湖解体后,日土地区因为地势低洼,而在当时成为一个封闭的水体,并且一度与相邻的班公错相连。当时的水体一直持续到全新世,在经历了全新世暖湿期时短暂的湖涨期以后,逐渐萎缩,至约1570～1380aBP最终干涸消失,形成现今地貌。研究表明全新世大暖期在本地区也有反映,但是在高原深部,大暖期更为短暂,气候波动更为频繁。     

苏州澄湖SC1孔晚更新世晚期以来的古环境演变研究

通过对苏州澄湖SC1孔沉积物的粒度、磁化率、孢粉和有孔虫等的实验分析,并结合沉积物的岩性构造特征以及AMS 14C测年数据,探讨了晚更新世晚期以来苏州澄湖地区的气候波动特征以及海侵、海退沉积巡回序列。研究发现该区域气候与世界气候波动性一致,具有温暖湿润-冷而略干-温暖湿润-暖热潮湿-温凉略干-温暖湿润的波动变化特征;晚更新世晚期以来具有两个海相沉积地层,一为晚更新世晚期海侵(约为34 kaBP),另一为全新世中期海侵(（6 955±50）aBP);整个剖面缺失硬粘土层,与之对应的则是两海相地层之间的泥砂互层;沉积环境经历了晚更新世晚期海侵期河床、河漫滩相-末次冰期干冷期河流湖沼相-全新世早期河口湾亚相-全新世中期滨浅海相-全新世晚期淡水湖沼相的演变过程。     

海南岛北部全新世最大海侵古岸线的发现及其意义

全新世大暖期的最大海侵对沿海地区具有深刻影响,但是海南岛北部全新世的最大海侵范围研究较少。本研究利用高精度DEM数据解译以及野外钻探验证,发现海南岛北部全新世精确的最大海侵古岸线空间展布位置,其总面积约260 km2,其中约115 km2属于现今的江东新区规划建设范围内,占整个江东新区规划面积的38%。海南岛北部全新世最大海侵古海岸线的发现,不仅对理解南海全新世高海平面特征及规律提供琼北地区新证据,并且对海南自贸区（江东新区）应对未来海平面升高问题提供背景参照。     

海南岛北部全新世最大海侵古岸线的发现及其意义

全新世大暖期的最大海侵对沿海地区具有深刻影响,但是海南岛北部全新世的最大海侵范围研究较少。本研究利用高精度DEM数据解译以及野外钻探验证,发现海南岛北部全新世精确的最大海侵古岸线空间展布位置,其总面积约260 km²,其中约115 km²属于现今的江东新区规划建设范围内,占整个江东新区规划面积的38%。海南岛北部全新世最大海侵古海岸线的发现,不仅对理解南海全新世高海平面特征及规律提供琼北地区新证据,并且对海南自贸区(江东新区)应对未来海平面升高问题提供背景参照。     

陕西岐山黄土剖面 Rb、Sr组成与高分辩率气候变化

陕西岐山五里铺全新世黄土剖面层次结构清晰完整。通过对该剖面Rb、Sr含量和磁化率系统测定表明 ,黄土中Rb、Sr含量和Rb/Sr值明显不同于古土壤。它们作为气候替代指标比磁化率更灵敏 ,分辩率更高。Rb、Sr高含量及低Rb/Sr值指示冬季风占优势的干旱期 ,相对低的Rb、Sr含量及高的Rb/Sr值指示夏季风占优势的湿润时期。揭示在大约 6 0 0 0～ 5 0 0 0aBP曾出现一次以干旱为特征的明显气候恶化期 ,使全新世“大暖期”分裂形成两个主要的成壤期。黄土高原南部自全新世以来 ,经历了黄土沉积→土壤发育→黄土覆盖→土壤再度发育→黄土堆积及现代表土的发展演化阶段。     

河北雄县全新世中期海侵地层的发现

渤海湾全新世海侵是第四纪晚期全球气候变化的重要事件,以往研究表明渤海湾西岸全新世海侵已经深入到文安县。本次研究在文安县西北30km的雄县15BZ02剖面第8层底部灰褐色粉砂中发现大量缢蛏新种,壳体呈斜交或垂直层面产出,反映了潮间带中下部的内湾、河口环境。同时,在该层段发现了海相介形虫Tanella opima。由此推断,渤海湾西岸海侵于全新世中期(6970～6670cal a BP)达到最大范围,海水曾经到达雄县北。     

江苏省里下河(兴化-泰州)地区浅表沉积物特征及古地理环境演变

里下河地区浅部沉积物多为全新世中、晚期堆积,多数地区缺失全新世早期沉积。沉积物以淤泥质亚粘土、亚粘土、亚砂土,粉砂质淤泥、淤泥质粉砂、淤泥及泥炭为特征。沉积前的古地貌为四周高、中间低的碟形盆地。古气候经历了温湿—暖湿—温湿—温干的变化过程。区内曾有两次海侵,第一次海侵发生在全新世早中期,范围几乎遍及全区;第二次海侵发生在全新世晚期,规模小、范围窄、时间短,为海水沿江河倒灌、回溯形起。该区古环境自全新世以来经历了浅水海湾—古泻湖—湖沼地及平原的演变过程,最终形成现今河湖稠密的低凹平原。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861