关于偏岭石的X射线分析等问题──兼评何宏平等《天然烧变高岭石的研究》一文

偏岭石及其有关的变高岭石过去用一般鉴定结晶矿物的ｘ射线衍射分析定为“非晶质”矿物；后来刘长龄用ｘ射线衍射分析粉末照相高功率长时间拍照，见到有中、低强度的衍射线条（背景发暗）．４～４．１（弥散）等多条（偏岭石）；４．４及２．２等（变高岭石），二者有区别（灵敏度高的ｘ射线衍射仪强度曲线分析也有不同（图１），而均属于准晶质或半晶质。今后再鉴定为“非晶质”矿物，不符合事实，显然是错误的。又偏岭石及变高岭石的光学性质等也不是“非晶质”，而具有强非均质性及２Ｖ［１］［２］．     

边界单元法中的基本解──评王坚强同志的论文《三维电阻率模拟的边界元方法》

边界单元法中的基本解──评王坚强同志的论文《三维电阻率模拟的边界元方法》徐世浙（青岛海洋大学）编者按：在１９９３年第四期综评栏中，刊登了中南工业大学王坚强同志的短文：三维电阻率模拟的边界元方法，文中提到“（参考）文献［１］中公式（６－２）、（７－２）...     

水利部水文局(水利信息中心) “三定”方案

根据中央机构编制委员会办公室中编办［１９９９］７３号文的批复及水利部《关于成立水利部水文局和水资源水文司更名的通知》（水人教［１９９９］３５０号文）精神,成立水利部水文局,与水利部水利信息中心一个机构两块牌子;将水利部水资源水文司承担的有关指导全国水文工作的职能及其人员归入水利部水文局。１９９９年８月４日,水利部水文局正式宣布成立。随后,水利部水文局即加紧制定职能配置、内设机构和人员编制规定的“三定”方案,并上报水利部审批。１９９９年１１月１０日,水利部以人教劳［１９９９］８３号文批复水利部水文局（水利信息中心）“三定”方案。该文件指出：根据中编办［１９９９］ ７３号、水人教［１９９９］３５０号文件精神,你局（中心）为我部承担行政管理职责的事业单位。 水利部水文局的成立,是党和国家重视和加强水文工作的充分体现,也是全国水文系统广大职工非常关注的大事,必将对我国水文事业的发展产生巨大的推动作用。现将水利部水文局（水利信息中心）的主要职责、内设机构和人员编制刊登如下,以飨读者。     

关于回采部分保安矿柱的可行性探讨

在保安矿柱内进行部分开采是可行的。利用上覆岩体厚度（Ｚ）、内摩擦角（）、安全系数（ｎ）、上覆岩体平均容重（γ）、顶板岩石的内聚力（Ｃ）、巷道半跨度（ａ）等参数导出采空区顶板跨度（Ｌ）公式：Ｌ＝２Ｚｔｇｎｌｎ［１－ｃｔｇ／（ａγ－Ｃ）］;开采所留...     

磷灰石结构中[SO_4]、[SiO_4]四面体的喇曼谱学特点

磷灰石是重要的生物材料矿物。天然磷石晶体结构中［ＰＯ４］３－能广泛地被［ＳｉＯ４］、［ＳＯ４］类质同象取代,形成含硅硫磷灰石以至硅硫磷灰石［１］。据报道,在合成羟磷灰石中引入部分Ｓ、Ｓｉ离子将提高其抗蚀性能,因此［ＳｉＯ４］与［ＳＯ４］对［ＰＯ４］的四面体替换是磷灰石晶体化学研究的重要内容［２～４］。振动光谱（包括喇曼与红外光谱）是研究晶体结构络阴离子行为的主要手段之一。对磷灰石中磷氧四面体振动谱学特点的研究,无论是理论计算还是实验结果均已十分成熟［５,６］,但对其结构中硫氧、硅氧四面体的喇曼光…     

水位流量关系测点标准差的探讨

水位流量关系测点标准差的探讨李泰民（江苏省骆运水利工程管理处）《水文》杂志１９９３年第５期上发表了袁建球的《水位流量关系测点标准差浅析》［３］一文（以下简称《浅析》），读后深受启发。该文根据误差理论，分析了水位流量关系测点标准差（以下简称测点标准差）...     

关于碱性花岗岩H同位素组成及其有关问题的讨论

关于碱性花岗岩Ｈ同位素组成及其有关问题的讨论陈辉（中国科学院地质研究所，北京１０００２９）《地球化学》１９９２年第１期刊载了李培忠等［１］所写《黑龙江碾子山晶洞碱性花岗岩氢同位素组成与岩浆去气作用》一文（以下简称李文）。李文认为，＂碾子山晶洞碱性花岗...     

广西出台“工程带水文”政策

本刊讯２０００年６月１２日,广西壮族自治区水利厅向各地（市）水电局、厅直属各单位下发了《关于把水文工程纳入水利工程建设的通知》（桂水计［２０００］６６号）。《通知》指出,水文工作是国民经济建设中一项重要的基础工作,是水利建设需要超前安排的重要前期工作;水文数据是防汛抗旱、水资源保护、水资源评价和水利工程规划设计、管理运用的科学依据。《通知》对新建水利工程有关水文观测设施等事项作出如下规定： １．在水利工程建设的规划、设计中,对水文测验、报汛等设施设备应统筹考虑;在治理中损毁、搬迁、新建水文设施时…     

北京严格限制地下水开采

本刊讯（段金平）记者从北京市有关部门了解到,《北京市水污染防治条例》于3月1日起施行,该《条例》对地下水开采使用进行了严格限制。《条例》规定,多层地下水的含水层水质差异较大的,应当分层开采：对已受污染的潜水和承压水,不得混合开采;因过量开采地下水导致不宜继续开采的,市水行政主管部门应会同市国土资源行政主管部门向市人民政府报告,并停止或者限制开采;     

安徽铜陵新桥黄龙组沉积期海底火山喷发—沉积质疑

１９７７年《南京大学学报（自然科学版）》的文章中［１］,首次提出安徽铜陵新桥地区的黄铁矿型铜矿为石炭纪黄龙期海底火山喷发沉积形成。其后还有一些学者著文论述黄龙期的海底喷流与成矿问题,如发表于地质学报１９８６年第２期的文章中作者在论述长江中、下游中石...     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861