应用地球物理方法寻找隐伏矿床

在金属矿勘探的发展过程中，地球物理的重要作用逐渐崭露头角．随着地球物理认识的不断深化，特别是地球物理勘探方法、仪器设备以及资料处理的长足进步，使得其勘探能力迅速提高．在当前攻深找盲、寻找大矿的需求下，地球物理勘探不应将自己局限于具体矿床勘探的战术作用，虽然这方面的勘探能力有了很大发展，然而更重要的是地球物理勘探应该而且可能在找矿的宏观战略方面作出重大贡献．     

油气勘探综合地球物理研究方法综述

目前我国油气勘探难度不断加大，前新生代海相碳酸盐岩残留量地已成为我国油气资源二次创业的突破口。面对复杂地质体，只有综合应用各种地球物理现到数据，各种方法采长补短才能获得对目标的较全面地认识。本文阐述了油气勘探进行踪合地球物理研究的必要性、综合地球物理研究方法的应用现状和主要进展以及研究方法，指出油气勘探的发展方向要走综合地球物理研究的路子、区域制约局部，深层约数浅层是综合地球物理研究的原则；物性的研究是综合地球物理的前提；而联合反演是综合地球物理的实质。通过对综合地球物理研究成功实例的总结，提出综合地球物理研究中的难点和待解决的问题，指出了今后综合地球物理的发展方向。     

桂地区页岩油气地球物理勘探现状及展望

“十三五”规划中桂地区页岩气基础地质调查地球物理勘探正有序开展。桂地区页岩油气地球物理勘探基础较薄弱,如何有效开展地球物理勘探是当前基础地质调查重要课题。着重阐述了桂周边地区页岩油气地球物理勘探研究现状,指出桂周边地区页岩油气地球物理勘探技术成熟并取得了进展性突破。基于桂地区与其周边地区页岩油气地质条件具有较好可比性,重点讨论了周边地区页岩油气地球物理勘探成功经验对桂地区页岩油气地球物理勘探工作开展的几点认识及展望。指出今后开展桂地区页岩油气地球物理勘探及评价项目中需要注意的几个研究方向,即稳健推广二维地震勘探、优先发展2.5维电磁勘探、加强系统物性测试与分析、重磁电震综合为终极目标,为实际勘探开展奠定理论基础。      

中美石油地球物理勘探联合学术讨论会在北京举行

中国地球物理学会与美国地球物理勘探工作者协会于1981年9月7日至11日在北京共同举办了石油地球物理勘探联合学术讨论会。双方与会者各为40人。中方代表是正在从事石油地球物理勘探工作的总地球物理师、地球物理师、总工程师、工程师、科研人员和教员;美方代表有石油地球物理勘探方面的专家、教授和工程师。双方代表在会上提出的论文共68篇,美方38篇,中方30篇;其内容绝大部分是属于地震勘探的方法、原理、数据的取得和处理方面的成果,也有些是就一个地震勘探问题的综     

页岩气勘探中的地球物理方法综述及展望

地球物理方法是页岩气勘探中最有效、最准确的预测方法之一.在调研国内外利用地球物理方法勘探页岩气研究成果的基础上,分析总结了页岩气勘探中最有效的地震和测井法对页岩气的响应特征,讨论了常规油气勘探中已获得成功的电磁法、重磁勘探以及综合地球物理方法在页岩气勘探中的应用;对我国页岩气勘探技术的发展进行了展望,为我国页岩气勘探与开发提供参考.     

中国当代地球物理学的开拓者——顾功叙

著名地球物理学家顾功叙是我国地球物理勘探工作的开创者。早在30年代他就在云贵山区开展野外物理探矿。新中国成立后,他在黑色金属、有色金属、煤田和油气田的勘探中发挥了重要作用,培养造就了大批科技人才。他在耄耋之年仍不遗余力探索地球物理勘探和地震学的战略问题。     

黑岚沟金矿的综合地球物理研究

综合地球物理方法寻找隐伏金矿是一种行之有效的方法。由于各种地球物理方法都是建立在各自的岩石物性基础之上的,如何将各种地球物理方法有效的组合在一起,充分发挥各自的方法优势,逐步缩小勘探靶区,最终达到勘探隐伏金矿的目的一直是勘探地球物理工作者追寻的目标。     

美国勘探地球物理工作者协会代表团来华访问

由会长巴曼先生率领的美国勘探地球物理工作者协会(SEG)代表团一行十二人及四位夫人于1982年9月18日到达北京,受到了中国地球物理学会和中国石油学会及其所属石油地球物理勘探学会的热烈欢迎。 在访问期间,代表团分别与中国石油学会石油地球物理勘探学会和中国地球物理学会有关负责人就发展今后学会之间的学术交流和友好往来进行了会谈。双方对1978年以来互相学术交流和友好往     

学会召开地热物探学术讨论会

中国地球物理学会于1981年12月2日至8日在福州市召开了地热地球物理勘探学术讨论会。全国从事地热工作的163位代表参加了会议。会议收到论文或报告75篇。论文宣读分大会或小会交叉进行。在分组讨论中,代表们就地热地球物理勘探的理论、方法和勘探实例进行了学术交流,对国外这     

SQUID及在地球物理中的应用

SQUID(Superconducting Quantum Interference Device)技术(特别是高温SQUID)的发展，为地球物理探测技术的发展提供了巨大潜力，基于SQUID技术开发的地球物理探测系统不仅具有精度高、分辨率高的优点，而且仪器系统轻便，在野外实验和应用取得了巨大的进展，本文将近年SQUID技术应用于地球物理取得的进展进行了简要的总结，并阐述它了在地球物理勘探领域的广阔应用。     

水质较好湖泊环境保护的理论基础及中国实践

目前,我国湖泊富营养化及蓝藻水华问题十分突出,国家高度重视湖泊的生态环境保护.自“九五”以来,国家就投入太湖、巢湖、滇池“老三湖”等重污染湖泊的治理,但成本巨大,且历经近30年才初见成效.按照湖泊污染程度,湖泊治理与保护可分为“污染治理型”“防治结合型”“生态保育型”3大类.“老三湖”的治理是典型的“先污染、后治理”的模式,水质较好湖泊主要属于生态保育型湖泊,因此,“老三湖”治理模式不适用于水质较好湖泊的保护.本文系统总结了我国水质较好湖泊优先保护理念的形成和水质较好湖泊专项实施的历程.根据水质较好湖泊的特点,及其生态系统退化与修复的一般过程,提出了水质较好湖泊保护的基本思路.从热力学角度,阐明了氮磷营养盐输入湖泊生态系统中是熵增过程,也是湖泊生态系统退化的根本原因,湖泊氮磷污染负荷源头控制是关键.湖泊流域生态安全格局是确保湖泊生态系统健康的基础,从景观生态学角度,阐明了优化湖泊流域水土资源利用、优化发展模式是减轻湖泊环境压力的重要途径.在浅水湖泊生态系统,以沉水植物占优势的“清水态”和以浮游植物占优势的“浊水态”转换过程不是沿着同一条途径,存在上临界阈值和下临界阈值,水生态修复过程表现出一种迟滞的现象.从湖泊水生态系统稳态转换理论角度,阐明了湖泊生态修复工程应在湖泊生态系统发生退化转变之前实施,才能获得较高的环境效益.通过国家财政专项对81个水质较好湖泊的支持,既能促进湖泊流域经济社会发展,又能确保湖泊水环境质量变好,湖泊水生态系统逐步改善.建议加强不同类型湖泊保护模式的总结,深入对水质较好湖泊生态系统演替理论和保护技术研究,支撑国家系统开展水质较好湖泊保护.     

福建地区流体对2007年4次4级地震映震特征分析

通过对2007年福建地区4次4级地震的震例分析, 认为福建地区流体对内陆中等地震具有如下映震特征: ① 地震前兆表现为不同测项在时间上呈有规律的层次发展且均以短临、 临震和短期异常为主; ② 模拟观测井孔的映震效能好于数字化观测井孔, 其中水氡、 水质是福建地区的特征灵敏组分; ③ 温泉井孔的映震效能好于普通井孔; ④ 异常台项数取决于震级和震中周围的观测点数目。 同时指出今后要根据区域特征, 有重点地加大映震灵敏井孔和灵敏组分的观测、 科学布网、 合理建点, 使各种前兆观测成场成网; 建立一批符合地震监测预报要求的高质量水观测点, 更有效地为地震分析预报服务。     

多分辨分析理论在井-震匹配中的应用

简单介绍了多分辨率逼近理论,详尽分析了地震与声测井资料在尺度上的差异,进而提出了一种解决井-震尺度差异的新方法--多分辨率逼近方法。通过理论模型及实际资料算例验证了该方法的有效性,并且与常用的抗混频滤波方法进行了比较。结果表明,多分辨率逼近方法更能保持信号的局部化性质,使地震与声波测井资料能更好地匹配。     

Evaluation and comparison of interpolated gauge rainfall data and gridded rainfall data in Florida,USA

A variety of spatially continuous rainfall products are available but little evaluation of their accuracy has been published for areas with high spatial variability in rainfall. Five gridded rainfall products (PRISM, RTMA, and the interpolated Florida Automated Weather Network, FAWN, rainfall layers based on three interpolated methods) were assessed for Florida State. Point-to-pixel and pixel-to-pixel comparisons were performed to compare the five products. On average, the PRISM and RTMA products resulted in a better fit with the daily FAWN rainfall datasets, while FAWN-based interpolated products resulted in a better fit with the monthly FAWN rainfall datasets based on point-to-pixel analysis. Inverse distance weighting and ordinary kriging methods performed slightly better than the thin plate spline method in predicting daily rainfall. In general, monthly and seasonal rainfall amounts from PRISM and RTMA products were higher and lower, respectively, than reference rainfall amounts from FAWN gauge stations and FAWN-based interpolated products.     

Tectonomicrobiology: A new paradigm for geobiological research

Geomicrobiology is a sub-discipline of geobiology and emphasizes the interaction between microorganisms and their environment on Earth. There is a need to explicitly emphasize the biogeochemical processes performed by microorganisms associated with Earth’s tectonic activities, especially under the framework of the modern theory of plate tectonics. Tectonomicrobiology aims to create a better synergy between microbial and active tectonic processes. This explicit synergy should also foster better communications between solid Earth scientists and life scientists in terms of holistic Earth system dynamics at both tectonic and micro-scales.     

Point and fault rupture stochastic methods for generating simulated accelerograms considering soil effects for structural analysis

Many seismic codes such as the Eurocode 8 allow the use of simulated accelerograms for structural analysis, provided that the samples used are adequately qualified with regard to the seismogenetic features of the sources and to the soil conditions appropriate to the site. In the present work we studied the possibility of using stochastic methods for that purpose. In that context, two computer programs for stochastic ground motion simulation considering soil effects were developed: ACELGER based on a point source model, and SIMULSIS based on a finite fault model. Both programs were used to simulate the 1992 Landers earthquake for their validation. Simulation results obtained with these programs were compared between each other to better understand the influence of source fault plane geometry in structural response. Results seem to indicate that finite fault models are better options for structural analysis, because only with them it is possible to reproduce directivity effects and non stationary structural response observed with recorded accelerograms. SIMULSIS was also used to carry out the simulation of the 1980 Azores earthquake (January 1, 1980, Portugal) in two islands, with different local site conditions, which were compared with observed damages, to better understand the influence of soil geology in structural response, and showed that site effects have a major importance in structural behaviour.     

IMPROVEMENT OF OBSERVATION ACCURACY OF THE LACOSTE-ROMBERG (MODEL D) GRAVITY METER BY SUPPLEMENTARY INSTALLATION OF ELECTRONIC FEEDBACK1

Recent years have seen an increasing need for high-precision gravity meters. A widely used and the most accurate one is the LaCoste-Romberg, model D (LCR-D) meter, equipped with electronic readout. According to the manual the reading accuracy is 5 μGal. A way of reducing most of the instrumental factors limiting the accuracy is the use of an electronic feedback system. We have fitted the LCR-D 34 with a Schnüll-Röder-Wenzel, model D (SRW-D) feedback. After installation the readout voltage was calibrated, the instrumental behaviour tested, and the accuracy of the system determined. By repeat readings in the laboratory without moving the meter, the standard deviation for a single reading is better than 4 μGal in normal mode and better than 1 μGal in feedback mode. The accuracy of gravity differences - this is usually observed in field practice - is the mean value of the repeat errors of several sets of differences observed in a short time to avoid any corrections. This accuracy is better than 9 μGal in normal mode and better than 5 μGal in feedback mode. With this, the accuracy of a single reading becomes more than 6 μGal and more than 3 μGal, respectively. As the described improvement of accuracy was found to be not as good as expected, additional improvements should centre on the use of electronic levels instead of the standard liquid ones.     

地震信号内插与噪音剔除（二）

本文是文献[1]的续篇。前文已介绍一维情况下的信号内插的最佳内插算子,提出了一种可以在空间域较彻底地剔除干扰波的检噪算子。本文将其推广到二维情况,讨论二维F-K域中的信号内插及噪音剔除技术。二维噪音剔除可以在信噪比很低的记录上分离出信号来。通过试验说明,噪音剔除比常规的二维滤波好。     

Using regional regression within index flood procedures and an empirical Bayesian estimator

Studies have illustrated the performance of at-site and regional flood quantile estimators. For realistic generalized extreme value (GEV) distributions and short records, a simple index-flood quantile estimator performs better than two-parameter (2P) GEV quantile estimators with probability weighted moment (PWM) estimation using a regional shape parameter and at-site mean and L-coefficient of variation (L-CV), and full three-parameter at-site GEV/PWM quantile estimators. However, as regional heterogeneity or record lengths increase, the 2P-estimator quickly dominates. This paper generalizes the index flood procedure by employing regression with physiographic information to refine a normalized T-year flood estimator. A linear empirical Bayes estimator uses the normalized quantile regression estimator to define a prior distribution which is employed with the normalized 2P-quantile estimator. Monte Carlo simulations indicate that this empirical Bayes estimator does essentially as well as or better than the simpler normalized quantile regression estimator at sites with short records, and performs as well as or better than the 2P-estimator at sites with longer records or smaller L-CV.     

2D电阻率正反演成像在水平和垂直模型上的异常响应研究

2D电阻率成像技术近年来被广泛应用于工程、水文、环境和矿产等领域,在实际应用中它具有多种的装置类型,不同的装置类型对特定的地质情况有不同的应用效果.本文通过采用Wenner、Wenner-Schlumberger和dipole-dipole三种排列装置在一个水平和一个垂直模型上正演模拟和块反演,揭示了不同的排列装置在水平结构和垂直结构的异常响应,并对高阻体和低阻体进行了模拟.结果显示当采用Wenner,Wenner-Schlumberger和dipole-dipole数据采集技术时,不同的模型结构异常响应有明显的不同,三种排列类型对地下低阻体的分辨能力均高于高阻体,Wenner装置和dipole-dipole装置分别对水平层状结构和垂直结构有较好的分辨力,wenner-Schlumberger装置对水平层状结构有好的分辨力,对垂直结构有中等的分辨能力.