Organic Carbon versus Major Elements Relationship in Rocks of the Bazhenov Formation,Western Siberia

A close relation of the organic carbon (C_org) content with major has been established for rocks of the Upper Jurassic–Lower Cretaceous Bazhenov Formation. Applying the method of multiple linear regression, it has been demonstrated that the C_orgcontent in rocks of the Bazhenov Formation is stringently controlled by its bulk chemical composition. This inference is consistent with the existing ideas regarding a close interrelation between the following main components of rocks: organic carbon and authigenic quartz formed on remains of Radiolaria; pyrite formed in a highly reducing medium of C_org-rich sediments; and terrigenous clayey material diluting the authigenic siliceous–carbonaceous–pyritic matrix. These components chiefly determine the spectrum of major elements in the Bazhenov Formation. The establishment of the close relation between the C_orgcontent and the group of major elements refutes the suggestion of some authors that siliceous material was supplied to nonlithified sediments of the Bazhenov sea by hydrothermal solutions, because this mechanism would have inevitably upset geochemical relations between elements in the studied rocks.     

Cavity structure in oil-saturated Bazhenov and Abalak shale rock in the Western Siberian basin

The cavity structure in oil-saturated Bazhenov and Abalak shale rock is analyzed. The Bazhenov reservoirs are of pore and pore–microcavern type. Their cavity structure is formed as a result of the transformation of the mineral component (biogenic silica) and organic component (kerogen) in the rock. The ratio of pore types depends on the mineral composition of the reservoir rock and its degree of catagenesis. Pyrite is the main mineral filling the pore volume and impairing the filtrational properties. The reservoirs of the lower Bazhenov formation are confined to the Correlation Layer and are of fracture-cavern type.     

The Structure of the Bazhenov Horizon in the Northeast Part of West Siberia

A new variant of the structural-facies zonation of the Bazhenov horizon (Tithonian–Lower Berriasian) in the northeastern part of West Siberia was considered using lithofacies and structural analysis. The low content of terrigenous sedimentary material in the high-carbon facies of the Bazhenov Formation is explained by the capturing of the material by the relatively deep Pur–Taz Paleobasin, where the fan of the Yenisei–Khatanga strait was formed. The Pur–Taz Paleobasin was filled by the sediments of the Yanovstanov Formation. In the northeast the basin borders the vast and relatively shallow Ob Paleobasin, where the black shales of the oil-source Bazhenov Formation were accumulated.     

Paleogeography of the Bazhenov Formation of Western Siberia According to the Distribution of Rare Earth Elements

Doklady Earth Sciences - The Bazhenov Formation is represented by Late Jurassic black shales. Russia is the first in the world by the reserves of shale oil, which is mostly related to the Bazhenov...     

Pyritization of Rocks in Black Shale/Host Rock Transition Zones: Evidence from the Bazhenov Formation,Western Siberia

Lithology and Mineral Resources - A complex of lithological-geochemical studies was carried out in rocks of the Upper Jurassic–Lower Cretaceous Bazhenov Formation and their transition zones...     

吉林西部不同土地利用类型的土壤有机碳垂向分布和碳密度

土壤碳库在陆地生态系统碳循环中起着关键性的作用。在对吉林西部进行为期6年（2004－2009年）的环境调查基础上,采集了217个土壤剖面,获取了2 170个土壤样品的平均容重、含水率和有机碳含量,分析了不同土地利用类型下土壤有机碳（SOC）的垂向分布特征、原因和机理。结果表明：不同土地利用类型的土壤有机碳垂向分布表现出截然不同的特征,大致可分为“下降型”、“上升型”和“不变型”3种。呈下降型的草地、农田、湿地等SOC含量主要富集在0~30 cm耕作层,并随深度增加而快速下降;滩地为上升型,良好的水文条件和相对茂盛的植物为有机质提供了有利条件;不变型包括盐碱地、林地和沙地,SOC含量处于全区最低水平。不同土地利用类型的土壤有机碳密度差异很大,从大到小依次为水田、草地、旱田、湿地、退化草地、滩地、林地、沙地、盐碱地,其中水田为（169.25±17.70） t/hm²,盐碱地为 （26.50±10.00） t/hm²。植被生物量和土壤理化性质是影响土壤有机碳含量的主要因素。     

The Bazhenov Horizon of West Siberia: structure,correlation, and thickness

The type sections of the Bazhenov Horizon and formations recognized within this horizon have been identified based on a comprehensive analysis of paleontological, lithological, geophysical (well-log and CDP seismic data), and geochemical data on the West Siberian Basin. The Bazhenov Horizon was traced throughout the entire West Siberian sedimentary basin. The criteria for the recognition of the top and base of this horizon within the stratigraphic equivalents of the Bazhenov Formation were suggested. The proposed facies-stratigraphic zonation of the Bazhenov Horizon reflects the spatial location of all formations identified within this horizon. As seen on the newly proposed thickness map, the Bazhenov Horizon reaches a thickness of 15-25 m within the Bazhenov and Tutleim Formations, 30-35 m within the Mulym’ya Formation, 30-45 m within the Danilov Formation, 40-65 m within the Mar’yanovka Formation, up to 100 m within the Golchikha Formation, > 350 m within the Yanovstan Formation, up to 35 m within the Bagan Formation, and 35-40 m within the Maksimkin Yar Formation. A marginal filter (according to A.P. Lisitzin) has been identified along the East Siberian land.     

沉积岩中总有机碳测定的自动预处理方法

总有机碳(TOC)是衡量烃源岩有机质丰度的首要指标,实现其高效准确测定具有重要的现实意义。在TOC整体测试流程中,用稀盐酸去除无机碳的样品预处理过程目前主要采用手动法进行,存在周期长、氯化物残留等问题,成为制约整体测试效率的首要因素。学者们研究了溶样时间、溶样温度、离心洗样等对TOC测定值的影响,但尚未形成系统的预处理方法,预处理效率也未得到实质性改善。本文利用自主研制的有机碳自动预处理仪建立了两种自动预处理方法;根据国家标准 《沉积岩中总有机碳的测定》(GB/T 19145—2022)规定的预处理流程,采用多种岩性、不同TOC水平的国家标准物质和质量控制样品对这两种预处理方法进行了方法验证;并进一步分析了自动预处理方法的优势。结果表明,两种自动预处理的方法回收率总体为96.23%～102.12%,相对标准偏差为0.37%～3.23%,满足标准规定的数据准确性、重复性和再现性要求,数据质量较手动法得到进一步提升;自动预处理法的预处理时长大幅缩短至4～6h/批,提高了测试效率;氯离子活度对洗样次数的变化更为敏感,且可监测并有效降低样品中氯化物的残留量,建议作为洗样终点的定量监测指标。建立的两种自动预处理方法可替代手动法进行TOC测试的样品预处理,在保障数据质量和测试效率的前提下又可解放人力,使总有机碳的测试能力得以显著提升。     

影响湖相沉积岩中有机碳分布的主要因素--以三水盆地为例

湖相沉积中的有机质含量随有机质堆积条件变化而发生波动。本以三水盆地下第三系布心组二段地层粉列，对其作高分辨率岩芯取样并结合地球化学方法，分析生物学因素对有机碳分布的影响。在较干燥的气候条件下，水生浮游生物是有机质的主要来源，由于此时湖泊与海洋沟通，出现半咸水环境，硫酸盐还原作用显，不利于有机质保存。所取岩芯段的中上部即是这种情况，以低TOC和高SRI值为特征。而当气候湿润时，植物繁荣，湖水淡化，陆源有机质丰富。缺氧条件下的有机质降解主要是效率极低的发酵作用。有利于有机质保存。这种情形出现于岩芯段的下部，以较高TOC和较低SRI值为特征。     

碳酸盐烃源岩有机质分布与排烃特征

通过碳酸盐岩地层中的纯碳酸盐岩、缝合线缝隙物和泥质条带有机质含量和残留烃量分析表明,碳酸盐岩地层中不同的组成部分之间有机质的分布是不均匀的,其中缝合线缝隙物和泥质条带具有高的 Ｔ Ｏ Ｃ 值和较低的 Ｓ１／ Ｔ Ｏ Ｃ 值,而纯碳酸盐岩 Ｔ Ｏ Ｃ 值则很低,但其 Ｓ１／ Ｔ Ｏ Ｃ 却很高。这说明缝合线缝隙物和泥质条带发生了明显的排烃作用,而纯碳酸盐岩排烃作用不明显。因此可以认为高有机质丰度的缝合线缝隙物和泥质条带是碳酸盐岩地层烃源的主要贡献者。压溶作用对碳酸盐岩的排烃起重要作用。     

碳酸盐烃源岩有机质分布与排烃特征

通过碳酸盐岩地层中的纯碳酸盐岩、缝合线缝隙物和泥质条带有机质含量和残留烃量分析表明,碳酸盐岩地层中不同的组成部分之间有机质的分布是不均匀的,其中缝合线缝隙物和泥质条带具有高的TOC值和较低的S1/ TOC 值,而纯碳酸盐岩TOC值则很低,但其S1/ TOC 却很高。这说明缝合线缝隙物和泥质条带发生了明显的排烃作用,而纯碳酸盐岩排烃作用不明显。因此可以认为高有机质丰度的缝合线缝隙物和泥质条带是碳酸盐岩地层烃源的主要贡献者。压溶作用对碳酸盐岩的排烃起重要作用。     

沉积岩总有机质碳同位素分析的前处理影响

岩石样品中的有机质稳定碳同位素地球化学已经在重建古环境和古植被等领域得到十分广泛的应用。但对样品的前处理方法的系统研究较少。由于岩石样品前处理的方法不同而对有机碳同位素的测量结果所产生的正负偏差,从而导致不能准确地反映样品中所记录的信息。笔者通过大量条件试验,分析了前处理过程中主要影响实验结果的几种因素。①样品粒度的影响：粒度100目的样品可得理想数据,而粒度在60目时两个样品同位素值均相对偏正,200目时灰岩样品也相对偏正;②不同酸浓度的影响：在1～12N浓度酸处理样品其有机质碳同位素没有明显变化,但低等级酸所含杂质明显使数据偏负,加入１５％的氢氟酸对数据没有产生明显影响;③洗除样品中残余酸和烘干温度的影响：为了避免样品中有机质的损失,而不洗除样品中残余的酸,但是样品数据明显偏负并对仪器有损坏,烘干温度100°C时样品部分有机质挥发或升华而使数据相对偏正。     

Models of the REE distribution in the black shale Bazhenov Formation of the West Siberian marine basin,Russia

Rare-earth elements abundance in black shales of the Upper Jurassic (Tithonian Stage)–Lower Cretaceous (Berriassian Stage) Bazhenov Formation is discussed. This formation is the principal oil source rocks of West Siberia. The deposits within the formation can be subdivided into two main marine groups: (a) moderately hemipelagic deposits (clayey-siliceous, including phosphatic and carbonate rocks) and low-density distal clayey turbidites (argillites), both are considered as normal and (b) silty argillites and clayey-silt rocks, which are channel deposits and considered as anomalous. The hemipelagic rocks of normal sections, which are enriched in the rare-earth elements (REE), accumulated under both slow rates of sedimentation (clayey-siliceous rocks) and faster rates of sedimentation (argillites). The channel deposits of anomalous sections, which are impoverished in the REE, accumulated exclusively under fast rates of sedimentation.Within the hemipelagic group the rate of sedimentation of the argillites was faster than of the clayey-siliceous rocks, but the REE concentration in the former rocks (140.4 ppm) is higher than in the latter group (97.4 ppm). The argillites are more than twice enriched in clayey material than clayey-siliceous rocks. It is likely that the clay fraction was the main carrier of REE in these rocks. In the channel group of rocks, the REE abundance in clayey-silt rocks (21.2 ppm) is lower than in the silty argillite (84.6 ppm), in which the clay content is elevated.With respect to redox potential the Bazhenov Formation rocks can be subdivided further into three groups, based on the degree of pyritization index (DOP): (1) the highly reducing clayey-siliceous rocks of normal sections, with high DOP; (2) the substantially reducing argillites and carbonate rocks of normal sections, with intermediate DOP; (3) the moderately reducing rocks of anomalous sections with low DOP. The rocks with the high DOP (group 1) are characterized by ΣLREE/Σ(M+H)REE ratios between 7.37 and 7.5, whereas the rocks with the lower DOP (group 2 and 3) are characterized by ΣLREE/Σ(M+H)REE ratios between 12.8 and 13.5. Negative Ce anomalies are either small or absent in all deposits, which is typical for reducing conditions.Thus, the Bazhenov Formation exemplifies the complex depositional conditions that influence the REE concentration in black shale. However, it is this very complexity that has contributed to the development of six separate depositional models (REE contents in ppm are given in brackets). (1) Phosphatic clayey-siliceous rocks of normal sections (367.95); (2) argillites of normal sections (130.73); (3) clayey-siliceous rocks of normal sections (85.97); (4) carbonate rocks, largely dolomites of normal sections (23.23); (5) silty argillites of anomalous sections (78.7) and (6) clayey-silt rocks of anomalous sections (19.66).     

Nickel,molybdenum, and cobalt in the black shales of the Bazhenov Formation of the West Siberian basin

It was shown that the contents of Ni, Mo, and Co in the siliceous clay black shale rocks of the normal sections of the Bazhenov Formation are several times higher than the global mean contents of these elements in black shales. These rocks have the highest contents of pyrite and organic carbon and show evidence for strongly reducing formation conditions at the slowest background rate of sedimentation of their material. A transition from the siliceous clay rocks to the mudstones of normal section, which are considered as turbidites, and further to the mudstones and clayey silt rocks of the so-called anomalous sections (deposits of submarine deltas and canyons) is accompanied by sequential depletion in pyrite and organic carbon, a decrease in indicators of the reduction level of the sedimentation environment, and an increase in sedimentation rate and clay material content. Simultaneously, the contents of the elements of interest decreases in the sequence Mo > Ni > Co. In the rocks of anomalous sections, the contents of these elements decrease to the level of their mean abundances in clays.     

青岛邻近海域海水中有机碳的分布特征

在2006年8月、12月和2007年4月、10月对青岛邻近海域进行了4个季节的调查,分析了溶解有机碳(DOC)和颗粒有机碳(POC)的分布特征及影响因素.结果表明,调查海区DOC的浓度范围为1.23-3.15 mg/L,年平均值为1.70 mg/L,POC的浓度范围为0.09-1.04 mg/L,年平均值为0.28 m...     

巢湖沉积物有机碳分布变化特征

利用2003年7月用活塞取样器在湖泊靠近河口附近和湖泊内沉积最深区域内布点采集了柱样,对样品进行了有机碳和总氮含量等的测定,并对碳的分布变化特征及其影响因素进行了探讨。结果表明：AC4柱样样品有机碳含量变化整体上呈现出一个波动频繁且幅度较大的特点,AC3柱样整体上为缓慢渐变态势。AC4有机碳与细颗粒、总氮含量的相关性高于AC3柱样。两柱样的C／N比值垂向变化表明沉积物中的内、外源有机质在湖泊有机质中各占有一定比例,同时也反映了它们物质来源上有差异。可见由于位置差异导致的水动力条件、物源变化和降解作用等不同因素对其含量变化及C／N比值具有不同的影响。     

黄渤海有机碳的分布特征及收支评估研究

陆架边缘海是陆海相互作用研究中最为关键的区域,也是全球重要的碳储库,在区域物质循环过程中发挥着重要的作用。基于2012年5月和11月对黄渤海海域的综合调查,对该海域水体和沉积物中有机碳的含量与分布进行了分析,并结合相关文献资料对黄渤海有机碳的收支进行了估算。主要结论为:黄渤海溶解有机碳和颗粒有机碳均呈近岸河口区域高、离岸低的分布趋势;有机碳的组成以溶解有机碳为主,颗粒有机碳由海洋自生的有机碳和陆地来源的有机碳组成;黄渤海沉积物有机碳高值区主要分布在河口和泥质区,其组成也是由海洋自生和陆源混合而成,其中渤海以陆源为主,而黄海以海源为主。黄渤海有机碳收支评估表明,有机碳的主要来源为初级生产力产生的有机物,其贡献为(6 760±971)×104t/a,占有机碳输入总量的(74±10)%,沉积物再悬浮的通量为(884±200)×104t/a,东海向黄海输入的通量为(679±107)×104t/a,河流及陆源输入的通量为(643±63)×104t/a,大气干湿沉降的通量为(141±39)×104t/a,其贡献分别占有机碳输入总量的(10±2.2)%,(7.5±1.2)%,(7.0±0.7)%和(1.5±0.4)%;黄渤海有机碳的主要支出为呼吸消耗,其贡献为(5 190±746)×104t/a,占有机碳输出总量的(57±8.2)%,黄海向东海输出的通量为(2 150±370)×104t/a,有机碳沉积通量为(1 030±225)×104t/a,有机碳降解通量为(737±191)×104t/a,其贡献分别占有机碳输出总量的(24±4.1)%,(11±2.5)%和(8.0±2.1)%。有机碳收支评估表明黄渤海有机碳以海洋自生来源为主,且具有潜在碳的"汇"的特性,水体中外源输入和海洋自生有机碳的(1.6±0.3)%埋藏于该海域内。