阿尔金山西段巴什库尔干群斜长角闪岩地球化学特征及构造意义

长城系巴什库尔干群斜长角闪岩主要分布于阿尔金构造带西段北缘,一般呈似层状、透镜体状夹于云母石英片岩、变粒岩、石英岩、黑云二长片麻岩、大理岩等中。通过岩石学、岩石化学、微量元素和稀土元素地球化学研究表明,该斜长角闪岩的原岩为中-基性火山岩类,并形成于两种构造环境:一种斜长角闪岩的球粒陨石标准化配分曲线显示出LREE明显富集,具有类似大陆(板内)裂谷火山岩特有的稀土元素组成特征;另一种斜长角闪岩的球粒陨石标准化配分曲线呈略富集(近平坦)型,与洋中脊玄武岩类非常相似。表明在长城纪时期,阿尔金构造带西段北缘主要处于板内大陆裂谷环境,随着大陆裂谷的进一步扩张,局部地区已形成初始洋盆环境。     

青海省巴隆地区印支期中酸性侵入岩地球化学特征及构造环境分析

正巴隆地区印支期中酸性侵入岩出露面积约250km~2,岩性为花岗闪长岩(γδ)和二长花岗岩(ηγ),测年结果显示年龄值分布为229±10Ma(锆石U-Pb),为印支期岩浆活动产物,岩石具有高碱、高钾、高铝的特征;岩石的二氧化硅含量w(SiO_2)=53.51%～68.90%,全碱含量w(Na_2O+K_2O)=5.91%～7.07%,里特曼指数σ=1.74～3.59,A/CNK=0.68～1.04,为过铝质—偏铝质花岗岩。岩石的轻重稀土元素比值LREE/HREE=7.60～16.67,轻稀土元素具强烈富集。δEu=0.65～0.87,具较强负铕异常,La_N/Yb_N=7.81～28.09,稀土配分曲线具右斜;微量元素Rb、Th、Ce、Sm明显富集,Ba、Nb、Ti亏损,显示出壳源型花岗岩特点;每组稀土数据都重合度较高,说明岩浆冷凝时处于相对稳定的环境;各样品中Th、Zr等微量元素含量变化较大,说明岩浆冷凝过程中发生了结晶分异作用。通过综合分析认为,侵入岩来源于为俯冲造山过程中,地壳部分熔融形成的火山弧类侵入体,部分处于构造线的侵入体经历了碰撞抬升和造山晚期的改造作用。     

赤峰红花沟金矿稀土地球化学特征

作者通过对红花沟金矿各主要岩石类型及金矿石稀土元素丰度的分析测定,探讨了本区的稀土地球化学特征。研究表明:太古代变质岩、元古代花岗岩、中生代花岗岩及花岗斑岩、流纹岩和凝灰岩、第三纪玄武岩及金矿石的稀土配分曲线均为右倾斜型,即富轻稀土,都有十分相似的 Ce 负异常。变质岩、元古代花岗岩和玄武岩显示Eu 正异常,其它岩石和矿石显示 Eu 负异常。牛营子岩体显示较强的 Eu 负异常,且稀土总量明显高于元古代花岗岩。元古代的花岗岩源岩可能为石榴石角闪岩。金矿与斜长角闪岩关系最为密切,斜长角闪岩可能是形成金矿的矿源层。     

西藏邦铺斑岩钼(铜)多金属矿床侵入岩锆石微量元素特征及其地质意义

西藏邦铺斑岩钼(铜)多金属矿床位于冈底斯成矿带东段,矿区侵入岩期次和类型多样,主要包括成矿前期黑云母二长花岗岩、成矿期闪长玢岩和二长花岗斑岩及成矿后期石英二长斑岩和辉绿玢岩等5种。在系统总结前人研究成果基础上,利用LA-ICP-MS技术获得了矿区闪长玢岩岩体锆石微量元素特征。结果表明:邦铺矿区侵入岩锆石类型主要包括岩浆锆石和热液锆石;5种侵入岩球粒陨石标准化稀土元素配分模式显示具相似的特征,曲线左倾,整体较陡,表现为明显的Ce正异常和Eu负异常,轻稀土元素亏损,重稀土元素富集。通过锆石Ti含量地质温度计计算出侵入岩锆石结晶温度,显示出成矿期和成矿后期侵入岩体岩浆来源于在水近饱和条件下发生的部分熔融。根据锆石中特定微量元素和稀土元素特征变化,各侵入岩锆石均是从陆壳岩浆中结晶分异形成的,与锆石相对应的寄主岩石均形成于陆壳环境。     

鲁西地区前寒武纪侵入岩

鲁西地区前寒武纪侵入岩占基底变质岩出露面积的90％左右,由晚太古代泰山期TTG质花岗岩、变闪长岩类杂岩体和早元古代傲徕山期二长花岗岩及钾长花岗岩组成,均侵入泰山群。 TTG质花岗岩同位素年龄为2700—2600Ma,岩石具明显的片麻状构造,Na/K比值较高,(~(87)Sr/~(80)Sr)比值较低,稀土元素分布型式为右倾的轻稀土富集型,为硅铝质基底活化并有泰山群地层部分熔融而形成。变闪长岩类杂岩体同位素年龄值为2595—2483Ma,岩浆演化系列完整,为地幔岩浆分异形成。二长花岗岩及钾长花岗岩同位素年龄为2490—2284Ma,块状构造,Na/K比值较低,(~(87)Sr/~(80)Sr)比值较高,为泰山群、泰山期侵入岩经部分重熔作用形成。     

鲁西早前寒武纪变质岩区变质砾状岩石成因类型及其地质意义

鲁西早前寒武纪结晶基底中，分布有热液结晶型、火山碎屑沉积型、陆源碎屑沉积型和构造改造型四种成因类型包变质砾状岩石。本文对其形态、规模、产状及砾石特征等进行了分析。据变质砾状岩石性质推测，在平邑县南涝坡—泰安市化马湾一带，泰山群形成之前地表岩石主要为斜长花岗岩，并经历过一期变形变质作用。     

清湖二长岩风化壳稀土元素地球化学

清湖二长岩风化壳发育良好,垂向剖面可分为表土层、全风化层、半风化层,各层位稀土含量有较大差别。风化壳主要成份为高岭石、埃洛石,次要成份有钾长石、钛铁矿、赤铁矿、含钡锶的稀土质点及石英、云母等。风化壳中稀土源于原(母)岩中褐帘石、角闪石、斜长石、榍石等风化分解时释出的稀土。稀土元素在风化过程中活动性强,随原岩的风化分解其中绝大部分从母岩中释出进入风化壳中;岩体不同部分风化壳中稀土含量有差别;在风化壳垂向剖面上轻、重稀土分馏作用明显,在上部(表土层)富轻稀土,下部(半风化层)富重稀土,中部(全风化层)轻、重稀土选择性富集不明显;单个稀土元素在风化壳中迁移能力有差别,特别是铈,它主要以CeO_2形式富集在表土层,向中下部迁移能力很弱;重稀土向风化壳下部迁移能力比轻稀土强。这些稀土元素的地球化学行为在风化壳样的稀土元素球粒陨石标准化曲线上都有所反映。     

陈蔡群斜长角闪岩的地球化学特征及成因分析

本文对陈蔡群变质岩中的斜长用闪岩进行了地球化学研究。常量元素、微量元素和稀土元素的特征表明陈蔡群变质岩中存在两种不同成因的斜长角闪岩，其一是正角闪岩，由拉斑玄武质岩石变质形成；其二是副变质成因的角闪岩，其原岩为白云质泥灰岩。进一步的地球化学研究，揭示出正斜长角闪岩的成岩构造环境类似于大陆边缘环境。     

鲁东荣成片麻岩套及其成因

荣成片麻岩套是华北地块南缘的苏北－鲁东片麻岩带的一部分，是一套花岗闪长质－二长花岗质的钙碱性深成岩。其岩石化学成分与Ａｍｉｔｓｏｇ片麻岩相似。稀土元素显示出具负Ｅｕ异常，有较高的稀土总量及轻、重稀土分馏较强的特征。根据稀土元素定量模拟计算，荣成片麻岩套是由斜长角闪岩源岩经４２％的部分熔融形成，相应的残留体是榴辉岩。     

甘肃东大山地区龙首山岩群地球化学特征及其构造环境

东大山地区龙首山岩群形成于早元古代,是一套经角闪岩相变质改造的变质地质体.按岩石组合特征划为四个岩组A岩组以黑云片麻岩和斜长角闪岩为主,夹有少量变粒岩、大理岩和二云石英片岩;B岩组以各种石英片岩和云母片岩为主,夹多层石英岩、长石石英岩和薄层状大理岩;C岩组以各种云母片岩和石英片岩为主,夹斜长角闪岩和大理岩;D岩组以中层-中厚层状大理岩为主,夹钙质片岩、云母片岩和变粒岩.A岩组原岩为一套以火山岩为主的沉积岩;B、C岩组原岩建造均以杂砂岩-泥质岩为主,但B岩组比C岩组有更多石英砂岩,而C岩组夹基性火山岩;D岩组原岩以碳酸盐岩为主.A、C岩组中基性火山岩均显示偏碱性成分特征,形成于板内裂谷环境.B、C岩组中泥质岩的岩石化学、微量元素、稀土元素与后太古代的均值接近.与B岩组相比,C岩组泥质岩更富稀土、更小的δEu、更大的(La/Lu)N;Cr、Ni、Co低,Rb、Ba、Hf、Nb、Ta高;FeO、MgO、CaO、Na2O低,P2O5、TiO2、K2O高.龙首山岩群原岩建造显示华北板块西部早元古代的板内裂谷从早到晚构造活动性由强到弱.     

山西中条山涑水杂岩中冷口变质火山岩的地球化学及构造环境

冷口变质火山岩为较典型的双峰式火山岩，以变质基性火山岩为主，夹变质英安质岩石。依据元素地球化学和同位素地球化学分析，它应形成于大陆或大陆边缘裂谷环境。基性岩浆来源于亏损地幔，岩浆在侵位过程中受到强烈的地壳成分混杂作用改造，而英安质岩石可能是由大陆地壳部分熔融作用形成的。     

山东省稀土矿产资源特征及找矿方向研究初探

目前山东省已发现稀土矿床（点）7个,查明轻稀土资源储量77余万吨。省内稀土矿床的成因类型主要包括碱性岩系列和花岗岩系列两大类,碱性岩系列稀土矿床的赋矿围岩主要为中生代产出的正长（斑）岩体、碳酸岩及云母岩等,花岗岩系列稀土矿床的赋矿围岩为中生代花岗伟晶岩。本文总结了山东省稀土矿资源现状及开发利用程度,重点论述了碱性岩系列和花岗岩系列两类稀土矿床的典型矿床地质特征,提出在山东省内进行同类型稀土矿床的找矿方向,为稀土矿床勘查提供参考。     

Reservoir Volcanic Rocks: Geology and Geochemistry, the Mesozoic Non-Marine Songliao Basin, NE China

The reservoir volcanic rocks in Songliao Basin include the Lower Cretaceous (Klyc Form., 114～135 Ma,acidic rocks) and the Upper Jurassic (J3hs Form., 145～158 Ma, intermediate rocks). Vesicles coupled with faults make the volcanic reservoir spaces which do not as badly getting worse with buried depth as those of sediments generally doing. The flood rhyolites of the Lower Cretaceous cover ca. 100 000 km2 with relict thickness from 100 m to more than 1000 m. They are high-silica, rich in aluminum and potassium, high REE contents with large negative Eu anomalies,thus believed also be formed by the large-scale sialic crust partial-melting. The andesitic rocks of the Upper Jurassic are rich in Al and K, but with lower REE contents and minor negative Eu anomalies, as well as dispersal patterns of HREE.They are believed to be produced by progressively shallower partial-melting where the fractionation of garnet and/or zircon may be involved. The most probable heat sources provided for the long-lasting volcanisms in the Songliao Basin is the subduction of the Okhotsk plate.     

贵州大竹园大型铝土矿稀土元素地球化学特征及其意义

贵州大竹园大型铝土矿是中国近年来取得重要找矿进展的大型铝土矿之一。以采自大竹园矿区栗园向斜不同部位铝土矿、铝土岩和黏土岩的样品为研究对象,分析了这些样品的稀土元素含量(质量分数)特征及空间分布特征,研究了稀土元素含量与铝土矿质量及成矿过程的关系,最后就稀土元素对于成因和环境的指示意义进行了讨论。结果表明:铝土矿、铝土岩和黏土岩稀土元素总含量(不包括Y)分别为107.07×10-6、185.00×10-6和246.28×10-6,依次增高,说明铝土矿的成矿过程是一个稀土元素贫化的过程,也是Eu异常和Ce异常趋于增大的过程,即相对于黏土岩来说,铝土矿具有高Eu异常、Ce异常的特征;相对于重稀土元素来说,无论是栗园向斜西翼还是东翼,铝土矿轻稀土元素相对富集,且轻稀土元素含量以及La与Yb含量之比均随深度变浅而增加;单纯利用稀土元素图解不能有效反映成矿物质的来源,但可以大体反映含矿岩系形成于海相或海陆过渡相环境;大竹园大型铝土矿与黔北其他铝土矿一样,总体上属于沉积型,可能与古喀斯特化过程、古风化过程有关。     

Variations in rare earth elements with environmental factors in lake surface sediments from 17 lakes in western China

Numerous lakes in western China are excellent sites for understanding environmental change. However, what dominates rare earth element(REE) variations are still under debate in the lake environmental research. In this study, we selected 28 surface sediment samples from 17 lakes(i.e. largescale lakes, small water bodies, etc.) in the QinghaiTibet Plateau and Xinjiang area. These samples were analyzed to reveal the behavior of the REEs and major elements. These REE patterns are characterized by light rare earth element(LREE) enrichment, weak Ce anomaly(0.84-0.98, 0.94 on average) and negative Eu anomaly(0.53-1.00, 0.67 on average). The homogeneous REE patterns may reflect similar REE of the source lithologys. However, the REE abundances showed some significant differences. In this study, water chemistry data analyses inferred that the highly REE values appear possibly in the saltwater lake, and also related to carbonate mineral, whereas p H played a minor role in REE concentrations. In large-scale lakes(e.g. Lake Bosten and Lake Ulungur), the results showed that the relatively larger REE values are in the margins of lakes. Moreover, lower REE contents are towards the central region. Comprehensive study suggested that five major factors control the REE contents:(1) The REE tends to increase with the increase of the weathering intensity.(2) Likewise, heavy mineral(i.e. rutile, anatase, zircon, etc.) are probably primary in these sediments because they are highly enriched in the REE.(3) The contribution of Fe-Mn oxides is significant in sediments because their concentrations highly correlate with the REE.(4) The carbonate mineral(mainly calcite) played a significant role on the REE values in the lakes because the REEs are incorporated into the carbonate minerals generating the low REE concentrations.(5) Major element analysis, mineral analysis, and grain-size data analysis showed that the REE distribution is chiefly influenced by finer grain-size component of lake sediments due to the decreasing proportion of quartz and feldspar than coarser one. Moreover, the clay minerals in finer grain-size sediments can highly absorb the REE.     

Using geochemistry of rare earth elements to indicate sediment provenance of sand ridges in southwestern Yellow Sea

The Jianggang Harbour-centered radial sand ridge (RSR) is the largest sand body in the Yellow Sea. Its formation and evolution are of interest for scientists of various fields; however, the sediment provenance is uncertain. In this study, rare earth element (REE) geochemical compositions of the RSR sediments together with their potential sources are investigated to identify the provenance of the RSR sediments. The typical parameters ((La/Yb)N, (La/Sm)N and (Gd/Yb)N) as well as the upper continental crust-normalized patterns of REEs can only be associated with source rocks, and thus can be used as effective tracers for the origin and sources of sediments. However, the REE contents of sediments are affected by many factors, such as particle sorting and chemical weathering. Onshore RSR sediments are different in REE geochemical composition from offshore RSR sediments to some extent, suggesting that not all of the offshore RSR sediments have the same sources as the onshore RSR sediments. Meanwhile, the sediments adjacent to the northeast of Cheju Island and at Lian Island near the Lianyun Harbour were not the source of the RSR sediments due to their distinctive REE patterns, δEu, (La/Yb)N, (Gd/Yb)N and (La/Sm)N. The Korean river sediments could be dispersed to the Jiangsu Coast slightly impacting the fine fractions of the RSR sediments, particularly the offshore RSR sediments. Additionally, geochemical comparisons show that the modern Yellow River was responsible for the onshore RSR sediments, whereas the sediment loads from the Yangtze River could serve as a major contributor to the RSR, particularly the offshore RSR. In addition, the offshore RSR could also be partly fed by an unknown source due to some high values of (La/Yb)N, (La/Sm)N and La contents differing from those of the Chinese and Korean river sediments.     

Reconstruction of protoliths of metamorphic rocks and tectonic setting of Wolegen Group

Parametamorphic rocks from Arong County in southeastern Inner Mongolia-Daxinganling district are regarded as Proterozoic in age,belonging to the Wolegen Group and composed of volcanoclastic and sandstone in origin,and have been disputed in tectonic setting.Because of the stability in metamorphism,the rare earth dements indicate the features of their protoliths.The authors integrated the petrologic methods with the geochemical parameters which include ∑REE,∑LREE/∑HREE,δCe,δEu,La/Yb,Sm/Nd,Th/Sc and the standard values of chondrite.The results show that the protoliths of Wolengen Group may be a group of voleanoclastic and continental margin elastic rocks,and their tectonic setting is the continent island arc.     

东昆仑得尔龙地区华力西期花岗岩地质地球化学特征及构造环境分析

东昆仑得尔龙地区花岗岩体侵位于二叠纪—三叠纪早期,岩石类型为黑云母花岗闪长岩、黑云母二长花岗岩、二云母二长花岗岩。早期次的黑云母花岗闪长岩中含有暗色的镁铁质矿物包体。SiO2含量为65.04%~73.47%,全碱含量为5.29%~8.52%,K2O/Na2O平均值为0.70,Al2O3平均为14.79%;亏损高场强元素Ta,Nb;∑REE平均为142.9×10-6,轻稀土元素相对富集,(La/Yb)N平均为17.15,δEu平均为0.71,表现为弱亏损。研究表明得尔龙地区花岗岩属次铝-过铝(高钾)钙碱性S型花岗岩,形成于后造山环境;岩浆源区的物质是多源的,主要为地壳物质的重熔,其次为幔源岩浆的底侵。     

Petrogenesis of Early Cretaceous riebeckite granophyres in southern Da Hinggan Mts.

This paper reports lithologic features,K--Ar age and geochemical data of riebeckite granophyres from Aliwula area in the southern Da Hinggan Mts.,aiming to reveal the petrogenesis of riebeckite granophyres.K-Ar age of riebeckite granophyres is 126 ± 2 Ma,implying that the riebeckite granophyres formed in the Early Cretaceous.The granophyres are rich in riebeckites and with a lot of melt-fluid inclusion in its quartz phenocrysts.The granophyres are characterized by extensive enrichment in SiO2,FeO,and(Na2O+K2O) and depletion in MgO and CaO,strong negative Eu anomalies and strong positive Ce anomalies.Additionally,the riebeckite granophyres not only have high total REE contents and display enrichment of HFSEs(for example Zr,Hf,Nb,Ta),but also are strong in depletion of LILEs(e.g.Ba,Sr) as well as high Ga /Al ratios.Primitive mantle-normalized REE pattern significantly displays REE M--W tetrad effect.REEs fractionate evidently and highly enrich in LREE,but are uneven distribution in the rocks.Taken together,we conclude that the riebeckite granophyres are similar to typical A-type granite,which could be derived from stretching environments in the Early Cretaceous.The granophyres originated from residual melt which underwent highly differentiation process,and were formed in magmatic-hydrothemal transition stage at last.     

Geochemistry of rare-earth elements and its significance in the study of climatic and environmental change in Barrow, Arctic Alaska

Geochemical characteristics of rare-earth elements (REE) and sedimentary features were studied in the borehole 96-7-1 from Elson Lagoon in Barrow, Arctic Alaska. The results show that total contents of REE (∑ REE) are lower, suggesting that physical weathering is dominate, therefore, concentrations of rare-earth elements are lower in the paleosediment environment. The chondrite-normalized distribution patterns of RE,Es are characterized by light REE (LREE) enrichment and Eu-depletion with the terrestrial sedimentary rock as the parent materials. In comparison with the borecore AB-67 in Elson Lagoon, the main conclusions for climatic and environmental changes are similar: before 1740 A. D. , it was cold and dry with terrestrial properties,but the comparatively warming around 1400 A.D. and 1550 A. D. ; after 1740 A. D. ,it became warming, or markedly after 1821 A.D. ; but it was cold around 1890 A. D.From 1904 A. D. , it got warm again, but it was relatively cold around 1971 A. D..