Statistical study on the local equilibrium between wind and wind waves by using data from ocean data buoy stations

The local equilibrium between the wind and wind waves, which is defined by a range of the coefficient of the 3/2-power law between the non-dimensional significant wave height and period, is statistically investigated by using wind and wave data obtained at four ocean data buoy stations in the seas near Japan. The friction velocity is calculated from the wind speed measured at one height together with the significant wave period by using formulas of the wave dependent drag coefficient proposed by Tobaet al. (1990). The data for small waves or for weak winds indicate that the waves do not satisfy the criterion for the local equilibrium, because they may be affected by changing winds or remotely generated swells. In the seas near Japan, the data which satisfy the local equilibrium are about 6% through a year. Otherwise swells are dominant in most situations. Changing winds also cause deviations from the local equilibrium. The degree of satisfaction of the local equilibrium can be classified by ranges of the significant wave height. As the significant wave height exceeds 4 m, the local equilibrium is more frequently satisfied.     

海洋台站数据管理及动态发布系统的设计

针对目前我国海洋环境监测和预报工作的实际需求,采用B/S架构模式设计开发了一套基于JSP的海洋台站数据管理及动态发布系统。系统软件采用Java语言编写,保证了系统的跨平台性和可移植性;B/S模式保证了系统后期维护、管理和升级操作的方便性;Ajax技术的应用提高了网页的实时响应特性、提高了用户体验;数据库连接池的使用提高了数据库的连接性能。该系统已在国家海洋局闽东海洋环境监测中心建立的海洋监测示范系统试点投运半年,运行稳定可靠,综合效益明显。现场应用表明,该系统较好的完成了预期任务,具有较大的推广价值和应用前景。     

后水湾网箱养殖区五测站两周日海流观测的准调和分析

应用短期资料的潮流准调和分析方法,对后水湾网箱养殖区五测站两周日海流观测获得的表、中、底层海流资料进行了分析,计算了五测站O1、K1、M2、S2、M4、MS46个主要分潮的潮流调和常数,并给出了各测站在各层的潮流椭圆要素。计算结果表明:后水湾主要为日潮流海区,从最北的海区边缘向湾内靠近避风锚地,潮流性质由不规则全日潮流变为不规则半日潮流;从湾口到湾内,各分潮北分量基本以全日潮流K1为主,其次为全日潮流O1和半日潮流M2,主要分潮的振幅逐渐降低,且越靠近湾内,浅水分潮的作用越大;各分潮东分量仍以全日潮流为主,但半日潮流的作用增大,可以达到与全日潮流相当的作用。观测期间最大余流值基本出现在中层,且处于两个开边界的F1和F5站位的余流值明显大于其它站位;各站位的表层余流基本指向西北-北-东北向,即朝向湾外;而中、底层余流基本指向西南-南-东南向,即朝向湾内,通过上、下层海水的运动,海区内物质最终可以向湾外输运。整个海区可能最大流速表层在29~70 cm/s之间;中层在43~62 cm/s之间;底层在30~47 cm/s之间。表层海水基本为逆时针的旋转流运动;而中、底层海水由于一直受到邻昌礁的约束,基本为往复流运动。     

广东流沙湾4个测站2个周日潮流观测的准调和分析

采用短期资料的潮流准调和分析方法,对水深为4.4～17.0 m的流沙湾4个测站2个周日潮流观测获得的表、中、底层的潮流资料进行了分析,分别计算了4个测站O1、K1、M2、S2、M4、MS4共6个主要分潮的潮流调和常数,并给出了各观测站位在各层的潮流椭圆要素.计算结果表明：流沙湾主要为日潮流海区,其中湾外为规则日潮流,湾内为不规则日潮流;湾外主要分潮流的北分量一般大于东分量,而湾内主要分潮流的北分量一般小于东分量.观测期间余流的流向主要呈西北向,最大余流流速出现在湾内地形突然收窄处,且在湾内中层余流流速要大于表、底层余流流速.整个海区潮流的可能最大流速表层在57～107 cm/s之间,中层在53～106 cm/s之间,底层在34～98 cm/s之间.流沙湾湾外潮流主要为顺时针的旋转流运动,湾内为带有旋转流的往复流运动.     

烟墩角海域二测站周日水温及潮流变化特征

为加深对山东半岛东部养殖区的海流、海温变化特征,及其与该地区生态特征分布之间关系的认识,应用短期资料的潮流准调和分析方法,计算了烟墩角海域两个测站的O1,K1,M2,S2,M4,MS46个主要分潮的北、东分量潮流调和常数,并给出了各测站在各层的潮流椭圆要素。结果表明:该海区水温呈现层化结构,在1天内呈现两个波动,与N-S向潮流变化关系密切。海区除湾内表层外属日潮性质外,潮流属于正规半日潮流性质,半日分潮流的北分量大于东分量,呈现典型往复流特征,最大流流向多为南北向。分析结果也反映出表层、中层的浅水分潮在观测海流中所占的份额高于底层的浅水分潮。     

A study of estuarine flow using the roving adcp data

A study of estuarine flows during a neap tide was performed using 13-hour roving acoustic Doppler current profiles (ADCP) and conductivity-temperature-depth (CTD) profiles in the Altamaha River estuary, Georgia, U.S.A. The least-squared harmonic analysis method was used to fit the tidal (M₂) component and separate the flow into two components: the tidal and residual (M₂-removed) flows. We applied this method to depth-averaged data. Results show that the M₂ component demonstrates over 95% of the variability of observation data. As the flow was dominated by the M2 tidal component in a narrow channel, the tidal ellipse distribution was essentially a back-and-forth motion. The amplitude of M2 velocity component increased slightly from the river mouth (0.45 m/sec) to land (0.6 m/sec) and the phase showed fairly constant values in the center of the channel and rapidly decreasing values near the northern and southern shoaling areas. The residual flow and transport calculated from depth-averaged flow shows temporal variability over the tidal time scale. Strong landward flows appeared during slack waters which may be attributed to increased baroclinic forcing when turbulent mixing decreases.     

Results of test experiment comparing measurement data of three adjacent ADCP bottom stations

The results of a test experiment comparing quasi-synchronous data of three adjacent acoustic Doppler current profilers (ADCPs) deployed on the shelf bottom of the Black Sea in September 2014 are considered. The direct aim of the experiment was quantitative comparison of data from different ADCPs placed in maximally similar conditions to simultaneously measure the sea current parameters at one geographic point. The goals and the scheme of the experiment, methods for processing the measurement results, main results, and their interpretations and analysis, including practical results and conclusions, are described.     

数字海洋中数据体系结构研究

海洋数据的多源性、多态性和多样性以及数据量庞大等特点决定了其不同于其它数据,如何更加合理有效地存储和管理海洋数据,为海洋综合管理信息系统和"数字海洋"原型系统建设提供有力的数据支撑,是一个紧迫需要解决的问题.本文对各类海洋资源、海洋环境、海洋经济、海洋管理等数据进行统一的体系规划,构建统一标准的海洋数据体系框架,以实现国家、省 ( 市 ) 等各级海洋数据的有效管理,满足"数字海洋"海洋信息基础平台建设需要.     

东海三定点周日海流观测的准调和分析

应用短期资料的潮流准调和分析方法,对东海三定点测站获得的表、中、底3层的25h连续海流资料进行了分析,计算了3测站O1,K1,M2,S2,M4,MS4 6个主要分潮的北、东分量潮流调和常数,并给出了各测站在各层的潮流椭圆要素。计算结果表明：该海区潮流属于正规半日潮流性质,半日分潮流的北分量大于东分量,呈现旋转流的性质,按顺时针向旋转。分析结果也反映出表层、中层的浅水分潮在观测海流中所占的份额高于底层的浅水分潮。结果有助于了解该海区的潮流性质并为潮流数值模拟提供校验实测数据。通过与同期获得的悬浮物浓度剖面数据的比对,将有助于研究潮流与该地区悬浮泥沙浓度分布之间的关系。     

海洋水温垂直分布数据同化方法研究

以一维海洋水温模型为例,利用伴随法进行海洋观测数据同化试验,以便为水温的数值预报提供较准确的初始场.文中利用泛函的Gâteaux微分和Hilbert空间上伴随算子的概念讨论了连续的伴随模型的建立,并通过选择适当的差分格式离散伴随模型,使其保持连续时的伴随关系,同时给出了水温初始场最优化过程及相应的同化试验数值结果.     

海陆地震联测:相邻地震台站的信号及震相特征对比

2004年作者在香港外海域进行了一次海陆地震联测实验,文章利用此次实验中的两个相邻固定台站珠海台和澳门台所记录的气枪信号数据,从波形、波谱特性和震相等方面分析了相邻地震台站对气枪信号的响应特征.结果显示,来自不同距离处的地震波波形和波谱特征在同一台站上变化不大,但在不同台站上的响应有所差别,珠海台受背景噪声影响更为强烈,其信号波形扰动大,具有较多高频成分,优势频率响应比较尖锐,而澳门台响应则比较平缓.对研究区下方速度结构进行了二维结构模拟,分析了台站附近速度结构对地震波到时的影响.珠海台PmP震相走时相对滞后,由于深圳断裂带穿过两台站之间,其引起的花岗岩基底破碎或上地壳厚度的差异都可能导致珠海台基底地震波速度的降低,这可能也是引起两台站对相同震源信号具有不同波形及波谱响应的因素之一.     

带偏航角串列式两风机复杂尾流场数值模拟

在多风机风电场中,通过主动调节上游风机的偏航角度,抑制上游风机尾流对下游风机的影响,减少风力机机组之间的尾流相互干扰,以达到提高整个风电场效率的目的。采用基于开源平台Open FOAM自主开发的FOWT-UALM-SJTU求解器中风电场求解模块ALMWindFarmFoam,将致动线模型与CFD方法相结合,利用大涡模拟(LES)计算研究当上游风机处于不同偏航角度时,两风机之间的复杂尾流干扰效应。对比分析偏航角度改变时,上下游风机气动功率的输出特性,尾流速度变化以及风机的尾涡结构。数值模拟结果表明:在上下游风机沿流向方向距离保持不变的情况下,随着上游风机偏航角度的变化,上下游风机的尾流干扰现象以及下游风机的入流条件会发生明显改变,并会对下游风机的气动功率输出以及两风机风电场的整体流场产生显著影响。     

中国海岸带及近海科学数据平台研究与开发

基于海洋数据的多样性和时空复杂性的特点,采用目前先进的大型空间数据库管理软件——Oracle9i的ArcSDE,ArcGIS桌面系统,完成了海岸带及近海科学数据平台实体的装载和组织工作,并在ArcObject组件的基础上开发了基于C/S的数据平台的前端管理系统,当前该系统可以实现面向海洋用户的遥感数据无缝拼接、多源数据多种快速查询、提取、影像数据的装载以及影像元数据的管理和修改等多种功能.该系统主要服务对象是涉及国家主管海岸带和近海专业的科研调查部门或个人,自其建立以来已经陆续开展一些应用服务,达到了理想的效果,满足了用户的需求.     

基于AMSR-E数据的多年冰密集度反演算法研究

In recent years, the rapid decline of Arctic sea ice area(SIA) and sea ice extent(SIE), especially for the multiyear(MY) ice, has led to significant effect on climate change. The accurate retrieval of MY ice concentration retrieval is very important and challenging to understand the ongoing changes. Three MY ice concentration retrieval algorithms were systematically evaluated. A similar total ice concentration was yielded by these algorithms, while the retrieved MY sea ice concentrations differs from each other. The MY SIA derived from NASA TEAM algorithm is relatively stable. Other two algorithms created seasonal fluctuations of MY SIA, particularly in autumn and winter. In this paper, we proposed an ice concentration retrieval algorithm, which developed the NASA TEAM algorithm by adding to use AMSR-E 6.9 GHz brightness temperature data and sea ice concentration using 89.0GHz data. Comparison with the reference MY SIA from reference MY ice, indicates that the mean difference and root mean square(rms) difference of MY SIA derived from the algorithm of this study are 0.65×106 km2 and0.69×106 km2 during January to March, –0.06×106 km2 and 0.14×106 km2 during September to December respectively. Comparison with MY SIE obtained from weekly ice age data provided by University of Colorado show that, the mean difference and rms difference are 0.69×106 km2 and 0.84×106 km2, respectively. The developed algorithm proposed in this study has smaller difference compared with the reference MY ice and MY SIE from ice age data than the Wang's, Lomax' and NASA TEAM algorithms.     

A comparison between two simultaneous sets of current measurements in the Straint of Juan de Fuca

A comparison is made between a set of current measurements in a section across the Strait of Juan de Fuca and those recorded further upstream at Race Rocks at a single depth. No outstanding common qualitative features are noted. Cross spectra reveal a low correlation for the subtidal current and suggest an intensification of the diurnal modulation of the flow at Race Rocks. The high correlation in the tidal bands allows to calculate this portion of the tidal current at Race Rocks which is coherent with the one sensed across the section.     

黄渤海海域16个石油平台站风速资料的初步质量检测

对天津建设的16个石油平台站2017年2—10月的2 min平均风速和极大风速的逐时资料进行了质量检测。其方法包括气候学界限值检查、内部一致性检查、持续性检查、时间一致性检查、空间一致性检查以及质量控制综合分析。结果表明:有87.5%的石油平台站风速观测资料质量较好,能够为海洋气象预报、风能资源评估等提供宝贵的基础支撑。与此同时,由于石油平台上油烟较大、海上高湿、高盐等环境因素影响导致了12.5%的平台站风速资料质量较差,造成其大量时间段的资料不能被直接使用。从而,一定程度上说明了与地面观测资料一样,在使用海洋气象资料之前应进行系统的质量控制,只有清楚并解决海洋气象资料中存在的质量问题,才能保证业务应用、研究分析以及资料统计与加工的准确性和可靠性。     

我国“海洋1”号卫星(HY-1)CCD图像数据定量化条带消除研究

条带(striping)对于大量的航天和航空传感器来说是一种普遍存在的现象,任何使用多个探测器进行数据获取的遥感器图像数据中均存在条带.目前消除条带的算法主要是针对光机扫描仪,对于CCD相机工作做得比较少.针对HY-1CCD线阵推扫式多光谱相机的特点,以及发射前辐射定标的结果,对遥感器图像数据中的条带问题进行了预研,提出了一种定量化的消条带算法.该方法根据卫星数据特性求出各探测器间的均衡化曲线以反映探测器之间的差异,并据此来消除条带.实验结果表明该方法能够有效解决CCD相机的条带问题,而且可以保持数据原有的物理意义,并可与在轨辐射校正衔接,保证发射前后定标算法的一致性.     

多波束XTF格式数据航向信息重写入实例

以多波束实际调查数据为例,分析与讨论无航向角的RESON SeaBat 8101et系统XTF格式多波束数据处理问题,提出从Hypack导航软件输出的RAW文本数据中提取电罗经航向与时间数据,经时间匹配与插值处理后重新写进XTF数据文件内.实现时在没有明确的XTF数据格式说明的情况下,通过二进制数据位的系统分析,确定罗...     

A study of upwelling on the basis of meteorological and oceanographical data (in Japnese)

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A study of upwelling on the basis of meteorological and oceanographical data (in Japnese)