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碳化是砼工程中影响砼结构耐久性的主要因素之一。对冯家山灌区郭家庄渡槽的碳化运用随机模型理论进行数值分析,发现渡槽的碳化深度与砼强度关系密切,最终运用最小二乘法对所得数据进行了线性拟合,得到了郭家庄渡槽槽身、钢筋砼排架和墩台碳化寿命预测,并对郭家庄渡槽按期进行了针对性加固,效果良好。 相似文献
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受山西省水利厅引黄办公室的委托,笔者与我系部分师生于1981—1982两年在晋西北偏关、平鲁和朔县进行了北引黄工程扬水方案总干线规划阶段的工程地质勘查,主要工作是1:5万综合性工程地质测绘。勘查地段西自黄河之畔,沿其支流偏关河朔源而上,穿越黄河流域与海河流域之分水岭管涔山脉(吕梁山脉北延部分)而进入雁同盆地。该宏伟的水利工程主要工程型式是输水隧洞,在跨越沟谷地段则需修建渡槽等交叉工程。由于晋西北系黄土高原区,黄土的湿陷特性将严重影响交叉工程的稳定性,是该工程的主要工程地质问题之一。为此,笔者在指导学生作毕业论文和编写生产报告过程中,对黄土的工程地质特性进行了初步研究。 相似文献
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宝鸡峡灌区漆水河渡槽工程分别采用了静载荷法和高应变动测法对基桩极限承载力进行了检测,通过检测判定单桩极限承载力能满足设计要求,同时通过比对静载荷试验与高应变动测法检测结果,确定采用高应变动测法是可行的,能满足工程需求,值得推广。 相似文献
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1.ВСЕГИНГЕО(苏联水文及工程地质研究所)双层岩心管:这种双层岩心管原为Е.В.西蒙诺夫(Е.В.ОИМОНОВ)设计的,早在1951年就开始试用于水文及工程地质工作,多年来在结构上曾多次改进,但基本结构及作用原理仍无大变更。1954年在西蒙诺夫双层岩心管的基础上设计出了ОГВ-5型的。目前苏联地质保矿部中央设计局(ЦКВ)又设计了ОГВ-6型的。这些型式都属于ВСЕИНГЕО双层岩心管的一种。本文将按苏联最新构造的加以介绍。 相似文献
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低压管道出水口型分析当前机井灌区田间输水工程,都从地上防渗垄沟,转向地下低压防渗输水管道,全国已拥有各种不同型式、不同管材的低压管道约几千万米。但是低压管道在浇地出水口的设计上,则是多种多样,不拘一格,从其构造型式及其使用价值来讲,都不十分理想,都存有这样或那样的问题。现将北方地区目前使用的几种出水口型式述评如下。一、盖板式砼园形出水口这种出水口型式,是由三部分组成。即盖板部分(包括启闭丝杠),水池部分,园形槽出水口部分,这种出水口多用于预制的砼管、水泥土管以及石棉管等较大口径的地下输水管道,优点是孔口出水量大,阻水损失小,水泵扬程较低的情况下比较适用;缺点是只能和土垄沟相联接,不能配用地上输水软管,水冒出后即进入土垄沟成为明渠,均 相似文献
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位山灌区是黄河下游最大引黄灌区,近三十年引黄水量不足,水资源浪费严重,供需矛盾日趋突出。针对灌区工程损毁、管理不善、配水不当等问题,提出了节水灌溉发展方向。 相似文献
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Oasis is the core area of social and economic development in the arid western regions, and is also a territory with prominent ecological environmental problems. Because of the unreasonable development and utilization of soil and water resources, the ecological environment of oasis in Qingtongxia Irrigation District is threatened by soil salinization, shrinkage of lakes and wetlands, and deterioration of water environment. As for these environmental problems, the direct cause is the loss of regulation of groundwater depth or serious pollution of water caused by man-made irrational exploitation, and the root cause lies in shortage of water resources and unreasonable allocation of water resources. In this regard, it is believed that the primary task for the construction ecological environment of oasis in Qingtongxia Irrigation District is to adjust the allocation structure of water resources and to ease the contradiction between supply and demand of water resources, for which the direct means is to carry out dynamic control of water and salt based on the ecological landscape structure and land type in the Irrigation District in accordance with local conditions. 相似文献
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本文运用有关地下水系统理论,对山西省汾河灌区地下水资源作系统分析。灌区水资源系统由地表水系统与地下水系统构成。地下水系统具有双层含水结构;浅层潜水——承压水系统和中层承压水系统。由于含水系统本身特点及人工开采影响,浅层水对中层地下水垂直越流补给。地下水属松散孔隙水。地下水运动以全向为主,水平运动为辅。 相似文献
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沈阳地区河水及沿岸地下水中卤代烃的污染特征 总被引:6,自引:2,他引:4
选择沈阳地区主要河流(浑河、蒲河、细河、沈抚灌渠)地表水及其沿岸地下水进行卤代烃的定量分析,研究并探讨了卤代脂肪烃和卤代单环芳烃的污染分布特征。浑河和蒲河河水中卤代烃检出率较低,以二氯甲烷为主,检出率为33.3%。检出率高值区主要在细河和沈抚灌渠,13种卤代烃被检出。在30个站点地表水样品中有6个站点卤代烃个别化合物浓度超过我国生活饮用水卫生标准。在13个监测井中,有1个井水的1,2-二氯乙烷浓度(101.1μg/L)超标。卤代烃污染以细河上游和中游以及沈抚灌渠上游最为突出。在细河上游大于镇和中游彰驿镇河水中卤代烃的含量较高,可能与沿岸化工企业有关。沿岸土壤层中砂层为受污染的河水对浅层地下水的补给提供了条件,造成浅层地下水污染,对当地生态系统和人类健康构成潜在的威胁。 相似文献
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根据灌溉用水决策支持系统(DSS)和实时配水的要求,建立了霍泉泉源年出流量随机预测模型和月出流量实时预测模型.经分析表明,随机AR(p)预测模型较适合预测泉源的年出流量,月出流量实时预测模型的预测精度也较高 相似文献
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Yinhuang Irrigation District in Ningxia, as the top rice production area of high quality and quantity, has a long history in rice planting. The studies of the effective measures for the rice production replying the climate change were very important for reducing the harm of the future climate change and crop supply safety in Ningxia Province. Based on the coupling of the PRECIS model and the crop model CERES Rice, the effects of climate change on the rice production and growth stage in Yinhuang Irrigation District in Ningxia Province were simulated and evaluated, and the adaptability measures of rice production were studied. The results showed that the CERES Rice model had the preferable simulation capability, and the modified PRECIS model also could preferably simulate the required climate parameter. The crop model simulation results showed that the climate change had some influence on the rice production and growth stage in Yinhuang Irrigation District. The rice production goes down under future climate change scenarios in Ningxia Province. The trend of reduction of 2050s is more apparent than that of 2020s under the same scenarios,but the spatial change trend is similar. The extent and range of reduction of A2 scenario are wider than that of B2 scenario in the same period, but spatial change trend is different. For the change of growth stage, there has no obvious change in the north and the central part of the Yinhuang Irrigation District. The duration in 2050s shortens more obviously than that of 2020s under the same scenario, and the duration under B2 scenario shortens more obviously than that under A2 scenario in the same period. The results of adjusting the sowing date and the rice variety parameter G4 showed that the negative impact of climate change on the rice production can be reduced by sowing date advance in Yinhuang Irrigation District in Ningxia Province. There has obvious difference for the optimal G4 values of different region in Yinhuang Irrigation District, and the rice production can also be effectively upraised by adjusting the rice variety characteristic and cultivating the heat resistant rice varieties. The optimal G4 values can mitigate the damage of climate change on the rice production in Yinhuang Irrigation District in Ningxia Province. 相似文献
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永定河之名诞生于1698年。永定河跨越延庆盆地、北京西山和北京平原3大地貌单元,是北京的母亲河。门头沟区为永定河山峡,有沿河城断裂、马兰黄土和永定河断裂等地质现象,应考虑沿岸的地学旅游开发;石景山区为永定河冲洪积扇的顶部带,应考虑城市地下空间发展的布局;丰台区横跨永定河两岸,有卢沟桥、河西的长辛店砾岩与河东的古河道,应考虑防止地下水污染的措施;房山区位于永定河西岸,有房山世界地质公园、董家林西周遗址和良乡地热田,应考虑地学旅游开发和低炭经济发展;大兴区位于永定河东岸,有以庞各庄西瓜为代表的永定河沙带作物、南海子湿地和亦庄工业开发区,应考虑沙地农作物的分区与工业开发区的关系。永定河沿岸5区的开发要考虑地质背景,实现科学发展观。 相似文献
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Nitrate pollution of groundwater in the Yellow River delta,China 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
Jianyao Chen Makoto Taniguchi Guanqun Liu Kunihide Miyaoka Shin-ichi Onodera Tomochika Tokunaga Yoshihiro Fukushima 《Hydrogeology Journal》2007,15(8):1605-1614
Nitrate pollution of groundwater in the Yellow River delta, China is an important issue related not only to nitrate dispersion and health concerns but also to mass transport and interactions of groundwater, sea, and river waters in the coastal area. The spatial distribution of nitrate, nitrate sources, and nitrogen transformation processes were investigated by field surveys and geochemical methods. Nitrate occurred mainly in shallow layers and had a spatial distribution coinciding with geomorphology and land/water use. Irrigation water from the Yellow River and anthropogenic waste are two main nitrogen sources of nitrate in the delta, and both denitrification and mixing processes could take place according to characteristics identified by ionic and isotopic data. 相似文献