Characteristics of Porphyry Cu Mineralization at Waisoi (Namosi District), Viti Levu, Fiji

The porphyry Cu deposits at Waisoi in Namosi district, Viti Levu are separated into two deposits: the Waisoi East deposit and the Waisoi West deposit. In the Waisoi East deposit, quartz porphyry is exposed and in the Waisoi West deposit, diorite porphyry is sporadically exposed in addition to a small body of quartz porphyry. The mineralization in the Waisoi East deposit is characterized by the bornite–chalcopyrite–pyrite assemblage associated with traces of molybdenite and native gold. Polyphase fluid inclusions in stockwork quartz veinlets show homogenization temperatures ranging from 210 to >500°C. The high‐grade Cu mineralization in the Waisoi West deposit is characterized by the bornite–chalcopyrite–pyrite assemblage accompanied with sheeted and stockwork quartz veinlets. Polyphase fluid inclusions occasionally containing hematite flakes in quartz veinlets in the center of the Waisoi West deposit homogenize at temperatures ranging from 450°C to >500°C. However, fluid inclusions in stockwork quartz veinlets in the periphery, homogenize at lower temperatures around 210°C. Both in the Waisoi East and Waisoi West deposits, primary bornite–chalcopyrite–pyrite assemblage in the high Cu‐grade zone was deposited at the upper stability limit of chalcopyrite with respect to sulfur fugacity. Thus, the principal Cu mineralization at the Waisoi deposits occurred at a relatively high sulfur fugacity, that is, in a high‐sulfidation environment.     

滇东地区碳酸盐岩上覆风化层的元素地球化学特征及其成因讨论

碳酸盐岩风化形成的红土保存着喀斯特发展演化历史证据,同时也是喀斯特地区土壤研究的重要对象。文章选取云 南石林地区的两处典型碳酸盐岩剖面为研究对象,对主量元素,微量元素及稀土元素在风化层的迁移特征及分布规律进行 研究,为探究风化层的成因提供依据。结果显示：（1） 以Ti为参比元素的剖面迁移特征表明,两剖面的主量元素在成土过 程中有相似的迁移规律,多数表现为淋失;微量元素略有差异,富集淋失程度不一。（2） UCC 标准化蜘蛛图显示,相对于 基岩,风化层中的Ca和Sr均出现亏损;与UCC相比,Fe、Ti等元素轻微富集,Mg、Ca、Na、K、P等元素显示了强烈的亏 损特征。（3） 基岩与风化层的REE分布模式相似,但风化层的稀土相对富集,轻稀土元素间的分异较大而重稀土元素间的 分异较小,且SJC剖面的轻、重稀土元素比值大于QST剖面;稀土元素球粒陨石标准化后,SJC剖面的Eu为负异常,剖面 上部和下部出现Ce负异常;QST剖面Ce负异常,Eu明显负异常。（4） 元素含量变化和元素对Al-Ti、Al-Fe及Zr-Hf相关性 说明剖面上覆红土是下伏基岩风化的结果。研究结果显示,两个剖面的元素地球化学特征与基岩存在很好的继承性,风化 层是基岩原位风化的产物。     

Geochemical Characteristics of Intrusive Rocks, Southeastern Mindanao, Philippines: Implication to Metallogenesis of Porphyry Copper-gold Deposits

This paper describes petrologic and geochemical characteristics of intrusive rocks associated with porphyry copper deposits in south-eastern Mindanao, the Philippines, where the Kingking deposit is located. Intrusive rocks at the Kingking deposit, are classified into biotite-bearing diorite porphyry, hornblende diorite porphyry and diorite porphyry. Intrusive rocks in other areas in south-eastern Mindanao, including Batoto, Bukal, Maragusan, Masara, Amacan and Sumlog, are hornblende diorite porphyry and hornblende quartz diorite. They are adakitic in Sr/Y-Y diagram, but not in La/Yb-Yb diagram due to relatively low REE contents. The magmas are oxidizing as suggested by the high X_Mg of mafic silicate phenocrysts and SO₃ contents of microphenocrystic apatite. An Oligocene-Miocene diorite intrusive complex formed by calc-alkaline, hydrous, oxidizing magma is considered to be associated with porphyry-type copper-gold mineralization.     

Geological and Geochemical Characteristics and Genesis of the Shaxi Porphyry Copper (Gold) Deposits, Anhui Province

The Shaki porphyry copper(gold) deposits are a trpical example of porphyry copper deposits associ-ated with diorite in eastern China. Quartz diorite, which hosts the deposits, has a Rb-Sr isochron age of 127.9±1.6Ma. Geochemically, the rock is rich in alkalis (especially sodium), light rare earth elements (LREE) and large-ionlithophile elements (LILE), and has a relatively low initial strontium isotopic ratio (I_(Sr)=0.7058); thus it is the productof differentiation of crust-mantle mixing source magma. The model of alteration and mineralization zoning is similarto the Hollister (1974) diorite model. The ore fluids have a relatively high salinity and contain significant amounts ofCO_2, Ca~(2+), Na~+ and Cl~-. The homogenization temperatures of fluid inclusions for the main mineralization stage rangefrom 280 to 420℃, the δ~(18)O values of the ore fluids vary from 3.51 to 5.52‰, the δD values are in the range between-82.4 and -59.8‰, the δ~(34)S values of sulphides vary from -0.3 to 2.49‰, and the δ~(13)C values of CO_2 in inclusionsrange between -2.66 and -6.53‰. Isotope data indicate that the hydrothermal ore fluids and ore substances of theShaxi porphyry copper (gold) deposits were mainly derived from magmatic systems.     

黔北务正道地区含铝岩系地球化学特征及地质意义

对黔北务正道地区大竹园、岩凤阡和旦坪三个铝土矿床的含铝岩系元素地球化学特征进行研究,结果表明:常量元素主要由Al_2O_3、SiO_2、Fe_2O_3、TiO_2组成,铝土矿呈富铝、低铁的特点;Zr、Sr、Cr、V、Li等微量元素含量均达到100×10~(-6)以上,尤其以元素Li含量最高;Be含量4.04×10~(-6)~7.04×10~(-6),表明铝土矿以沉积成因为主,局部地段具残积成矿的特点;Th/U介于2~7之间,揭示了铝土矿风化作用不彻底或者有沉积混杂;Sr/Ba1,表明铝土矿主要形成于海相沉积环境;V/Cr=0.90~1.112.00、Ni/Co=0.58~4.125.00、V/(V+Ni)=0.72~0.880.60,表明铝土矿主要形成于富氧的沉积环境;ΣREE值总量较高,轻稀土较富集,Eu轻微正异常、Ce明显正异常;Ce/Ce*1,表明铝土矿沉积于富氧环境;La/Yb-REE关系图解中所有样品并没有集中落在沉积岩区,表明成矿物质具有多源性。综合分析认为,本区铝土矿床为晚志留世-石炭纪形成初始矿源层,并在二叠世早期风化搬运至湖泊沼泽或近岸浅海进一步富集成矿。     

Metallogenesis of Porphyry Cu Deposits of the Western Luzon Arc, Philippines: K-Ar ages, SO3 Contents of Microphenocrystic Apatite and Significance of Intrusive Rocks

Abstract: K–Ar ages of the following porphyry Cu deposits in the western Luzon arc are determined: Lobo-Boneng (10.50.4 Ma), Santo Niño (9.50.3 Ma), Black Mountain (2.10.1 Ma), Dizon (2.50.2 Ma) and Taysan (7.30.2 Ma). Microphenocrys-tic apatite in the late Cenozoic intermediate to silicic intrusions associated with porphyry Cu deposits in the western Luzon arc contains sulfur as SO₃ detectable by electron probe microanalyzer. Sulfur is supposed to have been accommodated dominantly as oxidized species in oxidizing hydrous magmas that generated porphyry Cu deposits. Likewise, such high SO₃ contents in microphenocrystic apatite are common characteristics of the intermediate to silicic magmatism of the western Luzon arc, from tonalitic rocks of the Luzon Central Cordillera of about 15 Ma to an active magmatism at Mount Pinatubo. Thus, the western Luzon arc has been generating porphyry Cu mineralization associated with oxidizing hydrous intermediate to silicic magmatism related to eastward subduction, since Miocene to the present day. Intermediate to silicic rocks since 15 Ma to present-day western Luzon arc generally show high whole-rock Sr/Y ratio ranging from 20 to 184. However, porphyry Cu deposit is not necessarily related to the rocks that show higher Sr/Y ratios compared to the other barren rocks in the western Luzon arc. The characteristics of the intermediate to silicic magma associated with porphyry Cu deposit are not attributed to the composition of the source material of the magma, but to the properties defined by the high activity of oxidized species of sulfur in the fluid phase that is encountered during the generation of intermediate to silicic magmas.     

新疆东准噶尔地区斑岩铜矿地质特征与成因

东准噶尔成矿带是中国主要矿集区之一,也是斑岩矿床形成的有利地区.近年来,在东准噶尔邻区先后发现了土屋和欧玉陶勒盖特大型斑岩铜矿,推动了东准噶尔地区斑岩铜矿的找矿和研究工作,之后又发现了哈拉苏,蒙西、玉勒肯哈拉苏、琼河坝、和尔赛、铜华岭和乌伦布拉克等斑岩铜矿.本文论述了东准噶尔斑岩铜矿形成的地质背景,依据金属矿床围岩岩性组合和成矿作用特征,确定东准噶尔斑岩铜矿床有2个成矿时代和二种矿床类型:早古生代斑岩铜钼矿床和晚古生代斑岩铜金矿床.在较详细剖析各类金属矿床(点)基本地质特征的基础上,划分了3个矿化集中区:卡拉先格尔斑岩矿集区、乌伦布拉克斑岩矿集区和琼河坝斑岩矿集区,并讨论了东准噶尔区域地壳演化与金属成矿作用的关系.研究结果表明,本区的金属矿床(点)成矿作用分别形成于萨吾尔晚古生代岛弧和纸房-琼河坝早古生代岛弧,大规模成矿作用的发生与板块构造活动相吻合,是地壳特定演化阶段构造.岩浆活动的产物.     

塔里木盆地中寒武统泥晶白云岩红层的地球化学特征与成因探讨

塔里木盆地西部克拉通台地区寒武系中寒武统发育大量泥晶白云岩红层。钻孔岩芯观察及岩石学分析表明,该白云岩以岩芯呈暗红色、显微镜下呈泥粉晶结构、并伴随有纤状石膏假晶与陆源石英碎屑为主要特征,指示了该白云岩形成于潮上带蒸发环境。地球化学分析结果表明,该白云岩具有固有属性的CaO％,MgO％含量正相关特征, 因此,塔里木盆地中寒武统泥晶白云岩红层属于典型的潮上带Sabkha型沉积的“原白云石”。泥晶白云岩红层U,Mo含量亏损,指示了该白云岩形成于氧化环境,与色泽较红相一致;稀土元素特征上,该泥晶白云岩红层稀土元素配分模式呈右倾特征,但是在陆源碎屑的影响下,常出现中稀土元素富集的“帽”型特征;碳氧同位素分析表明,泥晶白云岩红层碳同位素变化没有规律性,多数δ18OPDB值变化在-7‰~-4.4‰之间,与潮上带蒸发沉积的Sabkha特征一致;英买7井白云岩红层δ18OPDB值较低（＜-10‰）,可能为成岩作用过程中热液改造的结果;由于泥质矿物的存在,潮上带白云岩87Sr/86Sr比值一般比同期海水值偏高。     

普朗斑岩型铜矿床成矿元素多重分形特征及其矿化强度指示

成矿元素品位的变化受控于长期地质作用过程,具有较强的非线性特征,定量刻画其变化特征有助于深入理解成矿过程,并为找矿预测提供理论依据。运用多重分形去趋势移动均值（MFDMA） 法,分析云南普朗斑岩型铜矿床4号勘探线钻孔Cu元素品位的多重分形特征及其对矿化强度的指示意义。结果显示：所有钻孔Cu元素品位具有多重分形特征,且不同矿化等级的元素分布存在局部奇异性差异,多重分形强度随矿化强度等级减弱而增加;这些特征指示在钾硅化带—带内侧强矿化钻孔的高品位相对聚集,而带外侧角岩化—青磐岩化带的高品位相对分散;通过数据随机重排技术推测Cu品位多重分形结构奇异性差异是由其分布概率密度和长相关性共同作用引起,后者的作用贡献大于前者。     

西藏多不杂矿集区斑岩铜矿地球化学指标研究

多不杂矿集区位于西藏改则县北部,是近些年发现的超大型斑岩型铜矿床,在以多不杂为中心,东西长约30km,南北宽约10km的范围内,包括多不杂、波龙、色那、拿顿、拿若、尕尔勤和铁格龙7个矿区。本文在前人工作的基础上,通过对矿集区钻孔岩芯样品地球化学数据进行旋转正交因子处理和成矿元素Cu与稀土元素La、Ce、Pr、Nd、Sm、Eu、Gd、Tb、Dy、Ho、Er、Tm、Yb、Lu、Y、微量元素U、Th的相关性分析,发现轻重稀土元素均在Cu矿(化)体部位相对富集。另外微量元素U、Th(尤其是Th),与金属元素Cu含量随深度的变化也存在一定的对应关系,在Cu矿化部位相对富集。研究表明稀土元素La、Ce、Pr、Nd、Sm、Eu、Gd、Tb、Dy、Ho、Er、Tm、Yb、Lu、Y与微量元素U、Th可能是一种潜在有效的矿产勘查地球化学指标。     

北祁连中段毛藏碱性斑岩体地球化学特征及稀土成矿作用

毛藏碱性斑岩体侵入于加里东期毛藏寺中酸性岩基的中心部位,呈小岩株状产出。通过岩石地球化学研究,结果表明碱性斑岩体的主量元素SiO₂含量介于57.55%～55.98%之间,REE含量为433×10^-6～9 824×10^-6,平均高达5 218×10^-6。LREE/HREE比值介于24～98之间,(La/Yb)_N比值为54～5 699,表现为轻重稀土强烈分异,具有富轻稀土、高钾富碱、富铝贫钛、富锶和钡等特征,岩石还相对富集Pb和Zn,含量均超过200×10^-6, Cu含量也较高(> 100×10^-6),最高可达1 710×10^-6。负铕异常中等,δEu值为0.40～0.87,暗示有斜长石的分离结晶作用,具A型花岗岩岩石地球化学特征。结合构造演化认为碱性岩浆的产生与俯冲的北祁连洋壳板片的断离作用有关,区域应力场由挤压转为伸展,在地壳岩浆房中地幔源区部分熔融并发生分离结晶作用形成碱性斑岩体,伴随后期的岩浆—热液作用...     

中蒙边境及邻区典型斑岩型铜矿地球化学特征概述

依据前人对中蒙边境各典型斑岩型铜矿床的研究成果,对中蒙边境古亚洲洋成矿域内典型斑岩型铜矿床的含矿岩体进行了地球化学探讨,结果表明:1)区内岩石属于钙碱性-高钾钙碱性系列、低铝质岩石;2)岩石均呈现出轻稀土富集的右倾型模式,重稀土分布平坦,岩石矿化蚀变后出现明显的负Eu异常,同位素结果表明均来自地幔的部分熔融;3)区内矿床均形成于岛弧环境,矿床的形成具有多期、多源、多构造变化特征,是特定时期地壳演化阶段构造-岩浆-热液活动的产物.通过对中蒙边境典型斑岩铜矿床地球化学的探讨,以期为区内斑岩型铜矿床的找寻和评价提供参考.     

Petrogenesis of Adakitic Porphyries in an Extensional Tectonic Setting, Dexing, South China: Implications for the Genesis of Porphyry Copper Mineralization

The Dexing adakitic porphyries (quartz diorite–granodioriteporphyries), associated with giant porphyry Cu deposits, arelocated in the interior of a continent (South China). They exhibitrelatively high MgO, Cr, Ni and Sr contents, high La/Yb andSr/Y ratios, but low Yb and Y contents, similar to adakitesproduced by slab melting associated with subduction. However,they are characterized by bulk Earth-like Nd–Sr isotopecompositions (_Nd(t) = –1·14 to +1·80 and(⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)_i = 0·7044 – 0·7047), and highTh (12·6–27·2 ppm) contents and Th/Ce (0·19–0·94)ratios, which are different from those of Cenozoic slab-derivedadakites. Sensitive High-Resolution Ion Microprobe (SHRIMP)geochronology studies of zircons reveal that the Dexing adakiticporphyries have a crystallization age of 171 ± 3 Ma.This age is contemporaneous with Middle Jurassic extension withinthe Shi-Han rift zone, and within-plate magmatism elsewherein South China, indicating that the Dexing adakitic porphyrieswere probably formed in an extensional tectonic regime in theinterior of the continent rather than in an arc setting. Theirhigh Th contents and Th/Ce ratios, and Middle Jurassic age,argue against an origin from a Neoproterozoic (1000 Ma) stalledslab in the mantle. Taking into account available data for theregional metamorphic–magmatic rocks, and the present-daycrustal thickness (31 km) in the area, we suggest that the Dexingadakitic porphyries were most probably generated by partialmelting of delaminated lower crust, which was possibly triggeredby upwelling of the asthenospheric mantle due to the activityof the Shi-Hang rift zone. Moreover, the Dexing adakitic magmasmust have interacted with the surrounding mantle peridotiteduring their ascent, which elevated not only their MgO, Cr andNi contents, but also the oxygen fugacity (fO₂) of the mantle.The high fO₂ could have induced oxidation of metallic sulfidesin the mantle and mobilization of chalcophile elements, whichare required to produce associated Cu mineralization. Therefore,the Cu metallogenesis associated with the Dexing adakitic porphyriesis probably related to partial melting of delaminated lowercrust, similar to the metallogenesis accompanying slab melting. KEY WORDS: adakite; lower crust; delamination; porphyry copper deposit, South China     

藏南江孜盆地下白垩统硅化层的地质地球化学特征及其成矿意义

西藏南部江孜盆地的下白垩统地层为一套浊积海底扇沉积序列。在沙拉岗一带, 这套地层中发育一段明显的硅化层。矿物学和岩石地球化学分析表明: 硅化层主要由硅化程度不等的硅化泥岩和硅化灰岩组成, 其矿物组成单调,主要包括石英、低温钠长石和被交代残余的方解石; 硅化泥岩的地球化学特征以继承原岩为主, 而硅化灰岩则受硅化流体改造的程度较大; 硅化灰岩中的微量元素随着硅化程度的递进表现出4种类型的迁移规律, 硅化灰岩的w(∑REE)和w(LREE) /w(HREE)等指标均与硅化程度成正相关关系。综合这些特征表明, 参与硅化层发育的流体可能是一种富SiO2 的偏碱性中低温热流体, 它的活动导致了硅化层的发育并可能和该区内锑矿的产生具有直接的成因联系。     

埃达克岩：斑岩铜矿的一种可能的重要含矿母岩——以西藏和智利斑岩铜矿为例

作者通过对 3个重要的斑岩铜矿带的综合研究和对比分析发现 ,最具成矿潜力的含矿斑岩不是典型的岛弧岩浆岩 ,而是一种高SiO2 〔w(SiO2 ) >5 6 %〕、高Al2 O3〔w(Al2 O3) >15 %〕、富Sr(多数wSr>40 0× 10 -6)、低Y(多数wY<16× 10 -6)的岩石 ,具有埃达克岩地球化学特征 ,显示埃达克岩岩浆亲合性。含矿的长英质岩浆并非来自地幔楔形区或壳幔过渡带 ,而是来自俯冲的洋壳板片的直接熔融。该俯冲板片熔融前通常变质为含水的榴辉岩。在安第斯弧造山带 ,大洋板块低缓、快速、斜向俯冲 ,诱发洋壳板片直接熔融 ,形成埃达克质熔体 ,后者通过分凝和封闭性演化 ,形成安第斯中新世_上新世巨型斑岩铜矿系统 ;在青藏高原碰撞造山带 ,俯冲并堆积于地幔岩石圈的古老洋壳物质的变质和拆沉 ,诱发榴辉岩部分熔融 ,产生埃达克质熔体 ,并与幔源熔体混合 ,形成西藏冈底斯和玉龙斑岩铜矿系统。     

西藏多不杂斑岩铜(金)矿床磁铁矿元素地球化学特征及其对成矿过程的指示

多不杂铜(金)矿床是西藏多龙矿集区重要的斑岩型铜矿床之一。详细的岩心编录和岩相学研究显示,多不杂铜(金)矿床发育4类磁铁矿:磁铁矿-1(Mt₁)反射色呈灰白色,它形粒状,部分颗粒包含在黑云母内部;磁铁矿-2(Mt₂)反射色呈粉棕色,半自形-它形粒状,边缘被赤铁矿交代,颗粒内部见少量黄铜矿;磁铁矿-3(Mt₃)反射色呈粉棕色,自形-半自形,粒度小,表面平整,主要产于角岩化蚀变内;磁铁矿-4(Mt₄)反射色呈深灰色,颗粒间隙被黄铁矿、黄铜矿交代。Mt₁、Mt₂属岩浆磁铁矿或岩浆-热液磁铁矿的过渡类型;Mt₃、Mt₄属岩浆-热液磁铁矿的过渡类型。Mt₁、Mt₂、Mt₄磁铁矿形成温度大致在300～500℃,Mt₃形成温度明显低于其他三类磁铁矿,大致在200～500℃。4类磁铁矿具有明显的地球化学差异,其中Mt₁具...     

西藏雄村矿集区侏罗纪斑岩磷灰石矿物化学特征对新特提斯洋俯冲成矿作用的指示

雄村矿集区位于西藏冈底斯成矿带南缘,区内成矿作用与新特提斯洋俯冲作用有关,现已勘查评价了一个大型还原性斑岩铜金矿床(I号矿体)和一个大型氧化性斑岩型铜金矿床(Ⅱ号矿体)。为了查明引起I、Ⅱ号矿体成矿特征差异的原因和含矿斑岩的区别标志,本文选取I、Ⅱ号矿体含矿斑岩和非含矿斑岩中磷灰石为研究对象,通过对三套斑岩磷灰石单矿物的挑选、阴极发光照相(CL)和电子探针分析(EMPA),提出了磷灰石中Cl含量受控于共存硅酸盐熔体组分,I、Ⅱ号矿体含矿斑岩比非含矿斑岩具有更高的Cl/F(分别为0.76、0.26、0.07),高的Cl含量对促进Cu、Au的溶解和迁移具有重要作用的新认识;含矿斑岩磷灰石高Cl低S指示金属元素Cu、Au可能以Cl的络合物为主进行迁移([CuCl_2]~–、[CuCl]~0、[AuCl_2]~–);I、Ⅱ号矿体含矿斑岩氧逸度低于非含矿斑岩,含矿斑岩较低的氧逸度可能指示成矿过程可能发生了结晶硫化物相的预富集;雄村矿集区I、Ⅱ号矿体含矿斑岩磷灰石与非含矿斑岩相比具有更高的Mn、Ca、Cl含量,更低的Si、S、F含量,可以作为含矿斑岩的判别标志,对指导区域与新特提斯洋俯冲有关的斑岩型铜金矿床找矿突破有重要义。     

北淮阳晓天火山岩盆地片麻状花岗岩成岩年代学及地球化学特征

岩石的锆石U-Pb定年和主量、微量、稀土元素分析是研究侵入岩成岩时代、岩石成因的主要研究手段。本文在野外地质调查工作的基础上，采用X射线荧光光谱、电感耦合等离子体发射光谱、电感耦合等离子体质谱和LA-ICP-MS等技术对晓天火山岩盆地内杨三寨附近发现的片麻状钾长花岗岩进行相关地球化学分析。结果表明：该岩体主量元素以高硅、钾和钠，低铁镁钙磷为特征，其中SiO₂含量为65.86%~78.29%，Al₂O₃为10.89%~16.02%，MgO为0.17%~1.17%，K₂O为1.37%~6.44%，Na₂O为0.53%~6.50%，属于高钾钙碱性系列。微量元素方面，样品以亏损Nb、Sr、P和Ti，富集La、Ce、Nd和Zr为特征。稀土元素方面，含有较高的稀土元素（ΣREE=152.70~650.88μg/g），轻稀土富集重稀土亏损（LREE/HREE=6.77~20.64），多数具有较弱的负铕异常（δEu=0.29~1.15），铈异常不明显；稀土元素标准化曲线以右倾为特征。30个锆石点的²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U年龄分布于720~828Ma之间，加权平均年龄为776±11Ma （MSWD=2.1）。研究认为，盆地内新元古代片麻状钾长花岗岩的发现表明晓天盆地中心存在隆起，并不是之前研究认为的"斗"形的两边浅中间厚的盆地形态，这对该盆地的构造形态认识和进一步找矿具有重要的指导意义。     

中亚成矿域核心区斑岩铜矿地质和地球化学特征研究现状综述

中亚成矿域核心区域发育多个斑岩型铜矿床,集中分布于哈萨克斯坦环巴尔喀什、中国新疆西准噶尔和东天山地区。笔者从成矿斑岩岩石学、地球化学、岩浆性质、矿床地质和成矿流体性质等方面,对以上地区主要斑岩铜矿的研究现状进行了总结,并概括了境内外斑岩铜矿床的异同。中亚成矿域核心区斑岩铜矿含矿斑岩主要为闪长岩、闪长玢岩、花岗闪长斑岩和石英二长岩,属钙碱性或高钾钙碱性系列,除哈萨克斯努尔卡斯甘外,大多具有埃达克岩的地球化学特征。哈萨克斯坦环巴尔喀什地区和中国西准噶尔、东天山地区斑岩铜矿成矿斑岩结晶温度主要集中在668~836℃,斑晶相结晶压力为0.8~3.2kbar（对应深度2.4~8.8km）,环巴尔喀什地区成矿斑岩（ΔQFM=2.9~4.8）具有明显高于西准噶尔和东天山地区（ΔQFM=0.3~1.8）的岩浆氧逸度。中亚成矿域核心地区含矿斑岩的（87Sr/86Sr）i=0.702 5~0.706 7,εNd（t）=4.9~8.8,显示含矿岩体主要来源于新生洋壳,可能伴随古老基底物质的参与。矿区发育以钾化、绢英岩化和青磐岩化为主的热液蚀变,努尔卡斯甘矿区发育与高级泥化有关的高硫型浅成低温热液型金矿化。矿床地球化学研究显示区内斑岩铜矿硫化物的硫主要为岩浆硫（δ34S=-5‰~2‰）。环巴尔喀什地区和中国东天山土屋-延东斑岩铜矿成矿流体为氧化性的H2O-NaCl-CO2-SO2体系,西准噶尔包古图为还原性的H2O-NaCl-CO2-CH4体系。     

鄂尔多斯盆地东北部纳岭沟铀矿床元素地球化学特征及其地质意义

纳岭沟铀矿床位于鄂尔多斯盆地北部,是我国目前已发现的可地浸砂岩型铀矿床之一。其受古层间氧化带控制,呈板状产于中侏罗统直罗组下段辫状河砂体中。笔者从元素地球化学分析入手,通过对不同蚀变砂岩的地球化学特征进行对比,认为蚀变砂岩主要化学成分的变化受成岩作用、水-岩作用,以及油气二次还原作用等影响,并且有机碳含量在矿化砂岩中较高,说明铀矿化与有机质关系密切。矿化砂岩中的微量元素相对富集或亏损明显,可能与成岩后期(热液)的改造作用有关。蚀变砂岩均表现出壳型花岗岩的微量和稀土元素特征,LREE相对富集,说明盆地北部的阴山、大青山古陆壳富铀花岗岩体是直罗组的主要物源。此外,δEu和δCe特征也表明纳岭沟铀矿床是在弱氧化-弱还原过渡性环境下形成。这些特征可作为找矿勘探的重要指示或标志。