共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 31 毫秒
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为了分析与雷达探测方向相反方向的障碍物对雷达采集数据的影响,以探地雷达理论为基础,运用时域有限差分法(FDTD),建立相应的地质模型,进行探地雷达二维正演模拟。结合工程实例,对福建某隧道的雷达探测数据进行分析研究。研究结果表明,在使用探地雷达进行目标体探测时电磁波并非仅向探测方向发射和传播,在天线的四周都会有电磁波发射出来,而非探测方向上的电磁波将会对雷达采集的数据产生一定的影响,干扰数据解释人员解译的准确性。因此在使用探地雷达和解译雷达数据时,要了解现场环境和剔除干扰波,做到对探测目标体的正确判断。 相似文献
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钻孔雷达探测地下裂缝 总被引:6,自引:3,他引:3
钻孔雷达是地质雷达的一种特殊模式,与通常的地质雷达比起来,有几个显著的特点。比如,利用钻孔接近地下的某个区域,天线可以相对接近所要测量的地质异常体或目标,从而导致在较深的范围对目标的精确测量。实验场地位于北京西部的一个石灰岩的小山上。该处有一组钻孔,并被大量的裂缝所切割。在这些钻孔中,进行了单孔反射测量和跨孔测量。测量的数据经过处理和解释表明,在该场地雷达的径向探测范围可达30 m,地下裂缝的分布可以形成清晰的图像。可以看到很多裂缝,它们距钻孔的距离及倾角都可以确定下来。在有些情况下,确定裂缝分布的方位是可能的。 相似文献
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A procedure is described for the simulation of rainfall radar reflectivity (absolute and differential) measurements by dual linear polarization meteorological radars. The basic requirement that the proposed procedure aims at satisfying is that radar data obtained at the end of the process be correlated in a physically plausible manner to the rainfall field at ground, the latter being generated by means of a stochastic space-time rainfall model. The main goal of the model is to give the possibility to easily check the accuracy of radar rainfall estimates derived by means of procedures and algorithms aimed at minimizing or compensating for the effects of measurement errors associated with several types of meteorological events, with particular reference to requirements of hydrogeological forecast systems. Within the limits imposed by the validity of the adopted model, an analysis was carried out indicating general criteria that may be adopted to achieve a better accuracy in rainfall estimates and a full exploitation of the advantages offered by the radar dual polarization measurement technique. 相似文献
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Mingyue Lu Min Chen Xinhao Wang Manzhu Yu Yongyao Jiang Chaowei Yang 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2018,77(24):804
Weather radar data, which have obvious spatial characteristics, represent an important and essential data source for weather identification and prediction, and the multi-dimensional visualization and analysis of such data in a three-dimensional (3D) environment are important strategies for meteorological assessments of potentially disastrous weather. The previous studies have generally used regular 3D raster grids as a basic structure to represent radar data and reconstruct convective clouds. However, conducting weather radar data analyses based on regular 3D raster grids is time-consuming and inefficient, because such analyses involve considerable amounts of tedious data interpolation, and they cannot be used to address real-time situations or provide rapid-response solutions. Therefore, a new 3D modelling strategy that can be used to efficiently represent and analyse radar data is proposed in this article. According to the mode by which the radar data are obtained, the proposed 3D modelling strategy organizes the radar data using logical objects entitled radar-point, radar-line, radar-sector, and radar-cluster objects. In these logical objects, the radar point is the basic object that carries the real radar data unit detected from the radar scan, and the radar-line, radar-sector, and radar-cluster objects organize the radar-point collection in different spatial levels that are consistent with the intrinsic spatial structure of the radar scan. Radar points can be regarded as spatial points, and their spatial structure can support logical objects; thus, the radar points can be flexibly connected to construct continuous surface data with quads and volume data with hexahedron cells without additional tedious data interpolation. This model can be used to conduct corresponding operations, such as extracting an isosurface with the marching cube method and a radar profile with a designed sectioning algorithm to represent the outer and inner structure of a convective cloud. Finally, a case study is provided to verify that the proposed 3D modelling strategy has a better performance in radar data analysis and can intuitively and effectively represent the 3D structure of convective clouds. 相似文献
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同时实现地质雷达数据地形校正和偏移成像的方法 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3
起伏地形使地质雷达图像变得复杂、地层界面的反射同相轴畸变、绕射同相轴严重偏离双曲线形状.提出了用麦克斯韦方程逆时偏移的方法同时实现地形校正和偏移成像以消除地形的影响.该方法将等偏移距逆时记录作为在接收点位置处的电流源,用时间域有限差分法求介质中的波场,输入波场退为零时刻时的空间电场分布即为地形校正和偏移成像结果.由于地形校正也是基于波动方程实现的,因此它比基于射线理论的常规静校正方法精确.通过比较该方法与常规静校正加逆时偏移之效果可知,该方法能更准确地对起伏地形下方的金属管线等绕射体成像. 相似文献
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多普勒天气雷达风场反演技术研究进展 总被引:15,自引:0,他引:15
多普勒天气雷达是研究中小尺度天气系统的重要工具,但却只能提供风场的径向速度,因而必须通过风场反演技术来求解二维或三维风场。详细分析了各种单部、多部和多基地多普勒天气雷达风场反演技术及其优缺点,同时指出了应重点研究的方向。从反演结果来看,基于变分法的反演技术明显优于其它方法,这是今后的一个主要研究方向;利用四维同化理论,在数值模式初始场中使用反演数据,是反演技术应用的重点。 相似文献
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LARS NIELSEN ADAM SCHACK VON BROCKDORFF MORTEN BJERAGER FINN SURLYK 《Sedimentology》2009,56(3):695-708
Bryozoan mounds from the middle Danian (Lower Palaeocene) of the Danish Basin represent a possibly new class of non‐cemented skeletal mounds. The sedimentology and palaeoecology of the mounds have recently been studied in detail. Three‐dimensional images of middle Danian bryozoan mound structures in the Limhamn limestone quarry, south‐west Sweden, obtained from combined reflected ground‐penetrating radar signals and outcrop analysis provide new information about the architecture and growth development of such mounds. The mounds are composed of bryozoan limestone and dark‐grey to black flint bands which outline mound geometries. Ground‐penetrating radar data sections are collected over a 120 m by 60 m grid of data lines with trace spacing of 0·25 m, providing a depth penetration of 7 to 12 m and a vertical resolution of ca 0·30 m. The ground‐penetrating radar images outline the geometry of the internal layering of the mounds which, typically, have widths and lengths of 30 to 60 m and heights of 5 to 10 m. Mound architecture and growth show great variability in the ground‐penetrating radar images. Small‐scale mound structures with a palaeorelief of only a few metres may constitute the basis for growth of larger mounds. The outermost beds of the individual mounds are commonly characterized by sub‐parallel to parallel reflections which have a circular to slightly oval appearance in map view. The mounds are mainly aggrading and do not show clear signs of pronounced lateral migration during growth, although some mound structures indicate a preferential growth direction towards the south. Growth patterns interpreted from the ground‐penetrating radar images suggest that the palaeocurrents in the study area may have shown great variability, even on a small scale. This observation is in contrast to results from studies of extensive, slightly older early Danian mound complexes exposed in coastal cliffs at Stevns Klint and Karlby Klint located 50 and 200 km away from the study area, respectively. At these locations the mounds show a remarkably uniform development and typically are asymmetrical, clearly showing migration directions towards the south. These differences in mound geometry may be the result of differences in the current systems and water depths that existed during formation of the early and middle Danian mounds, respectively. The mounds at Limhamn were located closer to the basin margin in shallower water than those at Stevns Klint and Karlby Klint. In addition, the difference in mound architecture may be due to the occurrence of non‐layered, irregular coral mounds intercalated with the bryozoan mounds at Limhamn. 相似文献
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Ground‐penetrating radar has not been applied widely to the recognition of ancient carbonate platform geometries. This article reports the results of an integrated study performed on an Upper Jurassic outcrop from the south‐east Paris basin, where coral bioherms laterally change into prograding depositional sequences. Ground‐penetrating radar profiles illustrate the different bedding planes and major erosional unconformities visible at outcrop. A ground‐penetrating radar profile conducted at the base of the cliff displays a palaeotopographic surface on which the outcropping bioherms settled. The excellent penetration depths of the ground‐penetrating radar (20 m with a monostatic 200 MHz antenna) images the carbonate platform geometries, ranging between outcrop workscale (a few metres) and seismic scale (several hundreds of metres). This study supports recent evidence of icehouse conditions and induced sea‐level fluctuations controlling the Upper Jurassic carbonate production. 相似文献
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The coastline constitutes a very sensitive geomorphic domain constantly subjected to dynamic coastal processes. The study
of its ever-changing physiography and stratigraphy provides a wealth of information on its history and evolution, in many
cases at decadal and annual scales. The present study was carried out on the Modwa beach complex between Rawal Pir and Modwa,
about 10 km east of Mandvi on the northern coast of the Gulf of Kachchh. The Modwa spit is a 7-km long WNW-ESE trending prograding
amalgamated beach ridge complex that is about 0.5 km wide at its western end and 1.5 km wide at its eastern end. This Ground-Penetrating
Radar (GPR) survey delineated a variety of the radar surfaces and radar facies which reflects not only large scale sedimentary
architecture, but depositional facies of the beach ridge complex. These are bounding surfaces separating the radar facies
outline beach ridge (br), washover (wo), coastal dune (cd) and swale (sw) depositional environments. The internal sedimentary
structures like tangential, parallel, concave and convex upward stratifications could also be visualized from the GPR profiles.
The architecture suggests the formation of this complex due to a combined process of eastward littoral drift of locally derived
sediments and its onshore deposition by storms and eolian activities. 相似文献
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Hidden subvertical discontinuities oriented parallel to subparallel to the exposed faces of outcropping sandstone were effectively mapped at three different study sites in central Missouri using a ground-penetrating radar system (GPR) equipped with a 400-MHz monostatic antenna and a survey wheel. At each site, a suite of 2-D ground-penetrating radar profiles were acquired along multiple closely spaced traverses on relatively smooth exposed rock surfaces. Time-zero correction was applied to the raw GPR data which were then processed using band-pass filtering, range and display gain, color transformation, and deconvolution techniques. Pseudo 3D images of each identified discontinuity at each site were constructed based on the interpretation of the nonmigrated ground-penetrating radar profiles. These pseudo 3D images were hand-migrated and transformed into true 3D images which depict variable depths at “perpendicular horizontal distance” to each discontinuity relative to the exposed rock face. The results demonstrate that GPR can be used to detect and map hidden discontinuities. This information can then be used for rock slope stability analysis and rock engineering purposes. 相似文献
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Automated detection of snow avalanches is an important tool for avalanche forecasting and for assessing the effectiveness of avalanche control measures at bad visibility. Avalanche detection systems are usually based on infrasound, seismic, or radar signals. Within this study, we compared three different types of avalanche detection systems: one avalanche radar, one infrasound array system consisting of four infrasound sensors, and a newly developed single sensor infrasound system. A special focus is given to the new single sensor system, which is a low cost, easy to install system, originally designed for the detection of debris flows and debris floods. Within this work, we analysed how this single sensor system could be adapted to detect also snow avalanches. All three systems were installed close to a road near Ischgl (Tyrol, Austria) at the avalanche-exposed Paznaun Valley. The valley is endangered by two avalanche paths which are controlled by several avalanche towers. The radar system detected avalanches accurately and reliably but was limited to the particular avalanche path towards which the radar beam was directed. The infrasound array could detect avalanches from all surrounding avalanche paths, however, with a higher effort for installation. The newly tested single infrasound sensor system was significantly cheaper and easier to install than the other two systems. It could also detect avalanches form all directions, although without information about the direction. In summary, each of the three different systems was able to successfully detect avalanches and had its particular strengths and weaknesses, which should be considered according to the specific requirements of a particular practical application. 相似文献
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KOEN VAN DEN BRIL COLETTE GREGOIRE† RUDY SWENNEN SEBASTIEN LAMBOT‡§ 《Sedimentology》2007,54(4):949-967
A combined study of radar profiles and thin section analysis supported by modelling of synthetic radar traces reveals that ground-penetrating radar (GPR) reflections generated in diagenetically altered sandstones cannot always be interpreted unequivocally. This is illustrated in the Luxembourg Sandstone Formation, which has been altered diagenetically by selective carbonate cementation and fracturing. Cemented lenses and concretions developed along the bedding planes, especially at places with high primary carbonate content. Cementation resulted in the alternation of cemented carbonate-rich sandy layers (thickness 30–50 cm and variable length) and uncemented carbonate-poor sandstone layers. The ability of GPR to detect the geometry of these lenses and vertical fractures with centimetre apertures has been tested at several antenna frequencies (100, 200, 250 and 500 MHz). Relative dielectric permittivity calculations were carried out to assess variations of this electric property within the cemented and uncemented layers as a function of porosity, calcite and water content in the pores. Two-dimensional full waveform modelling was also carried out to study the effect of conductivity in the sandstones and the effect of interlayer clay seams. At the penetration depth of the radar (7 m with 250 MHz), cemented lenses and concretions could only be detected with GPR when the porosity contrast was sufficiently high, which is not always the case. This conclusion is supported by the modelling. The data also proved the ability of radar to detect large open vertical fractures along which sandstones are weathered. The study has implications for investigations which will use GPR to detect three-dimensional distribution of diagenetic pore filling precipitates as well as secondary porosity development along fractures. 相似文献
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Internal structure of mixed-sand-and-gravel beach deposits revealed using ground-penetrating radar 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:4
ABSTRACT Mixed‐sand‐and‐gravel beaches are a distinctive type of coarse‐clastic beach. Ground‐penetrating radar (GPR) and photographic records of previous excavations are used to investigate the stratigraphy and internal sedimentary structure of mixed‐beach deposits at Aldeburgh in Suffolk, south‐east England. The principles of radar stratigraphy are used to describe and interpret migrated radar reflection profiles obtained from the study site. The application of radar stratigraphy allows the delineation of both bounding surfaces (radar surfaces) and the intervening beds or bed sets (radar facies). The deposits of the main backshore berm ridge consist of seaward‐dipping bounding surfaces that are gently onlapped by seaward‐dipping bed sets. Good correspondence is observed between a sequence of beach profiles, which record development of the berm ridge on the backshore, and the berm ridge's internal structure. The beach‐profile data also indicate that backshore berm ridges at Aldeburgh owe their origin to discrete depositional episodes related to storm‐wave activity. Beach‐ridge plain deposits at the study site consist of a complex, progradational sequence of foreshore, berm‐ridge, overtop and overwash deposits. Relict berm‐ridge deposits, separated by seaward‐dipping bounding surfaces, form the main depositional element beneath the beach‐ridge plain. However, the beach ridges themselves are formed predominantly of vertically stacked overtop/overwash units, which lie above the berm‐ridge deposits. Consequently, beach‐ridge development in this progradational, mixed‐beach setting must have occurred when conditions favoured overtopping and overwashing of the upper beachface. Interannual to decadal variations in wave climate, antecedent beach morphology, shoreline progradation rate and sea level are identified as the likely controlling factors in the development of such suitable conditions. 相似文献
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Rockfalls are major natural hazards in mountainous regions and as such monitored if they pose a high risk to people or infrastructure. Ground-based radar interferometry is a relatively new technique suitable for such monitoring. It offers the potential for determining sub-mm- to mm-level displacements by remote measurements under various weather conditions. To avoid damage from smaller rocks and debris, critical surfaces are often protected by rockfall catch fences. We present an experimental investigation proving that the radar measurements are indeed significantly affected by a catch fence made of steel even if its mesh size is larger compared to that of the wavelength of the radar. A stable rock wall in a quarry was monitored by means of a ground-based synthetic aperture radar for 2 days. Different fences varying in shape, size, and density of mesh and in various geometrical configurations were erected at different locations for short periods of time during the experiment. We show that for surfaces observed through the fence, the reflected power can be reduced by 20 dB and thus the signal-to-noise ratio is significantly deteriorated. We also observed spurious interferometric phase shifts. Even parts of the rock wall not covered by the fences are affected. Side lobes and mixed pixels result, e.g., in severe loss of coherence and thus potentially mask actual displacements. 相似文献