共查询到17条相似文献,搜索用时 187 毫秒
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通过超声地震模型试验,从能量角度研究地下地质结构(这里主要研究埋藏基岩断层及埋藏基岩面形态)对地震波传播的影响(以北京凹陷为例),同时还讨论了覆盖层对地震波传播的影响.研究表明,埋藏基岩断层的存在改变了地震波的频谱、持续时间及能量分布特征;埋藏基岩地形对地震波传播的影响表现为两方面:一是基岩面高低起伏造成接收从同一震源发射的地震波能量大小不一样:二是埋藏基岩面对地震波产生汇聚与发散作用.这两者共同作用的结果改变了地震能量分布特征.覆盖层对地震波具有吸收与放大双重作用.文中提出了用能量表征地震动强度的初步思想,并与用最大振幅表征地震动强度作了比较,结果表明前者比后者能更好地反映地下地质结构的影响. 相似文献
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浅层反射地震方法是城市活断层探测常用的技术,但在基岩埋深比较浅的地区,往往只能识别出基岩顶面的反射波,而仅根据反射地震剖面上单个同相轴的变化很难准确判定断层是否存在.浅层地层的错断往往会引起速度的横向变化,利用高分辨折射地震方法采集的数据,应用层析成像方法获得的速度剖面,能够反映地下速度结构的变化,可以从另一方面揭示浅层断层存在的可能性.在四川某地,将这两种方法同时应用于活断层浅层地震勘探中.结果表明,两种方法联合应用可在一定程度上弥补浅层反射地震勘探方法在基岩埋深较浅地区的不足. 相似文献
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(一) 在電測井的時候,工業交流電常常由於線路中存在漏電現象或感應现象而進入测量線路,有時还經過線间電容或由MN電極而進入測量線路。工業交流電的頻率一般是50週或60週,頻率已經相當高了,對電測電流計來說已超過其頻率響應範圍,不會影響测量結果。但是在作電阻法測井(KC)時,由於線 相似文献
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1.前言在地方性微弱地震的观測中,通常总是采用高灵敏度电流計記录地震仪借照相紙感光方法进行記录。但是采用电流計記录方法有它的弱点:首先,仪器的放大特性,在向更高的放大倍数,較寬的頻率特性方向的改善,受到了种种技术条件(如磁鋼強度等)的限制。其次,在高灵敏度电流計記录地震仪中,摆与电流計間的耦合系数口σ2不得不做得很大,因之无論在仪器的理論分析或实际測定它的工作常数,都增加了困难。 相似文献
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倾斜基岩上的土-框架相互作用研究 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
倾斜基岩上的框架是山地、丘陵地区多见的一种结构形式,但以往对其抗震性能研究很少。本文利用二次开发后的ANSYS对倾斜基岩上的框架的抗震性能进行了上下部相互作用分析。在研究中发现,考虑土一结相互作用后,结构的高阶振型在地震反应中的参与程度提高;可能在结构的地震反应傅里叶谱中形成双峰;并使地震反应沿结构高度的分布不再沿直线变化,而呈锯齿状分布。由于倾斜基岩将降低土层对地震波的放大作用,但基本不改变地基的卓越频率,因此倾斜基岩将会抑制上部结构的地震反应;而倾斜基岩上结构的地震反应分布将比相应平坦基岩上结构的地震反应分布更接近直线形分布,但变化形状基本相同。 相似文献
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Section of Electrical Prospecting Institute of Geophysics Meteorology Academia Sinica 《地球物理学报》1959,8(2):175-186
一、引言大地电流法和由它发展起来的大地电磁測探法是利用天然的大地电流和大地电磁場来勘探石油构造和研究大地构造的方法。近年来,由于石油勘探事业发展的需要,很多国家,特別是苏联在发展此方法方面取得了很多新的进展,例如研究高电阻屏蔽层下的結晶基岩面、利用大地电磁場各种頻率的电磁分量的比值进行地层区分等,这就更引起了大家的重視。 相似文献
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R. MJELDE 《Geophysical Prospecting》1992,40(6):605-617
P-wave and S-wave data acquired with vertical seismic profiling (VSP) often include tube waves propagating in the borehole, although considerable efforts are generally made to ensure that these waves are not recorded. However, several theoretical studies have indicated that tube waves could provide important information about the rock formation and thus should not be considered as pure noise. In order to study some of these aspects experimentally, tube waves were acquired by VSP in a well in the Paris Basin both before and after casing. A sparker was used as source inside the borehole, which ensured that the data recorded contained high-amplitude tube waves. It is shown that the casing is an obstacle which prevents the study of formation parameters, and thus further tube-wave acquisitions should be carried out in open holes only. The before-casing tube-wave reflection log is compared to a synthetic log computed from the sonic log. The high resolution of the tube waves is of particular interest, revealing layers that are too thin to be detected in body-wave surveys. It has recently been suggested that the projection of the tube-wave polarization in the horizontal plane can be used to determine directions of stress-induced anisotropy in the rock formation. Strong polarization anomalies are observed in the data sets but are attributed to tool problems rather than any rock-formation feature. 相似文献
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随着深井观测地震台网的进一步发展,在深井中获得的地震资料反映出了不少有意义的信息。本文对纵向不同深度上记录的地震波特征进行了分析和研究,探讨了纵向不同深度上各点之间记录的地震波走时差异和振幅差异的物理成因,指出了台基介质特性及空间状态(全空间或半空间)对地震波传播特征和记录特征的影响,并用软盖层效应加以统一解释。结果表明,在地下纵向不同深度上,自下而上直至地面,地震波的位移幅度逐渐放大、走时加长、周期变大;平原地区的松散沉积覆盖层对地震波产生放大、延时和滤波作用;在井下可以观测到向下传播的地面反射波,因而使得波列变复杂。 相似文献
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一、引言 地壳和上地幔顶部的构造,对研究地震发生、发展及演变过程的深部背景,以及划分地震活动块体和探讨地震成因有着重要的意义。然而地壳构造的研究,又是与地震学的发展密切相关。1909年,莫霍洛维奇在近震研究中,首先发现了地壳与上地幔分界面的首波,其覆盖层的平均速度 =6.3公里/秒,界面速度Vd=8.0公里/秒(简称M界面)。后于1923年,康拉德(conrad)也是根据天然地震资料鉴别出一个平均速度为=5.4 相似文献
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J. FERTIG 《Geophysical Prospecting》1984,32(1):1-17
The most common source of seismic energy is an explosion at some depth in a borehole. The radiated waves are reflected not only at the subsurface layers but also at the free surface. The earth's surface acts as a generator of both P- and S-waves. If the source depth is much less than the dominant wavelength the reflected waves resemble closely the waves generated by a single force. Theoretical seismograms were computed with different methods to look for the relevance of the surface-reflected waves. The numerical experiments show reflected shear waves even for small shotpoint—receiver distances. Due to their polarization these waves can be detected most easily on in-line horizontal geophones. The existence of these waves was examined during a conventional survey in Northern Germany. Conventional data analysis shows a large variability in the νp/νs ratio. The method used here produced a shear-wave section with a rather good signal-to-noise ratio down to 4 s S-wave reflection time. 相似文献
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Studies made on head waves in a large number of two-dimensional horizontal and inclined layer seismic models are described. The assumption that the amplitude of head wave decreases exponentially with distance is found to be valid in horizontal layers. For the correct estimation of the head wave decay coefficient, the decrease of amplitude due to the divergence of wave energy should always be considered. The variations of head wave amplitude at large distances from the source appear to follow the theory of Heelan (1953). It is, however, concluded that the theory can only be verified from the measurements in models which have large velocity contrast and thick layer at the top. A prominent interference phenomenon between the direct and head wave has been observed near the critical distance. This is more marked for up-dip profile in the case of inclined layer models. The rate of head wave amplitude decrease with distance beyond the zone of interference is found to depend on dip angle, direction of the dip, and velocity contrast. 相似文献