温、盐度及营养盐对不同藻株塔玛亚历山大藻生长的影响

利用2001年11月至2003年2月从长江口、闽江口和北部湾水域表层沉积物中分离的休眠孢囊,萌发获得三株塔玛亚历山大藻,并研究了温度、盐度、营养盐对它们生长的影响。实验结果表明,来源于三个不同海区的藻株在水温32℃的条件下均无法存活,温度对长江口藻株(ATDH01)及广西北部湾藻株(ATGX02)的生长有极显著影响(P<0.01),而对闽江口藻株(ATMJ02)的生长无显著影响(P>0.05)。不同海区的藻株,其生长特性有明显差异,ATDH01藻株最适生长温度为24℃,最适生长盐度为30,且在盐度15和35仍有较高的生长率;而ATMJ02藻株及ATGX02藻株最适生长温度分别为24℃和20℃,最适生长盐度范围为20～30,盐度超出此范围生长率明显降低。ATDH01藻株的生长繁殖能力最强。营养盐对三个不同海区藻株生长的影响基本一致,在低P(1.2μmol/L)组中,三株藻的指数生长期较短,细胞密度明显的低于f/2组;而在低N(44μmol/L)组中,虽然在培养初期,三株藻的细胞生长明显快于f/2组,但在生长后期由于氮的限制,最终细胞密度仍低于f/2组。     

海水温度和盐度对泥蚶幼虫和稚贝生长及存活的影响

1996～1997和1999年在浙江省乐清市东发水产育苗场和福建省宁德市四海水产育苗场分别研究了海水温度和盐度对泥蚶浮游幼虫和稚贝生长及存活的影响,结果表明,泥蚶浮游幼虫的适宜温度为25～33℃,最适生长温度为28～30℃.稚贝的适宜温度为15～35℃,最适生长温度为25～30℃.浮游幼虫的适宜盐度为16.54～30.02,最适生长盐度为1654～23.38;稚贝的适宜盐度为10.01～30.02,最适生长盐度为10.01～23.38.泥蚶幼虫和稚贝对高温和低盐海水有较强的适应能力,这与它们夏季的繁殖期和自然分布于内湾河口区是相适应的.     

海洋交替单胞菌YTW-10的鉴定及抑菌活性分析

菌株YTW-10分离自山东烟台海域近海盐场泥样中。该茵能在NaCl浓度为1％～15％的培养基中生长,最适生长NaCl浓度为7％,最适生长温度为37℃,最适pH值为8。经过形态学观察、生理生化特性分析及基于16SrDNA的系统进化分析,该菌株鉴定为交替单胞菌属。以3株水产生物致病细菌和3株农作物致病真菌作为指示菌,检测其...     

对虾肠道中产蛋白酶菌株的筛选、鉴定及其产酶特性初步研究

本文对从健康的凡纳滨对虾、日本囊对虾肠道中初步分离得到的58株菌进行产蛋白酶能力测试,筛选得到产酶能力较强的3株菌,经生理生化和16SrDNA序列分析,初步鉴定为蜡样芽孢杆菌(SDMG9)、沙福芽孢杆菌(SDVG4)及蜡样芽孢杆菌(SQVG9)。生长及产酶条件优化表明菌株SDMG9的最适生长温度为28-40℃、pH为5.5-6.5、盐度为0-20,最适产酶温度为28℃、pH为9.5、盐度为0;菌株SDVG4的最适生长温度为28-40℃、pH为5.5-8.5、盐度为10-20,最适产酶温度为40℃、pH为5.5、盐度为10;菌株SQVG9的最适生长温度为28-40℃、pH为6.5-8.5、盐度为0-20,最适产酶温度为28℃、pH为7.5、盐度为10。经溶血试验与药敏试验检测表明三株菌均无显著溶血圈且所含耐药因子较少,不具备潜在的致病性,为后续对虾肠道益生菌的筛选及应用提供了科学依据。     

产淀粉酶的海洋曲霉菌的分离及酶学特性初步研究

从乐清湾红树林中分离获得2株产淀粉酶的真菌,经初步鉴定为曲霉属菌株,暂命名为曲霉5#和曲霉34#。对它们的生长温度、固体发酵时的产酶条件以及淀粉酶特性进行了初步研究。该研究结果表明,曲霉5#和曲霉34#的最适生长温度分别为30~35℃和25~30℃,最高生长温度分别为40℃和35℃,在10℃下均能生长。对两株菌进行固体发酵时其最佳培养时间为96 h。两株菌所产淀粉酶的最适pH值为7.0,最适反应温度为40℃;淀粉酶在50℃下仍能保持活力,60℃下酶活力开始下降,80℃时酶几乎失活;离子对淀粉酶的激活或抑制作用也相似。     

产四氢嘧啶中度嗜盐菌TA-4的分离和特性研究

从同安盐田土壤中分离到一株中度嗜盐菌TA-4,经过16S rDNA序列分析、形态学和生理生化特征分析,该茵株初步鉴定为盐单胞菌(Halomonas salina).TA-4能在2%-25%NaC1的培养基中生长,最适生长NaC1浓度为6%,最适生长温度为35℃,最适pH为7.0～8.0.在高盐条件下,TA-4能够在细胞内合成四氢嘧啶以维持渗透压的平衡,在15%培养基中其含量达到60.3mg/g细胞干重.渗透冲击试验表明TA-4细胞内的四氢嘧啶含量受培养基中的盐浓度调控,并且在低渗冲击时能够快速分泌到细胞外,在高渗冲击冲剂后的6h内又可以恢复到原来的90%以上.     

几种环境因子对墨西哥湾扇贝幼虫和稚贝生长与存活的影响

叙述了在室内控制条件下海水温度、盐度和pH因子对墨西哥湾扇贝Argopecten irrndians concentricus浮游幼虫和稚贝生长和存活的影响。结果表明，墨西哥湾扇贝浮游幼虫生长的适宜温度为20-30℃，最佳生长温度为25-30℃。稚贝生长的适宜温度为15-33℃，最适生长温度为25-30℃。浮游幼虫生长的适宜盐度为23．38-42．70，最适生长盐度为23．38-36．58；稚贝生长的适宜盐度为23．38-42．70，最适生长盐度为23．38-36．58；在pH为7-8时，稚贝存活率最高，生长最好。稚贝的耐干露能力低下。     

深海适冷菌SM9913产生的低温蛋白酶

从1855m深的深海泥样中分离纯化得到200多株分泌蛋白酶的适冷菌，其中3株产低温蛋白酶，本文对其中一株Pseudomonas sp.SM9913(P.SM9913)生长的适冷性和它产生的蛋白酶的适低温特性进行了研究。该菌株能够在0℃正常生长，其最适生长温度为15℃，最高生长温度为35℃。为一株适冷菌。该菌株所产蛋白酶的比合成速率在10℃时最高，催化酪蛋白水解的最适温度为35℃，在0℃仍具有3％的酶活力。最适pH为8．0。该蛋白酶的热稳定性很低，在40℃保温10min即丧失85％的活力，40℃时的半衰期为6min，为一典型的低温酶。抑制剂试验表明，该蛋白酶为金属蛋白酶。     

虾夷马粪海胆黑嘴病的初步研究

对虾夷马粪海胆“黑嘴病”进行了初步的研究。经分离、纯化后鉴定黑嘴病的病原菌为坚强芽孢杆菌 (BacillusfirmusBredemannetWarner)。同时报道了该菌为革兰氏阳性杆菌 ,大小为(0.6～0.7)μm×(0.8～1.0)μm。可在1%～7%NaCl中生长 ,最适盐度2～3 ;最适pH为7～8;生长温度为8～26℃ ,最适生长温度为15℃。该菌对磺胺甲基异恶唑、复方新诺明和头孢噻肟等抗生素敏感 ,可用之治疗     

小球藻紫外线诱变及高产藻株筛选

利用单细胞分离技术和紫外诱变育种技术,筛选高产小球藻株。通过单细胞分离技术获得的藻株Chlorella vul-garisQ7,生长速度和蛋白含量均优于其它藻株。以C.vulgarisQ7为出发株,进行紫外诱变,从120株诱变单克隆中筛选出3个株系:M51,M59,M73。与出发株相比,突变株M51,M59,M73的生长速率分别提高了6.23%,3.8%,5.92%。蛋白含量分别提高了2.5%,3.1%,1.9%。研究了诱变株的最适生长条件,结果表明在140μmol.m-2.s-1,25℃时,诱变株具有最大的生长速率和生物量。探讨了诱变株的遗传稳定性,结果表明诱变株可稳定遗传。     

香港巨牡蛎ISSR-PCR反应体系的建立及优化

以香港巨牡蛎（Crassostreahongkongensis）基因组DNA为模板,采用正交设计及单因素比较试验,分别对Mg^2＋、dNTPs、引物、TaqDNA聚合酶和DNA模板浓度的PCR原料进行优化,并通过温度梯度PCR,筛选适宜的退火温度。确立了香港巨牡蛎的最适ISSR—PCR反应体系：25μL反应体系中含PC...     

基于拓扑优化与多目标优化的集装箱相似畸变模型设计

使用相似原理构建缩尺模型是探究大型结构性能的最基本和最优途径。基于PATRAN软件的PCL语言与ISIGHT软件,提出一种联合静动力学、拓扑优化与多目标优化的集装箱相似畸变模型构建方法。利用拓扑优化的SIMP法(Solid Isotropic Material with Penalization)得到缩尺集装箱墙壁结构的最优材料分布,既保证了结构性能又降低了缩尺模型的重量;基于全局多目标算法建立优化模型,采用有限元方法对集装箱性能进行分析,以结构刚度和一阶模态频率为目标函数进行寻优,得到相似模型的最优设计参数。最终利用有限元分析验证该模型的合理性。结果表明:该方法具有一定的通用性,能为其它类似结构的相似模型构建提供参考。     

Phenomenological and global optimization inversion

This paper discusses geoacoustic inversion results based on benchmark range-dependent data using SAGA, a global inversion package, and using phenomenological inversions. In phenomenological inversions, physical and signal-processing approaches are used to enhance the data to extract specific features. The global optimization approach is carried out on complex-valued vertical array data, transmission loss data, and reverberation data. The importance of checking the solution is emphasized by inspecting the match with the data and the error estimates and by checking the solution using data that has not been used in constructing the solution. The results show that we are able to estimate the geoacoustic parameters and that these parameters could be used to predict the field for different frequencies and/or source-receiver geometry than used in the inversion.     

Hydrodynamic optimization of ship hull forms

An extremely simple CFD tool is used to compare the calm-water drags of a series of hull forms and to define ‘optimized’ monohull ships for which the total (friction+wave) calm-water drag is minimized. The friction drag is estimated using the classical ITTC formula. The wave drag is predicted using the zeroth-order slender-ship approximation. Comparisons of theoretical predictions and experimental measurements for a series of eight hull forms show that—despite the extreme simplicity of the method that is used here to estimate the friction drag and the wave drag—the method is able to rank the drags of a series of hull forms roughly in accordance with experimental measurements. Thus, the method may be used, with appropriate caution, as a practical hull form design and optimization tool. For purposes of illustration, optimized hull forms that have the same displacement and waterplane transverse moment of inertia as the classical Wigley hull, taken as initial hull in the optimization process, are determined for three speeds and for a speed range.     

Robust optimization for ship conceptual design

The paper presents an approach for the robust optimization of a bulk carrier conceptual design, subject to uncertain operating and environmental conditions. The uncertainties involved in the optimization process are addressed and a general formulation for robust design is given. Specifically, the uncertainties involved in the decision making process are taken into account by means of their probabilistic distributions. The expected values and the standard deviations of the relevant quantities are assessed and included in the optimization objectives, whereas the constraints are evaluated in the worst case. This leads to a robust design able to keep a good performance in the whole probabilistic operating scenario. A particle swarm optimization algorithm is used for the global minimization process, minimizing the expectation and the standard deviation of the unit transportation cost.     

Stochastic optimization of linear sparse arrays

In conventional beamforming systems, the use of aperiodic arrays is a powerful way to obtain high resolution employing few elements and avoiding the presence of grating lobes. The optimized design of such arrays is a required task in order to control the side-lobe level and distribution. In this paper, an optimization method aimed at designing aperiodic linear sparse arrays with great flexibility is proposed. Simulated annealing, which is a stochastic optimization methodology, has been utilized to synthesize the positions and the weight coefficients of the elements of a linear array in order to minimize the peak of the sidelobes and to obtain a beam pattern that meets given requirements. An important novelty is the fact that the latter goal can be achieved in parallel to the minimization of both the number of elements and the spatial aperture, resulting in a “global” optimization of the array characteristics. The great freedom that simulated annealing allows in defining the energy function to be minimized is the main reason for the notable versatility and the good results of the proposed method. Such results show an improvement in the array characteristics and performances over those reported in the literature     

Hydrodynamic shape optimization of thin floating plates

In this work, the problem of optimizing the shape of a thin floating plate (sometimes called a dock) to maximize radiation damping is investigated. The plate is modeled with zero draft and floats on the surface of an irrotational, incompressible ocean of infinite extent. For simplicity, only rigid heave motions are considered. The flow problem is analyzed using the Chen and Mei variational principle wherein the potential field inside a hemisphere surrounding the plate is represented using a spherical harmonic expansion and matched on the hemisphere to an outer field described by distributing sources on the hemisphere. The plate shape is parameterized using a Fourier series which is suitable for use with the variational principle. Gradients of the damping coefficient with respect to the shape parameters are developed by solving an adjoint flow problem whose potential is shown to be a scalar multiple of the original flow potential. Optimal plate shapes are determined using the well-known optimization code NPSOL which makes use of the damping coefficient calculation and gradients.     

海洋平台结构形状与拓扑优化设计

以实际环境荷载作用下的实际海洋导管架平台结构为对象，研究了海洋平台结构在风，流，海冰等多荷载模式和多荷载工况下的优化设计的理论方法和应用技术，建立了结构尺寸优化，形状优化和拓扑优化问题的统一模型。计算结果反映出形状优化比尺寸优化所得设计更优，而拓扑优化的设计效果最好。不同的荷载工况对应的最优拓扑形式不同，因此在实际设计中应考虑实际的荷载工况，选取不同的拓扑形式。     

麻痹性贝毒在毛蚶体内的转化过程研究

麻痹性贝毒能够在贝类体内累积,威胁海产品消费者健康。在以往调查中,多次在毛蚶(Scapharca subcrenata)体内发现高含量的麻痹性贝毒,但对于毛蚶体内麻痹性贝毒的转化过程及其食品安全风险还缺乏认识。通过室内模拟实验,选择太平洋亚历山大藻(Alexandrium pacificum)和链状裸甲藻(Gymnodinium catenatum)作为产毒藻种,研究了两种有毒藻种所产麻痹性贝毒在毛蚶体内的转化过程。结果表明,毛蚶体内主要出现了三种麻痹性贝毒转化过程,一是R1位羟基的还原反应,二是N-磺酰氨甲酰基类毒素R4位磺酸基团的水解反应,三是含羟基苯甲酸(hydroxybenzoate)基团的链状裸甲藻毒素在R4位的水解反应。毛蚶体内麻痹性贝毒的生物转化过程复杂,对毛蚶毒性的影响具有一定的不确定性,未来仍需要进一步深化毛蚶体内毒素累积、代谢、转化过程的研究,同时加强对毛蚶体内毒素含量的全面监测,防范毛蚶可能导致的麻痹性贝毒中毒风险。     

基于脂质组学的海洋颗石藻病毒甾醇去饱和酶及脂肪酸去饱和酶基因功能分析

赫氏颗石藻(Emiliania huxleyi)宿主-病毒(E.huxleyi virus,EhV)的互作过程是影响海洋碳、硫生物地球化学循环及气候变化的重要环节。在共进化过程中,Eh V通过基因水平转移从宿主基因组中“劫获”了一组鞘脂从头合成相关酶基因,重构宿主脂代谢网络以支持病毒的特殊需求。目前,对病毒这组相关酶基因的生物学功能尚不十分清楚。以颗石藻病毒Eh V-99B1基因组中的甾醇去饱和酶(EhV-SD)和脂肪酸去饱和酶(Eh V-FAD)基因为研究对象,构建酿酒酵母重组表达载体p YES2/CT-SD和p YES2/CT-FAD,转化相应的基因缺陷型酵母菌株YMR015C和YGL055W获得重组酵母细胞株,进一步采用UPLC-Q-Exactive-MS非靶向脂质组学技术,比较分析重组酵母和缺陷型酵母细胞脂质的组成和含量变化。结果显示,Eh V-SD与Eh V-FAD基因在酿酒酵母中成功表达并具有生物学活性。Eh V-SD过表达显著改变了重组酵母细胞脂质代谢,含多不饱和酰基链的磷脂酰胆碱(PC,20︰4/20︰5/20︰6)和甘油三酯(TAG,12︰3)种类的丰度显著升高;而部...