Intracontinental Collisional Orogeny During Late Permian-Middle Triassic in South China: Sedimentary Records of the Shiwandashan Basin

Sedimentary response to an orogenic process is important for determining whether South China had compressional or extensional orogeny during the period from the Late Permian to the Middle Triassic besides the tectonic and magmatologic evidence. An intracontinental collision event took place between the Yangtze and Cathaysia blocks in the Late Permian. Beginning at the Late Triassic, the tectonic movement was completely changed in nature and entered a post-collisional extensional orogenic and basin-making process. This paper presents sedimentological evidence from the Late Permian to the Middle Triassic in the Shiwandashan basin at the southwestern end of the junction zone between the Yangtze and Cathaysia blocks.     

太行山—燕山地区中生代花岗岩生成动力学机制与陆内造山作用

本文探讨了太行山－燕山地区中生代花岗岩生成动力学机制及其与陆内造山作用的成生关系。从总结花岗岩浆活动一般规律入手,论述了岩浆源区源岩性质、物理化学条件、深部过程等对花岗岩浆生成的制约,提出并论证了一个新的比较合理的板内岩浆活动成因模型。通过分析,得出了一个重要的新结论：本区中生代花岗岩的形成是克拉通活化的结果。     

华南古海洋热水沉积作用研究概述及若干认识

华南地区热水沉积建造发育,在沉积建造类型、沉积作用方式、产出的大地构造背景及岩石地球化学特征等方面反映了热水沉积的多样性。该地区的热水沉积作用具有相对确定的演化特性,并与许多金属矿床有直接或间接的关系。     

华南构造演化的基本特征

华南至少经历了4期区域规模的大陆动力学过程,除新元古代和晚中生代具有活动陆缘背景外,均在板块内部发生并完成。华夏块体是一个以新元古代岩石为主体构成的前南华纪基底,不是稳定的克拉通古陆,经历了聚合-裂解-再聚合的复杂构造演化。志留纪发生的板内碰撞-拼合事件使华夏块体与扬子块体再次缝合,形成真正统一的中国南方大陆。在震旦纪—早侏罗世期间,整个华南基本处于陆内滨海-浅海-斜坡环境, 内部没有切穿岩石圈的断层,没有大规模幔源岩浆和火山喷发的记录,多次构造变形与岩浆活动均在统一的华南岩石圈之上进行。经过早—中侏罗世的构造体制转换,才演化成为晚中生代西太平洋活动大陆边缘的一部分。从早到晚,华南岩石圈经历了多期、幕式的生长,以侧向增生为主(块体拼合),垂向生长为辅(岩浆上侵)。到晚中生代,在古太平洋板块俯冲和陆内伸展的背景下,形成了独特的华南盆岭构造。长期的板内构造演化和多期的花岗岩浆活动使华南具有很好的成矿条件,成为各种矿产与资源的富集区。新元古代南华纪和晚中生代晚侏罗世—早白垩世是华南最有利的成矿期,尤以后者矿种最多、储量最大。     

华南构造演化的基本特征

华南至少经历了4期区域规模的大陆动力学过程,除新元古代和晚中生代具有活动陆缘背景外,均在板块内部发生并完成。华夏块体是一个以新元古代岩石为主体构成的前南华纪基底,不是稳定的克拉通古陆,经历了聚合-裂解-再聚合的复杂构造演化。志留纪发生的板内碰撞-拼合事件使华夏块体与扬子块体再次缝合,形成真正统一的中国南方大陆。在震旦纪—早侏罗世期间,整个华南基本处于陆内滨海-浅海-斜坡环境,内部没有切穿岩石圈的断层,没有大规模幔源岩浆和火山喷发的记录,多次构造变形与岩浆活动均在统一的华南岩石圈之上进行。经过早—中侏罗世的构造体制转换,才演化成为晚中生代西太平洋活动大陆边缘的一部分。从早到晚,华南岩石圈经历了多期、幕式的生长,以侧向增生为主(块体拼合),垂向生长为辅(岩浆上侵)。到晚中生代,在古太平洋板块俯冲和陆内伸展的背景下,形成了独特的华南盆岭构造。长期的板内构造演化和多期的花岗岩浆活动使华南具有很好的成矿条件,成为各种矿产与资源的富集区。新元古代南华纪和晚中生代晚侏罗世—早白垩世是华南最有利的成矿期,尤以后者矿种最多、储量最大。     

The Yanshanian Orogeny and Two Kinds of Yanshanides in Eastern-Central China

The Tan-Lu Fault was once a transform fault in the Paleotethys, west of which was the Qinling-Dabie Ocean separating the Yangtze Craton from the North China Craton, and east of which was the Su-Lu Ocean separating the Su-Wan Block from the Jiao-Liao Craton. The Qinling-Dabie Ocean closed in the Indosinian orogeny, which created the China-Southeast Asia Subcontinent, with the Tan-Lu Fault becoming a marginal shear zone along the newly-formed amalgamated subcontinent. The Su-Lu Ocean subducted partly in the Indosinian.orogeny, but not closed. In the Jurassic and Early Cretaceous, the Su-Wan Block drifted northwards with subduction of the Su-Lu Ocean and moved westwards to converge the subcontinent by sinistral sheafing of the ENE-striking fractures. The Su-Lu Ocean finally closed and the Su-Wan Block collided with the Jiao-Liao Craton in the Early Cretaceous, which constituted a part of the magnificent interplate Yanshanides. The interplate orogeny rejuvenated the fossil sutures and deep fractures, as well as the Indosinian orogen, and the intraplate （intracontinental） Yanshanian orogeny occurred in the subcontinent. The East Asia Yanshanides, consisting of the interplate orogens in the outer side and the intraplate orogens in the inner side, collapsed quickly in the latest Early Cretaceous and Late Cretaceous. The eastern China area entered a tensile period from the Eogene, and the tectonic differentiation between the central and eastern China areas since the Jurassic was further strengthened.     

华南新元古代玄武质岩石成因与构造意义：从造山运动到陆内裂谷

华南广泛发育新元古代岩浆岩,深入了解这些新元古代岩浆岩的成因对研究区域大地构造及其在Rodinia超大陆的聚合一裂解演化中的作用有重要意义.目前学术界对这些岩浆岩的成因及其大地构造意义还存在很大的分歧.我们在系统分析华南新元古代玄武质岩石地球化学特征的基础上,通过对这些玄武质岩石的原始熔体成分和熔体温度,探讨其地幔源区的组成和热结构,为其形成的构造背景提供新的约束;结合近期发表的各种地质观察资料和玄武质岩石的研究结果,提出了华南晚中元古代.新元古代中期从造山运动到陆内裂谷的地球动力学演化的模型.     

华南早中生代大地构造过程

华南地区早中生代经历了强烈的构造变形和岩浆活动,构造动力体制发生了重大的转换.这个时期大地构造过程及其发生的构造动力学背景一直是地学界争议的焦点同题之一.本文在系统总结前人工作成果的基础上,论述了华南早中生代构造变形样式和岩浆活动序列,区分了印支构造事件和早燕山构造事件及其产生的地质效应.研究结果表明,印支构造事件发生于中、晚三叠世(245～225 Ma),构造运动产生的变形形迹主要表现为近东西向褶皱和冲断-推覆构造以及NE-NNE向左旋走滑韧性剪切,其动力与华南-华北板块沿秦岭-大别造山带的陆-陆碰撞和华南地块南缘古特提斯洋的俯冲增生作用有关.这次挤压构造事件导致华南东部加里东褶皱基底强烈复活,地壳重熔型花岗岩沿十万大山-云开大山-武夷山构造带和雪峰山地区分布.早侏罗世早期(205～190 Ma)在华南存在一个岩浆活动沉寂期,早侏罗世晚期(190～180 Ma)沿南岭构造带发育具有伸展特征的A型花岗岩和双峰式火山岩.起始于中侏罗世晚期(～170 Ma)的早燕山构造事件,在华南形成了宽1300 km、NE-NNE向褶皱逆冲构造系统,地壳增厚作用和壳幔相互作用导致了软弱的华夏加里东褶皱基底的再次强烈复活,诱发了强烈的岩浆活动,东南沿海地区火山弧相继出现.这期构造事件记录了东部大洋板块向华南大陆之下低角度俯冲作用过程,并主导了华南晚中生代一系列陆内构造和岩浆活动.     

南海华南陆缘中生界层序地层模式与海平面变化

华南陆缘中生界地层以广东省出露最广,这套地层为陆源碎屑沉积岩,局部为火山岩。上三叠统—上白垩统划分为2个巨层序、7个超层序和15个层序。沉积充填序列展示出本地区经历了海侵-海退过程,沉积环境由海相转化为陆相环境。3个级别的海平面变化控制了层序、超层序和巨层序的发育。粤中--粤东地区中生界发育的Ⅲ级层序可归纳出3种类型:浅水型、深水型和湖盆型;浅水型层序又可以分为浅水Ⅰ型和浅水Ⅱ型。     

大兴安岭中生代伸展造山过程中的岩浆作用

概括地介绍了大兴安岭中生代伸展造山过程,重点讨论了晚中生代火山岩、深成岩的岩石学及同位素地球化学特征：存在一套板内拉张环境下的Ａ 型花岗岩,火山岩为一套钾质粗面质岩石,大多数花岗岩和火山岩具有低的Ｎ（８７Ｓｒ）／ Ｎ（８６Ｓｒ） 值（０７０４ ～０７０８） 和正的ε（Ｎｄ ,ｔ） （１ ～４） 值,据此认为这是底侵作用形成的一套壳 幔混熔岩浆的产物,结合岩浆喷发与侵位过程中的伸展构造分析,认为这是大陆内部伸展造山的重要证据。此外,笔者还在该区发现早中生代的一套幔源镁铁质堆晶岩和侵入岩、早 中侏罗世及早白垩世的基性岩墙群、早白垩世（１３０ ～１２０ Ｍａ） 超基性的角闪岩、玻基橄辉岩和碱性橄榄玄武岩。由此可以证明,大兴安岭晚中生代的花岗岩 火山岩活动只是伸展背景下的岩浆演化的一个阶段。     

Mesozoic Large-scale Mineralization and Multiple Lithospheric Extensions in South China

South China is the most important polymetallic （tungsten, tin, bismuth, copper, silver, antimony, mercury, rare metals, heavy rare earth elements, gold and lead-zinc） province in China. This paper describes the basic characteristics of Mesozoic large-scale mineralization in South China. The large-scale mineralization mainly took place in three intervals： 170-150 Ma, 140-126 Ma and 110-80 Ma. Among these the first stage is mainly marked by copper, lead-zinc and tungsten mineralization and the third stage is mainly characterized by tin, gold, silver and uranium mineralization. The stage of 140-126 Ma mainly characterized by tungsten and tin mineralization is a transitional interval from the first to the third stage. In fight of the current research results of the regional tectonic evolution it is proposed that the large-scale mineralization in the three stages is related to post-collision between the South China block and the North China block, transfer of the principal stress-field of tectonic regimes from N-S to E-W direction, and multiple back-arc lithospheric extensions caused by subduction of the Paleo-Pacific plate.     

华南地区中生代多金属矿床形成与地幔柱关系

华南地区中生代多金属矿床形成与地幔柱关系毛景文李红艳王登红彭聪（中国地质科学院矿床地质研究所,北京１０００３７）关键词多金属矿床地幔柱构造华南地区在华南地区,中生代有大量花岗质岩浆的侵位和成矿,形成了以柿竹园钨多金属矿床、大厂和个旧超大型锡多金属矿床...     

燕山地区中生代岩浆活动特征及其与陆内造山作用关系

本文将燕山地区广泛分布的中生代岩浆活动划分为４个阶段,８个期次;并对火成岩的基本类型,产状,分布和岩石化学特征进行总结,分别阐述了火岩岩和侵入岩形成的构造环境,论述了构造运动导致的岩浆活动与陆内造山作用过程,笔者着重指出,多期次岩浆活动是造山运动的直接产物,火成岩系列与岩石化学特征指示的构造环境表明,燕山地区在中生代为一陆内造山带,其构造演化的主要特征是反转构造发育。     

华南早古生代陆内造山演化

华南早古生代造山带的构造属性长期缺乏统一的定论,且此次构造事件的形成机制与动力学背景研究较少。本文在前人研究成果的基础上,综合沉积环境、岩浆作用与岩浆来源、构造变形以及变质作用等地质证据,再次审视华南早古生代的构造演化过程。研究表明：1）华南广泛发育泥盆系与下伏前泥盆纪地层之间的角度不整合面,早古生代沉积相自江南区到华夏区呈过渡渐变,无同期火山碎屑岩、含鲍马序列的浊积岩等洋盆相关的记录;2）华南出露大规模弥散型面状分布的S型花岗岩,结晶年龄集中于443～423 Ma,在任何方向均无新老演化趋势,且岩浆主要来自壳源物质的熔融再循环,几乎无幔源物质加入;3）华南早古生代以低绿片岩相变质作用为主,仅陈蔡、龙游等地区零星出露绿片岩相—麻粒岩相变质岩;变质时间与岩浆结晶年龄相近,变质P-T-t轨迹均为近等温降压的顺时针轨迹;4）华南早古生代绝大部分构造线为近S-N与NE方向,变形作用以韧性流变为主,以武夷山瑞金—遂昌为轴呈双向逆冲推覆构造模式。根据以上地质事实,本文推断华南早古生代构造事件属性为陆内造山,即华南板块边缘汇聚碰撞产生的应力,经岩石圈远距离传播至大陆内部的远程响应。     

近十五年来蛋化石研究概况

1993年至2008年是中国蛋化石研究不断扩展与深入的时期.这期间的研究更注重于解决盆地地层与蛋化石演化序列间的联系;开展了翼龙化石胚胎学研究;通过分子古生物学分析,尝试了获取古代DNA的方法;河南西峡恐龙蛋化石博物馆的建立,成为展示这一阶段进展的突出标志.特别是近几年来,通过大量资料积累,发现并揭示出恐龙蛋的变异类型与鸟蛋问的联系,由此填补了从恐龙到鸟的演化过程中蛋壳形态结构变化的空白.文中还介绍了我国自垩纪几个沉积盆地的生物地层和一些具有特色的蛋化石种类:提出了新的蛋化石分类意见,以及与蛋化石有关的生存行为方面的思考.     

中国东部中生代软流层上涌造山作用

中国东部中生代造山带不同于陆缘俯冲作用和陆间大陆碰撞造山带,也不是陆缘和陆间碰撞造山带发展演化的某一个特定阶段的产物。它是一种由深部软流层上涌造山作用形成的一个新类型的造山带,又称东亚型造山作用。它的造山作用过程是:(1)早中生代(230～180Ma)的前和初始造山幕,深部软流层物质上涌和底侵作用导致冷、强的大陆岩石圈地幔线状破裂与局部拆沉;(2)中、晚侏罗世(180～140Ma)主造山幕,软流层大规模上涌并沿着岩石圈底部壳-幔边界横向侵入和伸展,使垂向差异运动转变为水平挤压作用,结果地壳表层发生大规模的褶皱构造变形和推覆构造,使陆壳加厚形成山根,岩石圈根发生部分拆沉;(3)白垩纪(140～65Ma)的晚期造山幕,加厚的陆壳山根与岩石圈根的大规模拆沉,岩石圈进入全新的从挤压向伸展转变和巨大减薄阶段,软流层大规模上涌成山。     

U-Pb Zircon and Re-Os Molybdenite Geochronology of theW-Mo Mineralized Region of South Qinling,China, andtheir Tectonic Implications

A W-Mo mineralized region is located along the northern margin of the South Qinling tectonic belt of China. WMo mineralization occurs mainly in Cambrian–Ordovician clastic and carbonate rocks, and the ore bodies are structurally controlled by NW–SE-and NNE–SSW-striking faults. Evidence for magmatism in the area is widespread and is dominated by intermediate–felsic intrusives or apophyses, such as the Dongjiangkou, Yanzhiba, Lanbandeng, and Sihaiping granitic bodies. Quartz-vein-type mineralization and fault-controlled skarn-type mineralization dominate the ore systems, with additional enrichment in residual deposits. At present, there are few or insufficient studies on(1) the age of mineralization,(2) the relationship between intermediate–felsic granite and W-Mo mineralization,(3) the source of ore-forming materials,and(4) the metallogenic and tectonic setting of the mineralized area. In this paper, we present geochronology results for numerous intrusive granitic bodies in the South Qinling tectonic belt. U-Pb zircon geochronology of the Lanbandeng monzogranite and Wangjiaping biotite monzogranite yields ages of 222.7 ± 2.3 and 201.9 ± 1.8 Ma, respectively. In contrast to the Late Triassic age of the Lanbandeng monzogranite, the age of the newly discovered Wangjiaping biotite monzogranite places it at the Triassic–Jurassic boundary. Re-Os molybdenite geochronology on the Qipangou W-Mo deposit yielded a model age of 199.7 ± 3.9 Ma, indicating the deposit formed in the early Yanshanian period of the Early Jurassic. Granitoid intrusions in the mineralized area are characterized by composite granite bodies that crystallized at ca.240–190 Ma. While there were multiple stages of intrusion, most occurred at 210–220 Ma, with waning magmatic activity at 200–190 Ma. The Re-Os age of molybdenite in the region is ca. 200–190 Ma, which may represent a newly discovered period of W-Mo metallogenesis that occurred during the final stages of magmatism. The heat associated with this magmatism drove ore formation and might have provided additional ore-forming components for metallogenesis(represented by the Wangjiaping biotite monzogranite). Ore materials in the mineralized area were derived from mixed crustal and mantle sources. Enrichment of the region occurred during intracontinental orogenesis in the late Indosinian–Yanshanian, subsequent to the main Indosinian collision. At this time, the tectonic environment was dominated by extension and strike-slip motion.     

Cambrian Fossil Embryos from Western Hunan,South China

The exquisitely preserved fossil embryos of Markuelia recovered from the limestones of the Middle Cambrian Haoqiao Formation and Upper Cambrian Bitiao formation in western Hunan, South China are described and illustrated in detail for the first time.A new species Markuelia elegans sp.nov.is established based mainly on embryos from the Upper Cambrian.A few of animal's resting eggs,which are comparable with those of the Ediacaran Doushantuo Formation,have been also found in the Upper Cambrian of western Hu...     

湘东宏夏桥和板杉铺岩体LA-MC-ICPMS锆石U-Pb年龄及地质意义

运用阴极发光技术,对湖南东部宏夏桥和板杉铺岩体的锆石进行了内部结构分析,在此基础上利用LA-MC-ICPMS锆石U-Pb定年方法进行了同位素年代学测定。结果显示,宏夏桥2个黑云母花岗闪长岩样品分别给出了(421±2)Ma和(423±2)Ma的主体谐和年龄;板杉铺2个黑云母二长花岗岩样品给出了(422±2)Ma和(421±2)Ma的谐和年龄。这两岩体均为准铝质-过铝质花岗岩,具明显高Sr/Y和La/Yb比值和负εNd(t)值,与埃达克岩类似,推测它们为早古生代华南地壳缩短加厚和部分熔融作用的产物。综合区域岩浆和变形变质年龄,本文认为,华南早古生代陆内挤压造山作用发生于~460~420 Ma,以前泥盆纪地层广泛褶皱和大规模地壳重熔型岩浆活动、混合岩化作用、基底韧性剪切及高级变质作用为主;陆内造山后期的伸展松弛作用发生于~420~385 Ma,主要表现为后造山花岗岩形成、张扭性韧性剪切和退变质作用。