从末次冰盛期冰川规模探讨当时的气候环境——以乌鲁木齐河源区末次冰盛期冰川为例

根据乌鲁木齐河源区末次冰盛期形成的保存完好的古冰川遗迹和现代气候条件下冰川物质平衡与气候的关系，用冰川动力学方法估算出冰川达到末次冰盛期规模时的气候条件。依据末次冰盛期冰川面积，结合冰川平衡线高度和冰川体积综合分析，乌鲁木齐河源区末次冰盛期的夏季气温应比现代低４．８℃左右，降水约只有现代的３０％。但目前其它古气候方法的研究结果表明，末次冰盛期的夏季气温比现代低５．６℃左右，两者相差０．８℃，其原因可能主要是冰川动力学方法未考虑构造抬升对气温的影响，据此推测，乌鲁木齐河源区末次冰盛期至今的构造上升量约为１３０ｍ。     

乌鲁木齐河源气候特性与冰川融水径流

乌鲁木齐河源冰川径流采用实测的１号冰川物质平衡、降水等为基本资料进行估算：冰川强烈消融期在７月中旬－８月旬，冰川多年平均径流深度为４４２ｍｍ。相当于冰川每年减薄１３５ｍｍ。用“替代冰川”估算出山口以上冰川总径流量为１．８７×１０＾７ｍ＾３，占英雄总径流的８％。     

从末次冰盛期冰川规模探讨当时的气候环境

根据乌鲁木齐河源区末次冰盛期形成的保存完好的古冰川遗迹和现代气候条件下冰川特平衡与气候的关系。用冰川动力学方法估算出冰川达到末次冰盛期规模时的气候条件。依据末次冰盛期冰川面积，结合冰川平衡线高度和冰川体积综合分析，乌鲁木齐河源区末次冰盛期的夏季气温应比现代低４．８℃左右，降水约只有现代的３０％，但目前其它古气候方法的研究结果表明，末次冰盛期的夏季气温比现代低５．６℃左右，两者相差０．８℃，其原因可     

乌鲁木齐河源1号冰川年物质平衡量的预报方法与资料插补

本利用乌鲁木齐河源１号冰川物质平衡量实测资料、天山大西沟温度大降水、乌鲁木齐地温资源，讨论了该冰川物质平衡与某些气候要素的关系；７月气温、夏季５－７月降水及３－４月地温是控制当年物质平衡量的主要气象要素；通过寻找最佳因子，利用多元线性回归方法，建立了该冰川年物质平衡的预报公式，同时讨论了资料插补问题。     

天山乌鲁木齐河源1号冰川对降水影响的定量分析

以天山乌鲁木齐河源１号冰川为例,系统地分析了冰川区降水的形成因素,阐述了冰川作为特殊性质的下垫面对降水产生影响的机制,并定量化地计算出了乌鲁木齐河源１号冰川对降水的贡献,冰川作为特殊性质下垫面对降水产生影响,其主要是通过致冷效应以及由此引起发的温跃现象、逆温现象、冰川风现象、凝结高度降低现象和水平降水现象的作用来实现的,乌鲁木齐河源１号冰川作为特殊性质的下垫面对年降不的贡献比重随高度的不同而变化。     

中国西部MIS12冰期研究

祁连山摆浪河上游和天山乌鲁木齐河源是现代冰川和第四纪冰川活动的地方。我们运用ESR技术对第四纪冰碛进行测年研究,摆浪河上游最老的中梁赣冰碛为462.9ka BP;乌鲁木齐河源最老的上槽谷高望峰冰碛为477.1ka BP和459.7ka BP,从而确认了中国西部山地冰川对全球化深海氧同位素12阶段(MIS₁₂)冰期的响应。      

从天山乌鲁木齐河源1号冰川变化估计近百年来该地区夏季升温

通过冰川波动历史来揭示气候变化是一种重要的方法。然而，以往有关这一方面的研究大都是一些定性的。文章试图依据冰种变化来定量的研究气候变化，并且通过近百年来天山乌鲁木齐河源１号冰川的变化，揭示出本世纪以来该河源地区夏季气温上升约０．２３￣０．２５℃，同时，对于该冰川不同长度规模时的气候敏感性也进行了讨论。     

中国天山冰川积雪中NO3-与NH4+的分布特征及其环境意义

基于2004-2009年间在天山托木尔峰青冰滩72号冰川、奎屯河哈希勒根51号冰川、乌鲁木齐河源1号冰川、博格达峰四工河4号冰川与庙尔沟平顶冰川积累区采集的雪坑样品,分析了中国天山冰川积雪中NO3-与NH4+的空间分布特征及其环境意义.结果表明,积雪中NO3-平均浓度顺序为哈希勒根51号冰川＜乌鲁木齐河源1号冰川＜庙尔沟平顶冰川＜青冰滩72号冰川＜四工河4号冰川,而NH4+平均浓度顺序为青冰滩72号冰川＜哈希勒根51号冰川＜庙尔沟平顶冰川＜乌鲁木齐河源1号冰川＜四工河4号冰川.结合HYSPLIT空气轨迹模型与局地环境状况资料分析,这种空间差异受到远源污染与沙漠粉尘传输、近源工农业生产与生活排放、冰川积累区地理环境等因素的综合影响.     

天山乌鲁木齐河流域冰川地貌与冰期研究的回顾与展望

乌鲁木齐河源于天山北列喀拉乌成山的北坡,区内保存着形态多样、较为清晰的第四纪冰川侵蚀与沉积地形.经过老中青数代人的考察研究,取得如下研究成果:1)查清了河源区冰川地形的分布与特征,运用冰川沉积学与地貌地层学原理对乌鲁木齐河出山口处的扇形地进行了冰川与非冰川成因的鉴别;2)基于地衣法、常规14 C与AMS14 C、TL、ESR、CRN(10Be)等多种定年方法的测年结果,并结合地貌地层学原理,建立了乌鲁木齐河流域小冰期、新冰期、末次冰期(MIS 2～4)、MIS 6与MIS12较完整的冰川演化序列,为我国第四纪冰川研究树立了一个典型范例.展望未来,乌鲁木齐河源区的冰川地貌演化模拟与古环境重建等需作进一步研究,喀拉乌成山南坡的冰川地形有待进行综合定年;若以乌鲁木齐河源流域冰期序列为参照,冰川发育与天山的构造抬升以及东、中与西段天山冰川发育是否具有一致性,天山地区是否保存有更老冰碛等科学问题尚待深入探讨.     

基于多源数据的天山乌鲁木齐河源1号冰川变化研究

基于2012年RTK-GPS、2015年三维激光扫描和2018年无人机航测数据,以天山乌鲁木齐河源1号冰川为研究区,分别从物质平衡、面积、末端等方面分析近期冰川变化.结果表明:乌鲁木齐河源1号冰川近年来呈快速消融趋势.2012—2018年冰川面积减少0.07 km2,年平均面积变化率为-0.01 km2·a-1;同期,...     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861