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利用地震矩张量演鲜水河断裂带现今运动学特征 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文探讨了利用地震矩反演断裂形变带运动学参数的基本理论和方法,将其初步应用于鲜水河断裂形变带变带分析和运动机制的研究。结果表明,鲜水河断裂带呈现出走向拉伸,倾向压缩的形变格局。由地震矩反演的断裂带剪切形变速率(10.9mm/a)与用地质学估算方法(17mm/a)和现今地过壳形变测量(8mm/a)的结果相当。同时,反演出的变主方向能解释鲜水河断裂现今活动分段性特征以及多种滑动方式共存的现状,从而证明 相似文献
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跨断层形变测量是在现今构造活动强烈的活断层主断面上进行的动态测量。鲜水河断裂、安宁河—则木河断裂及龙门山断裂是川西现今构造活动较强的断层。近20多年来,四川省地震局地震测量队在上述断裂上陆续布设了短水准、短基线、蠕变仪等测量手段,并取得了大量测量资料... 相似文献
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则木河断裂的现今活动方式及其地形变鉴别标志探讨 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
根据地壳形变测量资料,探讨了则木河断裂的现今活动方式及其定性的地形变鉴别标志问题。结果表明:则木河断裂的现今活动具有明显的分段性特征,即以大箐为界分为南北两段,北段以粘滑活动为主,南段以蠕滑活动为主;沿则木河断裂带垂直位移速率空间分布特征的显著差异,可以作为鉴别断裂现今活动方式的标志之一,其位移速率的相对大小,可作为鉴别断裂现今活动方式的一种参考标志 相似文献
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川滇地区现今地壳形变及其与强震时空分布的相关性研究 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:3
本文通过分析80年代以来的川滇地区跨断层形变测量资料、区域垂直形变测量资料及部分大区域GPS测量资料,认为该时间域内川滇地区地壳形变处于相对弱状态,并直接导致了自1981年道孚6.9级地震后至今川滇地区6级以上地震基本上未沿主边界断裂展布,且具有准顺时针旋转迁移的分布特征。基于此,认为未来几年内川滇地区地震危险性预测研究的重点应是川滇地区中部。最后根据现今地壳形变测量资料和地震分布特征提出了川滇地区活动地块时段性划分的概念,并给出了初步的划分结果。 相似文献
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浑河断裂带在前震旦纪就开始活动,中生代时期活动剧烈,至第三纪和第四纪初、浑河断裂带的构造活动更为频繁强烈。本文主要讨论浑河断裂带自沈阳至清原县草市地段从第三纪以来的新构造活动的一些形迹 相似文献
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The Ximalin fault is the northwest section of the Ximalin-Shuiquan fault, which is part of the north-edge fault zone of the Yanghe Basin, located in the conjunction of the Zhangjiakou-Bohai fault zone and Shanxi fault-depression basin, and its structural geometry and deformation characteristics can facilitate the research on the interaction of the two tectonic belts. In this paper, data of geological surveys and geophysical exploration are used to study this fault exhaustively, concerning its geometry, structural features and activity as well as its relationship with adjacent faults and rule in the deformation transform of the north-edge fault zone of the Yanghe Basin. The results show that the Ximalin Fault is a strike-slip feature with thrust component. Its vertical slip rates are 0.17mm/a and 0.25~0.38mm/a, and the horizontal slip rate is 0.58~0.67mm/a and 0.50mm/a during the late Middle Pleistocene and Holocene, respectively. It is formed alternately by the NW-trending main faults and secondary NE-trending faults, of which the former is characterized by high-angle reverse with sinistral strike-slip, and the latter shows normal faulting. The two sets of structures have specific structural geometry relations, and the motion manners and deformation characteristics match each other. During the active process of the north-edge fault of the Yanghe Basin, the NW trending Ximalin fault played a role similar to a transform fault in deformation change and stress transfer, and its sinistral strike slip activity accommodated the NE trending normal faulting at the both ends. 相似文献
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THE VITRINITE REFLECTANCE OF FAULT ROCKS FROM THE WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE FAULT ZONE: CONSTRAINTS ON FRICTIONAL PROPERTIES OF THE FAULT DURING THE EARTHQUAKE
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YAO Lu MA Sheng-li WANG Yu HE Hong-lin CHEN Jian-ye YANG Xiao-song SHIMAMOTO Toshihiko 《地震地质》2016,38(4):817-829
The temperature rise caused by frictional heating during seismic slip is able to indicate dynamic frictional properties of the seismic fault,which provides an approach to understand the dynamic process and energy budget of an earthquake.The residual indicators of frictional heating within the fault zone also can be taken as an evidence for seismic events.The vitrinite reflectance is a commonly-used geothermometer in the coal,oil and gas industries.It also has some potential applications in the studies of fault rock and fault mechanics.We studied vitrinite reflectance (VR) of fault rocks collected from surface outcrops of the Wenchuan earthquake fault zone in this paper.The measured data reveal that the VR of fault rocks are affected by fault motion,and there is a trend that the VR increases towards the fault core,which indicates the effects of frictional heating.The VR of fault rocks from the Bajiaomiao outcrop is much higher than those from the Shenxigou outcrop,which probably suggests the difference in fault activity at the two outcrops.Our study also suggests that systematic measurement of VR across the fault zone is helpful in identifying slip zones and determining their widths.From the VR measurement on an oriented specimen containing the slip surface of the Wenchuan earthquake from the Shenxigou outcrop,we observed anomalous high VR values in two black-colored slip zones of about 2mm in width near the slip surface.The numerical calculation shows that the maximum temperature rise on the fault plane near Shenxigou was probably less than 162℃ during the Wenchuan earthquake,which means the dynamic fault strength was quite low.These estimations are roughly in accord with the results from the high-velocity frictional experiments. 相似文献
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The Shanxi Graben System is one of the intracontinental graben systems developed around the Ordos Block in North China since the Cenozoic, and it provides a unique natural laboratory for studying the long-term tectonic history of active intracontinental normal faults in an extensional environment. Comparing with the dense strong earthquakes in its central part, no strong earthquakes with magnitudes over 7 have been recorded historically in the Jin-Ji-Meng Basin-and-Range Province of the northern Shanxi Graben System. However, this area is located at the conjunction area of several active-tectonic blocks(e.g. the Ordos, Yan Shan and North China Plain blocks), thus it has the tectonic conditions for strong earthquakes. Studying the active tectonics in the northern Shanxi Graben System will thus be of great significance to the seismic hazard assessment. Based on high-resolution remote sensing image interpretations and field investigations, combined with the UAV photogrammetry and OSL dating, we studied the late Quaternary activity and slip rate of the relatively poorly-researched Yanggao-Tianzhen Fault(YTF)in the Jin-Ji-Meng Basin-and-Range Province and got the followings: 1)The YTF extends for more than 75km from Dashagou, Fengzhen, Inner Mongolia in the west to Yiqingpo, Tianzhen, Shanxi Province in the east. In most cases, the YTF lies in the contact zone between the bedrock mountain and the sediments in the basin, but the fault grows into the basin where the fault geometry is irregular. At the vicinity of the Erdun Village, Shijiudun Village, and Yulinkou Village, the faults are not only distributed at the basin-mountain boundary, we have also found evidence of late Quaternary fault activity in the alluvial fans that is far away from the basin-mountain boundary. The overall strike of the fault is N78°E, but the strike gradually changes from ENE to NE, then to NWW from the west to the east, with dips ranging from 30° to 80°. 2)Based on field surveys of tectonic landforms and analysis of fault kinematics in outcrops, we have found that the sense of motion of the YTF changes along its strikes: the NEE and NE-striking segments are mainly normal dip-slip faults, while the left-laterally displaced gullies on the NWW segment and the occurrence characteristics of striations in the fault outcrop indicate that the NWW-striking segment is normal fault with minor sinistral strike-slip component. The sense of motion of the YTF determined by geologic and geomorphic evidences is consistent with the relationship between the regional NNW-SSE extension regime and the fault geometry. 3)By measuring and dating the displaced geologic markers and geomorphic surfaces, such as terraces and alluvial fans at three sites along the western segment of the YTF, we estimated that the fault slip rates are 0.12~0.20mm/a over the late Pleistocene. In order to compare the slip rate determined by geological method with extension rate constrained by geodetic measurement, the vertical slip rates were converted into horizontal slip rate using the dip angles of the fault planes measured in the field. At Zhuanlou Village, the T2 terrace was vertically displaced for(2.5±0.4)m, the abandonment age of the T2 was constrained to be(12.5±1.6)ka, so we determined a vertical slip rate of(0.2±0.04)mm/a using the deformed T2 terrace and its OSL age. For a 50°dipping fault, it corresponds to extension rate of(0.17±0.03)mm/a. At Pingshan Village, the vertical displacement of the late Pleistocene alluvial fan is measured to be(5.38±0.83)m, the abandonment age of the alluvial fan is(29.7±2.5)ka, thus we estimated the vertical slip rate of the YTF to(0.18±0.02)mm/a. For a 65° dipping fault, it corresponds to an extension rate of(0.09±0.01)mm/a. Ultimately, the corresponding extensional rates were determined to be between 0.09mm/a and 0.17mm/a. Geological and geodetic researches have shown that the northern Shanxi Graben System are extending in NNW-SSE direction with slip rates of 1~2mm/a. Our data suggests that the YTF accounts for about 10% of the crustal extension rate in the northern Shanxi Graben System. 相似文献
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二台断裂南段的第四纪活动 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
二台断裂南段在乌伦古河流域分叉、折尾,显示出破裂末端特征。据断层活动资料,自晚更新世中期以来南段有5次活动,主要为右旋逆走滑活动,末端为右旋正走滑。水平错动幅度达3个量级4个梯度,最大达350m。1984—1988年形变测量资料表明该段目前正以2.1mm/年的速率作左旋旷动。各种古地震活动标志表明南段大震平均复现期为3500±290年。 相似文献
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Based on the 1︰50000 active fault geological mapping, combining with high-precision remote imaging, field geological investigation and dating technique, the paper investigates the stratum, topography and faulted landforms of the Huashan Piedmont Fault. Research shows that the Huashan Piedmont Fault can be divided into Lantian to Huaxian section (the west section), Huaxian to Huayin section (the middle section) and Huayin to Lingbao section (the east section) according to the respective different fault activity.
The fault in Lantian to Huaxian section is mainly contacted by loess and bedrock. Bedrock fault plane has already become unsmooth and mirror surfaces or striations can not be seen due to the erosion of running water and wind. 10~20m high fault scarps can be seen ahead of mountain in the north section near Mayu gully and Qiaoyu gully, and we can see Malan loess faulted profiles in some gully walls. In this section terraces are mainly composed of T1 and T2 which formed in the early stage of Holocene and late Pleistocene respectively. Field investigation shows that T1 is continuous and T2 is dislocated across the fault. These indicate that in this section the fault has been active in the late Pleistocene and its activity becomes weaker or no longer active after that.
In the section between Huaxian and Huayin, neotectonics is very obvious, fault triangular facets are clearly visible and fault scarps are in linear distribution. Terrace T1, T2 and T3 develop well on both sides of most gullies. Dating data shows that T1 forms in 2~3ka BP, T2 forms in 6~7ka BP, and T3 forms in 60~70ka BP. All terraces are faulted in this section, combing with average ages and scarp heights of terraces, we calculate the average vertical slip rates during the period of T3 to T2, T2 to T1 and since the formation of T1, which are 0.4mm/a, 1.1mm/a and 1.6mm/a, and among them, 1.1mm/a can roughly represent as the average vertical slip rate since the middle stage of Holocene. Fault has been active several times since the late period of late Pleistocene according to fault profiles, in addition, Tanyu west trench also reveals the dislocation of the culture layer of(0.31~0.27)a BP. 1~2m high scarps of floodplains which formed in(400~600)a BP can be seen at Shidiyu gully and Gouyu gully. In contrast with historical earthquake data, we consider that the faulted culture layer exposed by Tanyu west trench and the scarps of floodplains are the remains of Huanxian MS8½ earthquake.
The fault in Huayin to Lingbao section is also mainly contacted by loess and mountain bedrock. Malan loess faulted profiles can be seen at many river outlets of mountains. Terrace geomorphic feature is similar with that in the west section, T1 is covered by thin incompact Holocene sand loam, and T2 is covered by Malan loess. OSL dating shows that T2 formed in the early to middle stage of late Pleistocene. Field investigation shows that T1 is continuous and T2 is dislocated across the fault. These also indicate that in this section fault was active in the late Pleistocene and its activity becomes weaker or no longer active since Holocene.
According to this study combined with former researches, we incline to the view that the seismogenic structure of Huanxian MS8½ earthquake is the Huashan Piedmont Fault and the Northern Margin Fault of Weinan Loess, as for whether there are other faults or not awaits further study. 相似文献