次火山热变质煤的物理测试特征

样品采自伊敏褐煤盆地中一个因次火山活动形成的烟煤区,包含了从褐煤到瘦煤的变质系列。红外光谱分析表明,煤的含氧基团在褐煤阶段已开始消失,烷基和芳环同步增加,在R°=1.10%时达最大值。顺磁共振自由基浓度和X-衍射参数La/Lc介于区域变质煤和岩浆接触热变质煤之间,芳核外官能团的热演化超前于芳核骨架及R°的演化。     

Chemical structural units of macromolecular coal components

Chemical degradations of coal resins, coal asphaltenes and coal residues have been performed with selective, non-oxidative reagents. The coal comprise samples a rank interval 0.30–1.21 %R_m. Degraded low-molecular-weight compounds were analyzed by GC-MS. The distributions of pentacyclic terpanes, isoprenoids, n-alkanes, acids and alcohols obtained as degradation products illustrate a considerable variability between the macromolecular coal fractions. A structural study on the molecular level of the degraded compounds from coal resins and coal asphaltenes show their potential to generate hydrocarbons during coalification process.     

Geochemical significance of chemical composition and ESR properties of asphaltenes in crude oils from Alberta,Canada

More than 100 crude oils and 12 oil sands from Alberta, Canada, from stratigraphie units ranging in age from Upper Cretaceous to Middle Devonian, were processed to separate the asphaltenes which were then analysed for C, H, N, O and S and the ESR spectra run to determine g-value, spin number and line width. A factor analysis of these data, together with selected crude oil and reservoir properties, was interpreted in terms of a number of non-thermal processes which can affect the content and composition of asphaltenes during and after thermal maturation. Experiments on the effect of temperature on the signal intensity of free radicals indicate that more than half, and possibly all, the free radicals observed in asphaltenes must arise from charge transfer or closely related equilibria. An important solvent effect is demonstrated in further experiments, in which the more polar the solvent, the more the solvent dispersive forces overcome the associative forces of the asphaltene layers thus leading to lower molecular weights and a change in the charge transfer forces responsible for the ESR signal. The average molecular weight of asphaltenes from heavy, asphaltic, biodegraded crude oils and oil sands is considerably greater than the average molecular weight of asphaltenes from the more paraffinic, mature, non-biodegraded crude oils, and it seems likely that the differences in molecular weight of these asphaltenes are due to the solvent effect of the crude oils, and thus the laboratory observations have been confirmed in the Alberta basin.     

构造煤的动力变质作用及其演化规津

采用X射线衍射分析、电子顺磁共振等方法研究了构造煤的动力变质作用特征和演化规律。构造煤与煤层的变形变质历史有关,动力变质作用形成的构造煤,其结构特征与其它变质类型煤不同,演化途径也不同,但它们的演化规律一致。      

腐泥煤变质系列的核磁共振谱和顺磁共振谱特征

利用核磁共振和顺磁共振谱对等变质系列的腐泥煤和腐殖煤进行了对比研究,两种谱图清楚地表现出两个变质系列各煤阶的峰形和峰值都有明显的区别。     

邹庄构造煤不同脱矿程度的萃取特性与分析

为了探讨酸洗对煤质特性的影响,依次用不同浓度的盐酸溶液对邹庄构造煤进行预处理,用三氯甲烷溶剂进行分次取样的超声-微波萃取,对所得萃取物进行傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)煤结构表征,柱色谱层析族组分荧光特性的研究。结果表明:随酸处理程度的增加,煤样脱灰率和萃取率依次升高;FTIR光谱吸收峰呈间隔性变化的趋势越来越明显;柱层析族组分中的饱和烃和芳香烃含量依次减少,沥青质依次增多,认为是构造动力作用加速了煤中高分子碳氢化合物(沥青质)的演化,促使其分子结构发生缩聚和芳构化;煤中萃取物最大荧光强度呈\     

不同变质类型煤的电子顺磁共振特征对比分析

通过对大别造山带前陆盆地石炭纪含煤岩系高煤级煤的电子顺磁共振分析,探讨了不同变质类型煤的芳香结构演化特征及其影响因素。结果表明高煤级煤的自由基浓度、线宽和兰德因子的演化具有较好的一致性,且随镜质体最大反射率的增大而呈规律性演化的趋势,构造应力作用促进和增强了环缩合作用和拼叠作用,有使煤超前演化的趋势。     

煤中微量元素富集的主要因素分析

在对兖州矿区煤中微量元素成因分析及总结前人结论的基础上,将煤中微量元素富集因素划分为原生、次生和后生三个阶段,分别对每一个阶段影响微量元素富集的主要因素进行研究和分析。结果表明,煤在形成的过程中影响微量元素迁移、富集的因素很多,植物生长的种类、生长中水化学条件、泥炭沼泽形成中大气、海水的入侵、煤在煤化过程中岩浆热液的作用、煤与顶、底板岩石的物质交换作用等都影响着煤中微量元素富集。因此,煤中微量元素的形成、聚集是煤在形成的各个时期、各种地质因素综合影响的结果。      

9 and 34 GHz EPR study of the free radicals in various asphaltenes: Statistical correlation of the g-values with heteroatom content

The 9 and 34 GHz EPR spectra of eight asphaltenes from different locations have been studied at 294 K in an attempt to correlate the observed g-values with the heteroatom content. It is found that the EPR linewidths are larger and the g-values are smaller at 34 GHz than at 9 GHz. Quantitative statistical analysis of the g-values observed in those asphaltenes derived from tar sand bitumens and crude oils shows that they are uncorrelated with the heteroatom content, unlike those from coal. It is concluded that g-values may not be a good analytical tool for elucidating the structure of those asphaltenes not derived from coal.     

新密煤田裴沟矿二1煤中环境敏感元素地球化学特征

运用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪（ICP-MS）、X射线荧光光谱方法（XRF）和X射线衍射方法（XRD）,对裴沟矿二₁煤层中钒、铬、砷、硒、铅五种元素的地球化学特征进行研究。通过系统测定元素的含量、煤中无机元素和矿物组成,研究其地球化学特征及其与构造煤形成过程之间的内在联系。研究表明：裴沟矿二₁煤层中As、V和Cr的含量明显偏高,Se与Pb属正常水平;除砷元素外,目标元素与煤中无机组分关系密切,主要赋存于黏土矿物中,如钒、铬主要赋存于黏土矿物高岭石、伊利石中,与硫酸盐、硫化物矿物也有联系;硒主要赋存于黏土矿物高岭石中,与金红石也有一定相关性;铅主要赋存于黏土矿物高岭石中。探讨了构造煤形成过程对环境敏感元素含量的影响,环境敏感元素含量在不同煤分层中含量差异性显著,构造煤形成过程中环境敏感元素在垂向上并无大规模的迁移和明显的均一化行为。