结构阻尼与材料阻尼的关系

针对固体材料在弹性阶段的内阻尼,采用材料粘弹性本构关系,通过有限单元法建立了考虑剪切变形影响的杆单元阻尼矩阵,得到了材料拉压粘滞系数和剪切粘滞系数之间的关系。我们可以通过实验测试材料的损耗因子或粘滞阻尼系数(材料阻尼),像结构质量矩阵、刚度矩阵一样通过比较确切的计算得到弹性阶段结构内阻尼的阻尼矩阵(结构阻尼),而且此阻尼矩阵既基于材料阻尼实验测试,又便于数学处理,且物理意义明确。其次,本文分析了材料阻尼对结构阻尼比影响,得到了材料损耗因子与结构模态阻尼比间的关系,并通过10层钢筋混凝土剪切型框架结构进一步给出了具体的数值结果。     

粘弹性杆系结构的稳态动力分析

与弹性结构相比,粘弹性结构的动力分析更为复杂和困难。本文借助于求解复阻尼问题的思想,给出了求解粘弹性杆系结构稳态响应的计算公式及算例。为进一步研究粘弹性结构的动力行为,还讨论了一个考虑转动效应的Burgers粘弹性梁的自振特性。     

安装速度相关型消能器结构直接基于位移可靠度的抗震设计方法

考察了大震作用下安装速度相关型消能器结构的薄弱层层间位移可靠度指标增大系数与原无控结构薄弱层层间位移可靠度指标、第一振型附加阻尼比和粘弹性材料损耗因子之间的定量关系,提出了该类有控结构直接基于位移可靠度的抗震设计步骤。     

新型粘弹性阻尼器在震害下的力学分析

粘弹性阻尼器是有效的被动消能装置,普通粘弹性阻尼器的力学性能主要受环境温度、激励频率和应变幅值的影响,对结构的设计结果会产生偏差.新型粘弹性阻尼材料,其力学性能不受环境温度和激励频率的影响,通过与普通粘弹性阻尼器动态力学性能的对比,可见新型粘弹性阻尼器作为耗能元件,对消能减震结构的设计结果会比较精确.     

基于等效复阻尼理论的模态叠加法

依据对偶原则,频率相关黏性阻尼是复阻尼在实数域中的表达形式,可作为一种等效复阻尼,且具有稳定性和每一循环消耗能量与激励频率无关的优点。将地震波的卓越频率作为激励频率,结合短时傅里叶变换,提出了单一材料结构频率相关黏性阻尼的模态叠加法;对于不同材料阻尼特性混合结构的频率相关黏性阻尼,利用最小二乘法拟合Caughey阻尼矩阵,以近似模拟频率相关黏性阻尼矩阵,提出了Caughey阻尼理论模态叠加法,成果实现了单一材料和混合材料结构等效复阻尼运动方程的模态叠加法,为基于复阻尼理论的结构振型分解反应谱法提供理论依据。     

安装粘弹性阻尼器的滞变结构抗震可靠度分析

以Boue-Wen滞变恢复力模型模拟剪切型滞变结构的非线性特性，采用等价线性化建立了安装粘弹性阻尼器的滞变结构体系在地震作用下的随机响应计算方法，首当其冲在此基础上分别以结构的层间最大变形和阻尼器阻尼材料的最大剪切变形为结构和阻尼器打有限状态随机变量，探讨了剪切型滞变结构在安装粘弹性阻尼器后的抗震可靠度和阻尼器可靠度的计算方法。     

立式储罐与地基相互作用动力特性分析

立式储罐结构在工程实际中得到广泛的应用。本文以某大型立式储罐结构为例,考虑到液体、结构、地基的相互作用与影响,同时考虑地基与结构及液体与结构的耦合问题,采用有限元方法对浮放在地基上的储罐结构进行了自振特性计算。分别计算了满罐和空罐时系统的频率以及所对应的振型图,并研究了储罐的材料参数和地基刚度对动力特性的影响。结果表明:材料参数的影响较小,地基刚度的影响较大,对盛满液体与空罐的影响不同。     

粘弹性阻尼结构的性能、分析方法及工程应用

本文系统地介绍了粘弹性阻尼器和粘弹性阻尼结构的研究与应用情况,主要包括粘弹性阻尼材料的性能特征;粘弹性阻尼器构造,减震原理及力学模型,粘弹性阻尼结构的性能;分析方法与设计方法及工程应用,对粘弹性阻尼结构的适应性,安全性,经济性进行了评述,提出了今后应加强研究的若干问题。     

协同式空腹夹层板动力特性分析及舒适度研究

为了解贵州省博物馆新馆协同式空腹夹层板的动力特性及人行舒适度性能,采用有限元法计算楼盖结构模态及加速度响应,并进行现场实测。还推导了基频的简化计算公式。其中有限元分析时,考虑了不同边界条件、不同单元类型等因素对分析结果的影响。分析结果表明:楼盖自振频率及加速度峰值计算值、实测值均满足规范。实体-壳单元模型、双层梁-壳单元模型均能较为准确反映协同式空腹夹层板动力特性,不同频率下定点激励及行走路线激励下的楼盖加速度峰值满足规范要求,基频简化计算方法能够满足工程精度要求。     

基于功率流法梯式轨枕轨道减振性能研究

为研究梯式轨枕轨道的减振性能,将梯式轨枕轨道系统简化为四端网络。利用功率流法,分析纵向轨枕截面宽、高以及枕下弹性垫板动刚度、材料损耗因子对梯式轨枕轨道系统减振性能的影响。分析表明:枕下弹性垫板动刚度增大,使得传递到整体道床的总功率流增大,同时纵向轨枕的自振频率也增大;枕下弹性垫板材料损耗因子、纵向轨枕横截面宽、高的增大,都能使传递到整体道床的总功率流减少,同时纵向轨枕截面宽、高的增大降低了纵向轨枕自振频率。因此,应尽量增大纵向轨枕截面面积和枕下弹性垫板材料损耗因子以及减小枕下弹性垫板动刚度,从而获得更好的减振效果。     

Magneto-rheological elastomer (MRE) based composite structures for micro-vibration control

Magneto-rheological elastomers (MREs) are used to construct composite structures for micro-vibration control of equipment under stochastic support-motion excitations. The dynamic behavior of MREs as a smart viscoelastic material is characterized by a complex modulus dependent on vibration frequency and controllable by external magnetic fields. Frequency-domain solution methods for stochastic micro-vibration response analysis of the MRE-based structural systems are developed to derive the system frequency-response function matrices and the expressions of the velocity response spectrum. With these equations, the root-mean-square (RMS) velocity responses in terms of the one-third octave frequency band spectrum can be calculated. Further, the optimization problem of the complex moduli of the MRE cores is defined by minimizing the velocity response spectra and the RMS velocity responses through altering the applied magnetic fields. Simulation results illustrate the influences of MRE parameters on the RMS velocity responses and the high response reduction capacities of the MRE-based structures. In addition, the developed frequency-domain analysis methods are applicable to sandwich beam structures with arbitrary cores characterized by complex shear moduli under stochastic excitations described by power spectral density functions, and are valid for a wide frequency range.     

Propagation of shear waves in viscoelastic medium at irregular boundaries

The aim of the paper is to study the shear wave propagation in a viscoelastic layer over a semi-infinite viscoelastic half space due to irregularity in the viscoelastic layer. It is of great interest to study the propaga-tion of shear waves in the assumed medium having a non planar boundary due to its similarity to most of the real situations. The perturbation method is applied to find the displacement field. The effect of complex wave number on dissipation factor is analysed. Finally, as an application, the result obtained has been used to get the reflected field in viscoelastic layer when the shear wave is incident on an irregular boundary in the shape of parabolic irregularity as well as triangular notch. It is observed that the amplitude of this reflected wave decreases with increasing length of the notch, and increases with increasing depth of the irregularity.     

广义线性反演初至折射静校技术在金属矿区的应用

在复杂地表地区,近地表速度构造模型的确定在地震资料处理和成像过程中是一个至关重要的工作.针对传统方法只能解决静校正中的部分问题,精度不高,本文采用的广义线性反演折射法,利用初至时间对大量数据进行统计,用交互、迭代的方法计算静校正量.该法在土屋斑岩铜矿区的应用,表明在提高信噪比方面比较传统方法有明显的提高.     

Seismic wave modeling in viscoelastic VTI media using spectral element method

Spectral element method (SEM) for elastic media is well known for its great flexibility and high accuracy in solving problems with complex geometries. It is an advanced choice for wave simulations. Due to anelasticity of earth media, SEM for elastic media is no longer appropriate. On fundamental of the second-order elastic SEM, this work takes the viscoelastic wave equations and the vertical transversely isotropic (VTI) media into consideration, and establishes the second-order SEM for wave modeling in viscoelastic VTI media. The second-order perfectly matched layer for viscoelastic VTI media is also introduced. The problem of handling the overlapped absorbed corners is solved. A comparison with the analytical solution in a two-dimensional viscoelastic homogeneous medium shows that the method is accurate in the wave-field modeling. Furtherly, numerical validation also presents its great flexibility in solving wave propagation problems in complex heterogeneous media. This second-order SEM with perfectly matched layer for viscoelastic VTI media can be easily applied in wave modeling in a limited region.     

黏弹介质中勒夫波频散问题的统一解及其动态特征分析

目前完全弹性介质中面波频散特征的研究已较为完善,多道面波分析技术(MASW)在近地表勘探领域也取得了较好的效果,但黏弹介质中面波的频散特征研究依然较少.本文基于解析函数零点求解技术,给出了完全弹性、常Q黏弹和Kelvin-Voigt黏弹层状介质中勒夫波频散特征方程的统一求解方法.对于每个待计算频率,首先根据传递矩阵理论得到勒夫波复频散函数及其偏导的解析递推式,然后在复相速度平面上利用矩形围道积分和牛顿恒等式将勒夫波频散特征复数方程的求根问题转化为等价的连带多项式求解问题,最后通过求解该连带多项式的零点得到多模式勒夫波频散曲线与衰减系数曲线.总结了地层速度随深度递增和夹低速层条件下勒夫波频散特征根在复相速度平面上的运动规律和差异.证明了频散曲线交叉现象在复相速度平面上表现为:随频率增加,某个模式特征根的移动轨迹跨越了另一个模式特征根所在的圆,并给出了这个圆的解析表达式.研究还表明,常Q黏弹地层中的基阶模式勒夫波衰减程度随频率近似线性增加,而Kelvin-Voigt黏弹地层中的基阶模式勒夫波衰减程度随频率近似指数增加,且所有模式总体衰减程度强于常Q黏弹地层中的情况.     

黏弹性与弹性介质中Rayleigh面波特性对比研究

Rayleigh面波的频散特性可以用来研究地表浅层结构. 本文使用时域有限差分法来模拟复杂黏弹性介质中的Rayleigh面波,研究了Q值对面波频散特性的影响.文中采用旋转交错网格有限差分,以非分裂卷积形式的完全匹配层为吸收边界,推出了求解二阶位移-应力各向同性黏弹性波动方程的数值方法.为了检验数值解的精度,首先将简单模型的正演结果与解析解对比,验证了方法的正确性;然后模拟了横向缓变层状介质和含有洞穴的介质中的面波,对弹性和黏弹性介质中的面波的频散特性进行对比分析.模拟结果表明浅层Q值对面波的频散特性有显著的影响;强吸收情况下,高阶面波的能量相对低阶面波能量显著增强.     

Modal equations of linear structures with viscoelastic dampers

Several types of energy dissipation devices using viscoelastic materials have been proposed to reduce vibration in structures subjected to wind and earthquake excitations. At constant temperature and small strain levels, the mechanical behaviour of Viscoelastic (VE) materials can be described using linear operators. In general, the stiffness and damping matrices of structures using VE devices are frequency dependent; this implies that the classical second-order differential equations for the modal co-ordinates are not a complete model for this type of structures. In this paper, the concept of modal coupling in the frequency domain is addressed, expressions for diagonalizable frequency-dependent stiffness and damping matrices are given, and an iterative technique for the computation of the response of viscoelastic structures is studied. Necessary and sufficient conditions for convergence of the technique are given and numerical examples are developed to illustrate the application of the method.     

Effects of Three-dimensional Inhomogeneous Viscoelastic Structures on Postseismic Surface Deformations Associated with the Great 1946 Nankaido Earthquake

—We investigated the effects of various viscoelastic structures on postseismic surface displacement and principal strain fields associated with the great 1946 Nankaido earthquake, which occurred on the plate boundary between the subducting Philippine Sea plate and the continental Eurasian plate. For this purpose, we constructed two kinds of three-dimensional structural models using the finite element method one is the Layered Model, in which a semi-infinite Maxwell viscoelastic material is underlying an elastic layer, and the other is the more realistic Plate Model, in which the three-dimensional configuration of the subducted Philippine Sea plate is taken into account. We also considered two cases with different thicknesses of the elastic layer (50 and 33km) for the respective models. The difference between the two models in postseismic surface deformations is significant for the case with the thinner elastic layer. In this case the horizontal surface displacement and principal strain for the Layered Model is two to three times larger than those for the Plate Model. Downward surface deformation tends to be dominant for the Layered Model, while the change in the pattern for the Plate Model is less marked. The spatial extent of uplift and subsidence for the Plate Model is broader than that for the Layered Model. Postseismic vertical displacements in Shikoku were found to be strongly dependent on the viscoelastic structures. From these results, we suggest that the estimates of the viscosity of the uppermost mantle, interplate coupling, and the area and the amount of after-slip following the 1946 Nankaido earthquake, which have been estimated based on simple layered viscoelastic models, should be re-evaluated using realistic three-dimensionally heterogeneous viscoelastic structures.     

含泥质低孔渗各向异性黏弹性介质中的波频散和衰减研究

本文定义了各向异性黏弹性参数修正因子,并将其引入到黏弹性模型中以体现泥质含量对黏弹性机制的影响,同时将波传播过程中孔隙介质骨架黏弹性力学机制与两种孔隙流体流动力学机制（Biot流动和喷射流动机制）有机地统一起来处理,从而给出了描述含泥质低孔渗孔隙各向异性介质中波传播规律的黏弹性Biot/squirt (BISQ)模型.数值计算结果表明,入射波的方位角、各向异性渗透率以及泥质含量等对含流体复杂孔隙介质中波频散和衰减的影响具有显著的方位各向异性特征,在低频范围内（地震波勘探频率）黏弹性力学机制对波传播能量的衰减起主导作用.     

Composite eddy structures on both sides of the Luzon Strait and influence factors

Combining Argo observations with satellite remote sensing data during the period of 2002–2014, the mean three-dimensional structures of mesoscale eddies on both sides of the Luzon Strait (LS) were obtained via a composite method and analyzed to statistically examine the influences of background marine environment and the Kuroshio current on the eddy structures. The significant signals of temperature and salinity anomalies within the composite eddies extend much deeper in the region east of the LS (zone E) than those in the region west of the strait (zone W) because of stronger eddy intensity and larger vertical gradients of background temperature and salinity in the deep layer in zone E. In the vertical structure of temperature anomaly within the eddies, two cores occur at around 200 and 400 dbar depths, respectively, in zone E and only one core is centered at about 100 dbar in zone W. There is a clear three-core sandwich pattern in the vertical structure of salinity anomaly within the eddies in zone E. The Kuroshio water trapped in the eddy is responsible for abnormally positive salinity anomaly in the surface layer of the anticyclonic eddy center in zone W. On both sides of the LS, an asymmetric dipole structure in the surface layer gradually turns into a monopole one at depths, which resulted from the competition between horizontal advection effect and eddy pumping effect. The Kuroshio current influences the distribution patterns of isotherms and isohalines and enhances background temperature and salinity horizontal gradients on both sides of the LS, determining the orientations of dipole temperature and salinity structures within eddies.