震源孕育的追赶模式

本文提出了一种一维震源孕育模型。用数学物理方法分析了该模型在地震前的孕育过程和各种物理量的变化规律,提出了震源孕育的追赶模式。追赶模式对纵波速度、地壳运动的前兆异常可作出解释,说明该模式是研究地震前兆的一种可能的力学基础.     

太阳γ及β_γ黑子磁埸区大耀斑的地磁效应

本文研究了1938-1958年间,太阳γ及βγ黑子磁場区的3級与3~+級大耀斑的地磁效应。用相关及迴归分析法,計算了太阳赤緯、日軸方位角及耀斑的日面經緯度等因素对于磁扰的彭响。根据分析結果,繪出了日面地磁扰动等值图。利用水手2号飞船上量譜仪測出的太阳风速度和相应的地磁A_p指数,算出了相关关系,并用此和上述日面地磁扰动等值图配合,推算了在耀斑发生以后,太阳风的径向分量沿地球軌道的分布。参考文內各相应的曲线,可以約略估計出耀斑发生后地磁A_p指数的大小。     

北京地区吱声观测的初步分析

本文利用北京台（磁纬29°N）1975年12月到1978年8月期间的吱声资料进行分析,得到了低电离层等效高度和高阶模出现率的初步结果,即:（1）等效高度,白天约为85公里,夜间约为100公里;（2）高阶模出现率,白天小于27％,夜间大于89％。并且还对地磁扰动的影响作了粗浅的讨论。     

測量速度与积分电路时間常数的乘积（υ×τ）对自然伽（亻马）測井曲线的影响

一、引言目前,在勘探和开发放射性矿床、石油和其它有用矿藏的工作中,已广泛地应用自然伽（亻馬）測井。一般地說,在这些工作中,不仅需要根据自然伽（亻馬）測井曲线确定目的层的厚度及深度,而且在确定矿层的放射性元素合量、貯油层的合泥量与渗透率等工作中,还必須根据自然伽（亻馬）測井曲綫确定代表地层放射性的真正曲线幅度值。     

LGWRES – LIFE OF GROUND-WATER RESERVES

Abstract. LGWRES is a simplistic program, for the HP-41C series of programmable calculators, to determine the lifetime of ground-water reserves in years; total use over the lifetime of the reserves; precentage of domestic and agricultural uses; additional years of possible agricultural use realized by dedicating the domestic use to agriculture; and percentages of total use, domestic use, and agricultural use that could be sustained by annual replenishment to the ground-water reserves, within the "safe yield" concept.     

呼图壁21号温泉动水位“脉冲”式异常的初步分析

引言1 999年 6月 ,呼图壁 2 1号温泉动水位变化一反常态 ,出现“脉冲”式小幅跳跃 ,同时伴随有大量气体团状上涌 ;至 1 999年 9月 2 3日轮台 5 .1级地震发生当日 ,日“脉冲”频次达最高峰 ;此后“脉冲”逐渐减少 ,1 1月份以后完全消失 ,动水位恢复原有稳定下降趋势。探求此次异常的形成机制 ,将有利于加深我们对地震的认识。1　观测点地理地质环境呼图壁 2 1号温泉地处呼图壁河上游西岸、白杨河沟口之南 (东经 86°3 3′3 0″,北纬 43°43′44″) ,海拔高度 1 40 0 m。泉水的电导度为 0 .78m/Ω,p H值为 7.2 5 ,矿化度为 0 .44g/L,溶解氡含…     

地球膨胀构造动力物理模拟的相似性研究

按照地球膨胀学说进行全球构造动力物理模拟的相似性研究，得到了膨胀地球岩石层弹性球壳力学模型的方程分析相似准则和地幔物质沿膨胀裂谷通道上涌流动的方程分析相似准则．按照各相似准则的约束，计算得到了满足与膨胀地球原型相似的模型参数：膨胀初始半径为０．４６ｍ；原始岩石层的厚度、密度分别为３×１０^－３ｍ和（１．２－１．８）×１０ｋｇ／ｍ^３，其强度为１０^４Ｐａ；原始地球膨胀内压为４．２５×１０^４Ｐａ；原始地表重力为－１．２５×１０^－２Ｎ／ｋｇ；上涌物质密度、粘度分别为１．２×１０^２ｋｇ／ｍ^３和２×１０^２Ｐａ·ｓ；原始地幔物质上涌厚度、速度和加速度分别为２．５×１０^－２ｍ，２．０×１０^－３ｍ／ｓ和３×１０^２ｍ／s²．由此表明材料物性等条件能够较好地满足原型要求的模型条件．     

狠批孔孟的“天命论”——积极搞好地震预报研究工作

地震是一种自然现象,是地球自身不停顿地运动的结果。认识和掌握地震及其规律问题,一直存在着两种不同的世界观的斗争。 能不能“知天”?孔丘、孟轲之流大力宣扬“天命论”鼓吹“天是有人格有意志的神”,胡说什么“死生有命,富贵在天”;老聃、庄周之辈则大谈“至人无为”,什么“死生、存亡、穷达、贫富……是事之变,命之行也”。总之,他们都是为了维护奴隶主的统治,让奴隶们永远受压迫和剥削。因此,他们就欺骗人民,愚昧人民,他们利用人们当时对“天”认识的局限性,     

铀矿层真实厚度的确定和最佳测井点距

本文讨论了最佳测井点距的选择原理,其最佳值大致为8-12.5cm.并从原理上分析了矿层解释厚度增大的主要原因:根据离散测量值所作的分层解释结果必然导致矿层解释厚度的增大.大量的模型测量结果完全证实了理论分析的正确性,并且还提出了合适的解决办法.     

PATTERNS—WITH A PINCH OF SALT *

The time-honoured method of attenuating coherent noise in the seismic record is by the use of source and geophone arrays. In theory, and using methods familiar in the synthesis of digital frequency filters, arrays can be designed having virtually any desired response in the wavenumber spectrum. In practice, arrays cannot be implemented with the same precision that is applied in design. The response actually achieved must be compromized by a number of factors. These include inaccuracies in the effectiveness or positioning of individual array elements, variations in ground coupling, and the effect of local heterogenities in the environment of the array. We have no reliable way of knowing how well a particular array will perform from one location to the next. Statistical modelling methods have been applied to examine the effects of implementation errors. Experimental results, supported by statistical theory, show that errors are expected to impose a limit upon the rejection capabilities of an array. The expected limiting value of attenuation due to errors in element weights is inversely proportional to the standard deviation of errors and directly proportional to the square root of the number of array elements. Position errors exert a limiting influence which is wavenumber dependent such that attenuation decreases with increasing wavenumber. For arrays of common dimensions, Gaussian random errors of 10% standard deviation in element weights and positions result in an expected attenuation limit of about 30 dB. It follows that the more ambitious array designs are less tolerant of errors, and must be implemented with greater care and precision in the field. The present work enables us to specify tolerances for any particular array design. Ultimately, the degree of pattern refinement which may be effectively employed in any area is determined by errors which are associated with the array environment. Complex arrays are expensive to operate. In order to avoid over-design it would be useful to establish the magnitude of errors to be expected under different terrain conditions.     

青藏高原北部地区强震演化过程研究

研究了青藏高原北部地区≥ 7级地震时空分布特征、孕育演化过程,并探讨了物理解释。结果表明,本地区≥ 7级地震空间上受区内主要活动断裂控制,发震间隔时间具有一定的规律性;同时,本地区≥ 7级地震的孕震演化过程具有共性行为,表现为孕震构造10年尺度的大范围中强震平静,研究区2～ 5年尺度的中强震频发,末次中强震的时空任意性等特征,对区域地震分析预报具有实用价值。     

DISCUSSION: APPLICATION OF THE QDa–Md METHOD OF ENVIRONMENTAL DISCRIMINATION TO PARTICLE SIZE ANALYSIS OF FINE SEDIMENTS

Duck's recent finding (R. W. Duck, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 1994, 19 , 525–529) that QDa and Md parameters derived from pipette and SediGraph analysis of sediments from Loch Tummel returned similar results can be interpreted in two ways. The observed consistency could result from (i) a general agreement between the methods (as is suggested by Duck) or (ii) from the use of inappropriate parameters (Md and QDa) to describe polymodal distributions.     

FIRST REPORT OF BERO ZECO ACTIVE FAULT IN GÊRZÊ, NORTHERN TIBET

In the interior of the Tibetan Plateau, the active tectonics are primarily marked by conjugate strike slip faults and north-trending rifts, which represent the E-W extension since late Cenozoic of the plateau. The conjugate faults are mainly composed of NE-trending left-lateral strike-slip faults in Qiangtang terrane and NW-trending right-lateral strike-slip faults in Lhasa terrane. While, the rifts mainly strike N, NNW and NNE within southern Tibet. However, it is still a debate on the deformational style and specific adjustment mechanism of E-W extension. One of key reasons causing this debate is the lack of detailed investigation of these active faults, especially within the northwestern plateau. Recently, we found a 20km long, NNW-trending active fault at Bero Zeco in northwestern Tibet. This fault is presented as fault sag ponds, channel offsets and fault scarps. Displacement of channels and geomorphic features suggested that the Bero Zeco Fault(BZF)is a dextral strike-slip fault with a small amount of normal slip component, which may result from the E-W extensional deformation in the interior of Tibet. BZF strikes N330°~340°W, as shown on the satellite image. The main Quaternary strata in the studied area are two stages alluvial fans around the Bero Zeco. From the satellite images, the old alluvial fans were cut by the lake shoreline leaving many of lake terraces. And the young fans cut across the lake terraces and the old fans. By contrasting to the "Paleo-Qiangtang Huge Lake" since late Quaternary, these old alluvial fans could be late Pleistocene with age ranging from 40ka to 50ka. And the young fans could be Holocene. The sag ponds along the BZF are distributed in the late Pleistocene alluvial fans. Also, the BZF displaced the late Pleistocene fans without traces within Holocene fans, suggesting that the BZF is a late Pleistocene active fault. The fault scarps are gentler with the slope angle of around 10° and the vertical offset is about 2m by field measurement. Reconstruction of the offset of channels suggested that the accumulated dextral offset could be about 44m on the late Pleistocene alluvial fans. Therefore, we infer that the dextral slip-rate could be around 1mm/a showing a low-rate deformation characteristic. The angle between the strike of BZF and principal compressive stress axis(σ₁)is around 30°, which is significantly different to the other faults within the conjugate strike-slip fault zones that is 60°~75°. Now, the deformation mechanisms on these conjugate faults are mainly proposed in the studies of obtuse angle between the faults and σ₁, which is likely not applicable for the BZF. We infer that the BZF could be the northward prolongation of the north-trending rifts based on the geometry. This difference suggests that the conjugate strike-slip faults may be formed by two different groups:one is obtuse angle, which is related to block extrusion or shear zones in Lhasa and Qiangtang terranes possibly; the other is acute angle, which may represent the characteristics of new-born fractures. And more studies are needed on their deformation mechanisms.