Saline-alkali land in the Yellow River Delta: amelioration zonation based on GIS

Globally, an estimated land area of 9.55×108 ha is affected by salinity and sodicity[1]. In the Yellow River Delta, saline-alkali land covers more than 70% of the total area. Soil salinization is the key factor that influences sustainable agricultural development. Geographic information system (GIS) is a powerful tool for spatial data analysis, which can be used to analyze data from different sources for saline-alkali land monitoring. Based on GIS, zonation of saline-alkali land can provi…     

黑龙江哈尔滨白渔泡国家湿地公园沼泽、林地和农田土壤物理、化学和生物性质差异

为了揭示黑龙江哈尔滨白渔泡国家湿地公园沼泽、林地和农田土壤物理、化学和生物性质的差异,于2018年7月25日~8月2日,在湿地公园内,在天然芦苇(Phragmites australis)沼泽、林地、旱田和水田中设置采样地,采集不同深度(0~10 cm、10~20 cm和20~30 cm)的土壤样品,测定土壤样品的物理、化学和生物指标。研究结果表明,白渔泡国家湿地公园不同采样地土壤指标存在差异;与天然芦苇沼泽土壤相比,其它采样地土壤的含水量明显偏低,土壤全氮、全磷、碱解氮和有机质含量都明显偏小,水田土壤速效磷含量偏大;天然芦苇沼泽土壤脲酶、硝酸还原酶、纤维素酶、蛋白酶和β-葡萄糖苷酶活性都高于林地和农田土壤,水田0~10 cm和10~20 cm深度土壤的硝酸还原酶活性显著高于旱田和林地;与天然芦苇沼泽土壤相比,旱田土壤小于0.25 mm的小团聚体含量偏大,而其它采样地土壤的各粒级团聚体的比例变化较小,水田土壤团聚体平均重量直径比天然芦苇沼泽和旱田土壤低。     

基于TM光谱特征的沼泽地定量提取模式研究

要从TM影像上定量提取沼泽地信息就必须首先获取TM数据中的沼泽地波谱信息这个最基本参数。以2000年7月TM数据为数据源,在ERDAS和PCI等遥感软件支持下,运用灰度分析方法分析沼泽地及背景地物光谱特征,并以一条光谱采样剖面线分析沼泽地内部光谱结构。最终,建立了基于前述光谱特征的三个关于沼泽地信息的定量提取模式,定量提取了沼泽地的植被、积水信息以及与水田区别的参数,具有计算机上运算的可行性。     

The spatial-temporal dynamic characteristics of the marsh in the Sanjiang Plain

Using the methods of combining landscape ecology with GIS spatial analysis, this paper analyses the dynamics of the marsh landscape structure of the Sanjiang Plain in the past 20 years, furthermore, taking Fujin County, located in the north of the plain, as an example, analyzes the conversion between marsh and other land use types. It is shown that the marsh in the Sanjiang Plain decreased greatly in the past 20 years, but the trend has begun to reverse. The marsh area decreased by 51.33% from 1980 to 1996, whereas it decreased by 4.19% from 1996 to 2000. The fragmentation of the marsh increased; the number of the patches increased by 326 from 1986 to 1996, whereas it only increased by 18 patches from 1996 to 2000. It is obvious that the speed of patches number diminished and the marsh fragmentation decreased, which shows that the reclamation of the marsh converted from the fragmentation to the brim in a large area of the marsh. The reclaimed marsh has mainly converted to paddy field and dry land. Large-scale reclamation in the Sanjiang Plain influences its natural environment directly: the climate of the region turns from cold and wet to warm and dry, which makes the marsh both in the low-temperature northern part and in the deeply stagnant eastern part suitable for further agricultural development.     

三江平原沼泽湿地时空动态特征

1IntroductionThe wetland ecosystem is the latest one understood by humans and it is the most seriously damaged ecosystem (Williams, 1991). The Sanjiang Plain, located in northeast China, is the largest concentrated area of freshwater wetland in China. Since the 1950s, large-scale reclamation of the marsh in the Sanjiang Plain has been started. According to statistics, the natural marsh has lost about 80% of its total area. The marsh resources in the Sanjiang Plain decreased greatly and the…     

广东省土地管理信息系统的设计与应用

采用遥感（ＧＩＳ）与地理信息系统（ＧＩＳ）相结合的方法研制的土地管理信息系统能为广东省土地管理部门提供科学,快捷,有效的管理手段,文中重点讨论了广东省土地管理信息系统的设计目标,结构与功能,并介绍了土地管理信息系统的应用实例,指出建立规范化,标准化的土地管理系统的重要性以及统一的规范数据统计单元的必要性。     

民勤绿洲地区土地资源结构及其合理利用

对干旱区内陆河流域下游具代表性的民勤绿洲地区土地资源结构进行了系统研究分析,得出了民勤绿洲各级各类土地资源的数量。就限制绿洲土地生产潜力的因素及强度进行了研究,其中水分限制占30.87%,土质限制占25.74%,盐碱限制占15.96%,肥力限制占8.96%。最后就土地资源结构与土地利用的合理匹配问题提出了两点建议:一是要加强农业部门结构和地域结构的优化调整;二是搞好水土资源结构平衡。     

Sedimentation effects of the Dongting Lake Area

According to a long series of measured sediment data, the sedimentation effects of the Dongting Lake Area (DLA) were studied in light of the relationship between sedimentation characteristics and resources and environment. The result shows that the long-term deposition and the impact of human activities have led to a cycle of the evolution of sedimentation pattern, resulting in sediment disaster effects and resources effects in the DLA. The main features are as follows: 1) The water beach, silt beach, lake marsh beach, reed beach and other types of beach shaped by sedimentation effects constitute the main body of the giant lake system. 2) The disaster chains are induced, i.e., sedimentation → marshland expansion and reclamation → flood function decline, fish resource depletion, biodiversity reduction disaster chain, sedimentation → marshland expansion → floods, water pollution disaster chain, sedimentation → marshland floating vegetation rising → schistosomiasis, rodents virulence disaster chain, sedimentation → flood embankment bursting → land desertification disaster chain. 3) Sedimentation has created about 98.13×104 hm2 of land in the past 55 years. Rational development and utilization of marshland resources have produced tremendous economic benefits.     

甘肃省玛曲县沼泽湿地遥感监测与动态变化分析

利用2000年和2006年TM影像数据、地面调查资料和气象台站观测数据,对玛曲县沼泽湿地进行了目视解译分析,对比研究了非监督分类、监督分类和专家分类的精度,初步探讨了玛曲沼泽湿地退化的原因。结果表明,该县沼泽湿地面积从2000年的19598．67hm^2减少到2006年的14080．80hm^2,沼泽湿地面积平均年递减率为4．69％。非监督分类结果由于受山体阴影、坡向、云的阴影等影响,多分误差高,总分类精度仅为31％;监督分类的总精度为54．1％;专家分类的总精度高达84．2％。因此,专家分类可以用于对玛曲县沼泽湿地的监测和自动提取。草场不合理利用和过度放牧是导致玛曲县沼泽湿地退化的主要原因,黄河干流、各支流径流量减少是导致流域内沼泽湿地退化的直接原因,当地气候变暖促进了这一过程的发生。