Land use change and its ecological effect in Qian＇an County of Jilin Province

Based on GIS and statistical methods, with the help of searching historical literatures and calculating the landscape indices, the land use changes of Qian‘an County in both spatial and temporal aspects from 1945 to 1996 has been analyzed in this paper. And the driving forces of land use changes and their ecological effects are discussed too. The main findings of this study are as follows: (1) Land use changed greatly in Qian‘an during 1945-1996, characterized by a decrease in grassland, wetland and water bodies, and an increase in cultivated land, saline-alkali land, and the land for housing and other construction purposes. Grassland decreased by 175,828.66 ha, and cultivated land increased by 102,137.23 ha over the half century. Accordingly, the main landscape type changed from a steppe landscape to a managed agricultural ecosystem. (2) Results of correlation analysis show that the land use change in the study area was mainly driven by the socioeconomic factors. (3) The ecological effects of land use change in the area are characterized by serious salinization, degression of soil fertility and the weakening, of landscaoe suitability.     

乾安县土地利用变化及其生态效应

Based on GIS and statistical methods, with the help of searching historical literatures andcalculating the landscape indices, the land use changes of Qian'an County in both spatial and temporalaspects from 1945 to 1996 has been analyzed in this paper. And the driving forces of land use changesand their ecological effects are discussed too. The main findings of this study are as follows:(1)Landuse changed greatly in Qian'an during 1945-1996, characterized by a decrease in grassland, wetlandand water bodies,and an increase in cultivated land, saline-alkali land, and the land for housing andother construction purposes. Grassland decreased by 175,828.66 ha, and cultivated land increased by     

土地利用变化及其生态响应综述

1 IntroductionLand use change,as one ofthe m ain driving forces ofglobalenvironm entalchange,is centraltothe sustainable developm ent debate (Figure 1).The types of land use are distinguished as landcover conversion,i.e.,the com plete replacem ent of one …     

Land use change and its corresponding ecological responses: a review

This paper reviews the research on land use change and its corresponding ecological responses. Patterns of land use changes in spatio-temporal level are produced by the interaction of biophysical and socio-economic processes. Nowadays, the studies derived from different socioeconomic conditions and scales show that at short-term scale, human activities, rather than natural forces, have become a major force in shaping the environment, while biophysical factors control the trends and processes of land use change under the macro environmental background. Providing a scientific understanding of the process of land use change, the impacts of different land use decisions, and the ways that decisions are affected by a changing environment and increasing ecological variability are the priority areas for research: (1) explanation of scale dependency of drivers of land use change; (2) quantification of driving factors of land use change; (3) incorporation of biophysical feedbacks in land use change models; and (4) underlying processes and mechanisms of ecological impacts of land use change.     

吉林省前郭县土地利用变化空间差异的机制分析

由于各个自然要素及其空间组合的差异,不同自然地理单元的区域总体特征与主要的自然地理过程各不相同,导致了其内部土地利用变化时空形式与过程也不相同。吉林省前郭县可划分为四个自然地理单元区,各区内土地利用的基本模式不同,土地利用变化趋势各异。研究表明,土地利用变化动态过程和自然地理单元要素综合特征具有显著相关性。     

基于斑块层次的土地利用变化对土地质量影响的初步分析——以河北省张北县为例

利用SPOT2/4、SPOT5 等遥感数据源, 以人工目视解译为主, 分析了1999 年到2003 年河 北省张北县土地利用( 耕地) 变化情况; 运用GIS 和统计分析的方法, 初步分析林草地转变为耕 地、耕地转变为林草地和未变化耕地斑块等的土地退化特征。从1999 年到2003 年, 张北县耕地 减少20229.5ha, 耕地的主要流向为林草地, 其中又以旱地转化为人工草地为主, 2003 年新增耕 地的主要来源为牧草地。除耕地转为疏林地外, 耕地转为林草地的其余类型未退化斑块的面积较 大; 林草地转化为耕地的情况比较复杂: 林地转化为旱地、牧草地转化为水浇地的斑块发生了比 较明显的土地退化; 而牧草地转化为旱地、其它土地转化为旱地、牧草地转化为菜地斑块中退化 斑块数和面积比例都不大。和未变化耕地斑块的退化特征比较, 旱地转化为牧草地, 退化斑块与 未退化斑块数量比例比较接近, 但未退化斑块面积比例远远高于未变化耕地斑块; 而牧草地转为 旱地的退化与未退化斑块数量和面积比例没有明显差别。旱地转化为林地的未退化斑块数量和 面积比例要大于林地转化为旱地的斑块。说明旱地向林草地转化有助于提高区域土地质量。     

Land use and land cover change processes in China's eastern Loess Plateau

Using Landsat remote sensing images, we analyzed changes in each land use type and transitions among different land use types during land use and land cover change (LUCC) in Ningwu County, located in the eastern Loess Plateau of China, from 1990 to 2010. We found that grassland, woodland, and farmland were the main land use types in the study area, and the area of each type changed slightly from 1990 to 2010, whereas the area of water, construction land, and unused land increased greatly. For the whole area, the net change and total change were insignificant due to weak human activity intensity in most of the study area, and the LUCC was dominated by quasi-balanced two-way transitions from 1990 to 2010. The insignificant overall amount of LUCC appears to have resulted from offsetting of rapid increases in population, economic growth, and the implementation of a program to return farmland to woodland and grassland in 2000. This program converted more farmland into woodland and grassland from 2000 to 2010 than from 1990 to 2000, but reclamation of woodland and grassland for use as farmland continued from 2000 to 2010, and is a cause for concern to the local government.     

黄土台塬区土地利用转移流及空间集聚特征分析

提出了土地利用转移流和土地利用活跃度的概念,基于Landsat 遥感影像数据,采用土地利用变化测度模型,以5 年和25 年两种时间尺度对黄土台塬区土地利用时空动态特征进行分析,并将密度制图法应用到土地利用变化的空间集聚特征识别中.研究表明：① 黄土台塬区耕地占绝对优势,后备耕地资源严重不足,林地、草地、水域比例较低,存在较大生态风险;② 耕地与建设用地、草地、林地之间的转移关系是黄土台塬区土地利用转移的关键关系,决定着台塬区土地利用变化特征;③ 1985-2010 年耕地转建设用地流高达26668.80 hm²,占土地转移流40.75%,草地转耕地流18923.90 hm²,占28.91%,建设占用耕地情况严重,耕地占补平衡主要通过挤占草地实现;④ 25 年以来,土地利用变化对水域扰动最大,其次为森林,草地第三;⑤ 土地利用变化存在阶段性,1990-2000 年土地利用变化速率高于其他时段;⑥不同时间尺度下土地利用变化的空间集聚特征不同,25 年尺度下城镇附近土地变化幅度较高,5 年尺度下土地利用变化热点区由台塬中部向东西边缘区推移.     

论土地利用转型潜力及其评价的理论框架

积极推进土地利用转型潜力及其评价研究,是丰富和完善土地利用转型理论的重要途径。通过拓展土地利用潜力概念,对土地利用转型潜力定义、内涵、形成机制与评价的理论框架进行了探讨。研究认为,① 作为土地利用及LUCC的结果,土地利用转型具有土地利用形态“变化”和“可调控”的重要特征,这是土地利用转型潜力形成与释放的前提;② 土地利用转型潜力是指为适应区域发展综合需求,通过采用相应技术、政策等手段,在特定转型阶段所能实现最优土地利用形态与土地利用形态现状的差异;③ 土地利用转型潜力以基于“强效”“快速”政策调整及工程技术措施的土地利用形态调整和基于“自发土地利用”的土地利用转型引导为形成机制;④ 应以系统论和动态视角为基础,通过分析土地利用转型过程与机理,构建基于土地利用转型情景模拟的土地利用转型潜力评价理论框架。研究取得的成果和结论具备进一步激发土地利用转型理论研究及其在土地管理决策等方面积极作用的价值。     

Land use studies in China

This paper describes the current situation of China’s land use and land use changes, major driving forces, and their impacts on the environment, through a review on land use studies in the past decades in China.     

滇西北生态脆弱区土地利用变化及其生态效应 ——以云南省永胜县为例

土地利用/土地覆被变化及其生态环境效应研究是当前地理学全球变化研究的核心内容,而生态系统服务功能则是生态学、生态经济学研究的热点问题。作者利用滇西北生态脆弱区--永胜县1988年、1994年和1999年的TM遥感影像,采用景观生态学的空间格局指数分析研究区近10年来的土地利用动态变化特征,并以生态系统服务功能衡量相应土地利用类型的相对生态价值,评价区域土地利用/土地覆被变化的生态效应,尝试将二者有机结合起来。研究表明,全县景观总体构成表现为景观破碎度较高,斑块数目较多;林地和未利用地一直占很大比重,林地的不断增加与未利用地的迅速减少是研究时段内土地利用变化的突出特征;研究时段内全县土地利用变化带来了较好的生态效应,土地利用生态效益持续提高,并表现出了较大的空间差异。     

中国土地利用研究

1IntroductionLand use is one of the major themes of geographical studies because of its importance to human society (Cai, 1990). Land is not only the most important natural resource, but also provides necessary space for people to live in (Li, 2002b). As the linkage between nature and human beings, land use is the way to obtain land functions to meet human demands, and usually the key factor for most environmental problems.Compared to other countries/regions in the world, China bears high pr…     

Land degradation and climate change in South Africa

This paper considers the potential impact of future climate change on the nature and extent of land degradation in South Africa. The basis of the assessment is the comprehensive review published by the Department of Environmental Affairs and Tourism (DEA&T) as a contribution to the South African effort in respect of the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification. The DEA&T report is founded on information collated from 34 workshops, one in each of the agricultural regions of South Africa, involving some 453 participants consisting mainly of agricultural extension officers and soil conservation technicians. This analysis reveals that land degradation is underpinned by poverty and its structural roots in colonial and apartheid political planning. Nevertheless, future climate change represents a key challenge to the developing economies of countries like South Africa. Regionally downscaled models predicting the nature and degree of rainfall changes in the future are used to assess the possible impact of future change on the South African land degradation situation. It is concluded that the most severely degraded areas of the country, including large areas of the former 'homeland' states, are likely to become even more susceptible under predicted climate change scenarios.     

能源足迹核算的改进与预测——以吉林省为例

定量测度能源消费的生态环境影响是区域可持续发展评价的重要内容。以化石燃料燃烧-CO2排放-地表吸收的碳循环过程为研究对象,对现有模型的土地碳吸收能力测算等方面进行了修正,构建了基于净初级生产力的能源足迹改进模型,分析了1994～2008年的吉林省能源足迹及其各土地利用类型供给变化,并通过生态效应指数计算揭示了土地利用/...     

南京市热岛效应变化时空特征及其与土地利用变化的关系

利用遥感数据和气象统计数据分析自1985年以来南京市热岛效应变化的时空特征及其与土地利用变化的关系。结果表明:自1985年以来,南京市热岛效应强度和范围在增长。南京市的年均温逐年上升,与郊区六合县的温差呈上升趋势;南京市建成区内4级热岛效应面积增加了107.88km²。热岛效应增长在空间上存在差异,大厂>雨花台>市辖区>栖霞>浦口>江宁。南京市土地利用变化的结果使得热岛效应空间分布更广泛,城镇居民点及工矿用地利用强度变化最大的地方即城市热岛效应增加最多的地方,两者在空间上具有很好的吻合;而和城镇居民点及工矿用地的扩展规模没有很好的空间相关性。     

Land use change in Bohai Rim: a spatial-temporal analysis

Land use change is one of the important aspects of global change[1-3]. The Bohai Rim is a hot spot of economic development in China, where land use changes remarkably. Analyzing land use change in this area is significant to the research of global change and regional sustainable land use. Although there has been much work undertaken on regional land use change in China, it was mainly on urban land use change[4-11], and few researches integrated remote sensing and GIS method. Based on data f…     

托木尔峰国家级自然保护区土地利用/覆被生态服务价值变化分析

参照中国陆地生态系统服务价值当量,结合研究区不同土地利用∕覆被类型的生物生产量,研究各土地利用/覆被类型的生态服务价值变化。结果表明：① 1989-2014年,冰川面积增长27.63%,草地增长35.69%,水体减少55.43%,荒地减少13.81%,林地减少9.87%;1989-2002年的区域综合动态度为0.72%,2002-2014年的为0.62%。② 保护区的生态服务价值为52.31×10⁸元/a,突出了保护区重要的生态地位。在保护区11项生态服务功能中,水文调节和水资源供给生态服务功能价值最高,食物和原料生产生态服务功能价值较低。③ 1989-2014年生态服务总价值量降低31.49%,其中冰川和草地的总价值量持续增长27.63%和35.70%,水体和荒地的持续减少55.43%和13.81%,林地的先减22.13%,后增15.75%。在价值构成比例上,1989年水体占主要地位,2014年冰川占主要地位。     

吉林西部土地荒漠化预测研究--以吉林省镇赉县为研究区

以吉林西部土地荒漠化典型区之一的镇赉县为研究对象，在GIS的支持下，根据研究区两个时期的遥感影象，解译出土地利用图和荒漠化土地分布图，通过叠加处理把荒漠化土地作为单独地类从其他土地利用类型中剔除，得到两期包括荒漠化地类的土地利用类型图，进一步叠加，得到监测期内镇赉县荒漠化土地相对于其他土地利用类型的时空变化。介绍了马尔柯夫荒漠化预测模型的建立过程，并应用马尔柯夫模型预测和分析了镇赉县土地荒漠化的演化趋势，结果表明：如不采取有效措施，镇赉县荒漠化将继续发展，荒漠化土地将逐步蚕食掉现有的草地、林地和耕地，2050年，荒漠化土地将占研究区的32．49％。     

Land use change in Bohai Rim: a spatialtemporal analysis

Based on RS and GIS methods, land use information for 1985 and 1995 was acquired from TM images and analyzed. Then on both spatial and temporal aspects, this paper analyzes land use change in three provinces of Hebei, Shandong and Liaoning and two municipalities of Beijing and Tianjin in the Bohai Rim covering the period of 1985 to 1995. The extent, rate, areal difference and trend of various types of land use changes in the region, as well as spatial changes of major types of land use, their distribution characteristics and regional orientation are revealed. The regional characteristics of land use are elaborated, so as to provide effective policy support for sustainable land use in the area around the Bohai Bay.