华南钨锡铍矿床矿物流体包裹体中的短链羧酸

在矿物包亵体显微镜研究的基础上,用离子色谱法测定了西华山-荡坪钨铍矿、漂圹钨锡矿和珊瑚锡钨矿床某些矿物流体包裹体的羧酸(甲酸、乙酸、丙酸和草酸)组成。所有样品的浸取液中均含有一定数量的短链羧酸,甲酸是占优势的物种。所研究矿床成矿流体的阴离子组成特征可能与岩浆活动和围岩的差异有关。     

山东玲珑金矿床矿物流体包裹体中的羧酸

用离子色谱法分析了山东玲珑金矿床石英等矿物包裹体的浸取液,结果表明其中存在相当高的短链羧酸盐和少量的草酸。黄铁矿和黄铜矿浸取液中羧酸的浓度比石英浸取液的高,早期成矿阶段的矿物包裹体中一元羧酸的浓度大于主成矿阶段和晚期阶段。     

花岗伟晶岩石英流体包裹体中的短链羧酸

用离子色谱法研究了某些花岗伟晶岩中石英流体包裹体浸取液的短链送终酸（甲酸、乙酸、丙酸和草酸）和无机阴离子（氟、氯和硫酸根离子）组成,同时进行了矿物包裹体流体的氢和石英的氧同位素成分测定以及显微计温学研究。结果表明,北京延庆大庄科花岗伟晶岩的石英流体包裹体浸取液中含有少量的甲酸和乙酸。花岗岩演化晚期－伟晶岩阶段的高温水热流体中可以存在短链羧酸。     

会泽铅锌矿床的成矿流体来源:来自水-岩反应的证据

系统地研究了脉石矿物方解石中流体包裹体特征及矿床的水-岩反应条件.研究结果表明,该矿床的形成与中低温热液与中高温热液的混合有关;成矿流体的H、O同位素组成在不同矿体中没有明显的差别,流体形成前曾存在流体的均一化作用;成矿流体的形成是地层循环水与变质水、岩浆水在流体储库中充分混合的结果.因此,成矿流体具有多源性.     

浙江八面山萤石矿床流体包裹体地球化学研究

八面山萤石矿床流体包裹体可分为三大类型:Ⅰ气液包裹体,Ⅱ气体包裹体,Ⅲ含子矿物的多相包裹体;矿床成矿温度变化不大,主要集中在120～240°C之间。细粒条带状萤石矿石包裹体温度变化在115～250℃之间;巨晶块状萤石矿石和石英脉型萤石矿石包裹体温度集中在135～170℃之间。萤石矿床流体包裹体以低盐度成矿流体为主。成矿过程中起作用的成矿流体为KCl-H2O体系和CO2-CaF2-H2O体系,成矿溶液的离子类型属K+-Ca2+-HCO--F-型,KCl-H2O体系反映岩浆期后热液作用的结果,而CO2-CaF2-H2O体系可能反映了寒武纪矿源层成矿体系。通过包裹体研究,认为八面山萤石矿床是受地层-岩体-层间断裂共同控制"三位一体"的热液成因矿床。     

西华山-荡坪钨铍矿床流体包裹体羧酸研究

系统研究了西华山—荡坪钨铍矿床矿物中流体包裹体温压地球化学特征,用离子色谱法测定了矿床中石英、水晶、黑钨矿、绿柱石、萤石等矿物包裹体浸取液的羧酸组成——甲酸、乙酸、丙酸和草酸,结果表明低分子量羧酸或羧酸盐是气化—高温热液矿床成矿流体中的常见组分。其中甲酸＞乙酸草酸,部分样品中有丙酸。     

湖北徐家山锑矿床流体包裹体特征及其意义

文章利用激光拉曼光谱和显微测温学方法,对湖北徐家山锑矿床成矿期的石英、重晶石和方解石中的流体包裹体进行了研究。研究表明,这些矿物中的流体包裹体主要有纯液体包裹体和液体包裹体(气相 液相)2类,其液体包裹体的气相成分为H2O±CO2±N2;石英、重晶石和方解石的均一温度分别为134~258℃、154~259℃和145~230℃,主要集中于150~200℃;流体的盐度w(NaCleq)和密度分别集中于3%~6%和0.90~0.96g/cm3。流体包裹体资料揭示出该矿床为典型的中低温热液锑矿床,其成矿流体为中低温、低盐度、中等密度热液。结合H、O、Sr、Pb同位素等研究结果,进一步推断该成矿热液主要是经深部循环演化的大气降水。     

内蒙古林西水头萤石矿床成矿流体特征及成矿过程

内蒙古林西县水头大型萤石矿床位于索伦-林西缝合带北侧,产于二叠系火山沉积岩中,矿体主要受NNE向断裂破碎带控制。文中从流体包裹体和H O S同位素研究出发,讨论了该矿床成矿流体的特征、演化与成矿过程。萤石中主要发育液相H2O包裹体,包裹体均一温度集中在140~220 ℃,盐度变化于0.4%~2.8% NaCleqv,密度平均为0.87 g/cm3。包裹体成分以H2O为主,其次为CO2、H2,含有CH4、C2H6和C3H6等有机组分。成矿流体属中低温、低盐度、中低密度的NaCl H2O体系。成矿流体的δDH2O SMOW值为-140.1‰~-120.5‰,δ18OH2O SMOW值为-6.7‰~2.3‰,主体属大气降水热液;矿石中黄铁矿的δ34S值为1.2‰~3‰,指示硫的来源可能与岩浆活动有间接联系。综上推断,成矿热液主要来源于被加热的大气降水和地下水,水岩反应很可能是萤石沉淀的主要机制,矿床属断裂控矿、中低温热液裂隙充填型萤石矿床。     

黔西南灰家堡金矿田成矿流体来源及演化:流体包裹体和稳定同位素证据

为厘清滇黔桂地区卡林型金矿床成矿流体的特征,本文以灰家堡金矿田为代表,对太平洞、紫木凼、水银洞和簸箕田4个典型矿床中热液矿物的流体包裹体进行了系统研究,并对热液矿物进行了碳、氢、氧、硫同位素的分析测试。结果表明,灰家堡金矿田流体包裹体类型丰富,包括NaCl-H2O溶液包裹体、CO2包裹体、CO2-H2O包裹体、烃-H2O包裹体和烃类包裹体五大类。从成矿早阶段到晚阶段,成矿流体组分大致经历了从H2O+NaCl→H2O+NaCl+CO2+CH4±N2→H2O+NaCl±CH4±CO2的演化,均一温度和盐度略有降低。流体包裹体及稳定同位素组成特征显示,成矿流体属于富含金属和碳氢化合物的盆地流体;沉积黄铁矿的硫主要来源于封闭海洋盆地中硫酸盐的细菌还原硫;热液硫化物与沉积黄铁矿的硫同位素特征相似,表明成矿流体中的硫来源于成岩黄铁矿的溶解作用,同时有机质热分解和硫酸盐有机质热还原作用亦提供了部分硫。成矿主阶段发生的H2O-NaCl-CO2流体不混溶作用是导致Au沉淀富集的重要机制。     

内蒙古浩尧尔忽洞金矿床流体包裹体特征

成矿流体来源与矿床成因的关系一直是矿床学研究的重点与难点。通过流体包裹体显微测温、原位激光拉曼光谱分析和包裹体化学成分分析,对浩尧尔忽洞金矿床成矿流体进行了较系统的研究。测试结果表明:该矿床石英中流体包裹体分为气液包裹体、气体包裹体、纯气体包裹体和纯液相包裹体四类。大部分流体包裹体均一为液相,少量气体包裹体均一为气相。伟晶岩脉石英流体包裹体均一温度峰值260～340℃,炭质板岩内含矿石英细脉内石英流体包裹体均一温度峰值260～380℃。石英流体包裹体气相成分为H2O、CO2、CH4、N2和C2H6,液相成分为Cl-、SO2-4、Na+、K+、Mg2+和Ca2+。炭质板岩中石英流体包裹体的氢氧同位素(δD H2O=-96.20‰～-82.80‰,δ18O H2O=3.97‰～7.93‰)靠近原生岩浆水。认为浩尧尔忽洞金矿床成矿与海西期岩浆活动有关,属中高温低压浅成热液矿床。     

Short-chain carboxylates in fluid inclusions in minerals

The carboxylate (formate, acetate, propionate and oxalate) and common inorganic anions (F⁻, Cl⁻ and SO²⁻₄) compositions for aqueous fluid inclusion leachates from 17 mineral samples collected from various deposits have been determined using ion chromatography in conjunction with microthermometric measurements on the fluid inclusions of their host minerals. The minerals, quartz, fluorite, barite, beryl and a few `ore' minerals (wolframite, pyrite and galena), came from hydrothermal vein-type deposits in felsic igneous rocks or Archean metamorphic rocks. The results indicate that short-chain carboxylates are common components in hydrothermal fluids and can be present in considerable amounts. Formic acid (as formate) is the dominant species over other carboxylic acids. The present study raises new questions about the origin and geochemical significance of carboxylates in hydrothermal ore-forming processes.     

金沙江-红河富碱侵入岩带斑岩型铜、金矿床的成矿流体研究

对金沙江–红河富碱侵入岩带内的玉龙、北衙、铜厂–长安冲三个斑岩型铜、金矿床的流体包裹体进行了详细研究。三个矿床成矿阶段的流体包裹体类型主要有H_2O-NaCl气液两相包裹体,含钠盐、钾盐/方解石、金属子晶多相包裹体以及H_2O-CO_2包裹体。成矿期流体均一温度多在250~500℃之间,高者可达650℃及以上,盐度多在10%~50%NaCleq之间,成矿流体都具有高温、高盐度、富K、富CO_2的特点,显示典型的岩浆热液特征。并且,单个流体包裹体的成分分析也显示流体中除含有较高的成矿元素Cu、Mo、Pb、Zn等外,还含较高的K、Rb、Sr等元素,进一步证明成矿流体源自岩浆分异流体,且经历过从高温高盐度到高温中低盐度的演化。结合该区流体包裹体中广泛存在沸腾包裹体群的事实,进一步证实沸腾作用在斑岩型矿床中的普遍存在,并且说明其很可能是这些矿床金属元素沉淀的重要机制。     

碳酸岩型稀土矿床成矿流体演化机制研究现状及展望

与碱性岩有关的碳酸岩型内生稀土矿床在中国乃至世界上轻稀土资源储量中占有极为重要的地位,诸如我国内蒙古的白云鄂博稀土矿床、川西冕宁—德昌稀土成矿带中的牦牛坪、大陆槽等稀土矿床、山东微山县郗山稀土矿床以及美国的Mountain Pass稀土矿床等都属于这种类型的稀土矿床.当前,对于这类稀土矿床的成矿流体演化机制,学界主要存...     

岩浆热液出溶和演化对斑岩成矿系统金属成矿的制约

岩浆热液过渡阶段对于与岩浆热液有关矿床的形成非常重要。以往的研究多侧重于岩浆结晶阶段和低于固相线的热液阶段过程和演化 ,但对于流体从熔体出溶到熔体最后固结过程的理解却很有限。基于流体包裹体冷热台研究、单个流体和熔体包裹体原位无损成分分析技术 ,并结合挥发份和成矿元素在共存相间分配的实验和质量平衡计算模拟 ,岩浆热液出溶和演化对金属成矿制约的研究取得了很大进展。文中从岩浆中挥发份的出溶和演化、成矿元素在岩浆热液过渡体系各相之间的分配、斑岩矿床成矿流体及与金属成矿的关系、浅成热液矿床成矿流体及与金属成矿的关系几个方面进行了阐述。研究表明 :( 1)岩浆熔体不仅含有足够的挥发性组分 ,而且出溶的挥发份能够被圈闭在流体包裹体中而成为岩浆出溶热液的实物证据。 ( 2 )挥发份和成矿元素不仅在岩浆熔体和出溶的溶液间分配 ,还将在熔体与盐水溶液、熔体与气相以及盐水溶液与气相间进行分配。Cu在岩浆蒸气中比在共存的熔体中要富集数百倍 ,而Cu ,As,Au(可能作为HS配合物 )则偏向于分配进入与液体相共存的蒸气相中。 ( 3 )成矿元素在熔体 /溶液间的分配系数受控于熔体中初始水含量与饱和水含量之比值和岩浆熔体与共存出溶水溶液的w(Cl) /w(H2 O)和w(F) /w(Cl)比值。 ( 4 )斑岩     

云南白秧坪银多金属矿集区成矿流体特征及成矿机制

云南白秧坪银多金属矿集区是滇西兰坪盆地内新发现的矿集区,属东特提斯—喜马拉雅成矿域的一部分。通过流体包裹体的类型、均一温度和盐度的研究分析,结合流体包裹体的化学成分和C、H、O同位素资料及成矿地质条件的综合分析,提出流体包裹体主要具有盆地沉积卤水及大气降水的特征,但成矿流体具有壳幔混合来源的特征。这些特征与该区特定的地质背景和演化历史密切相关。兰坪盆地是在澜沧江和金沙江两条深大断裂之间发展起来的一个拉分盆地,这两条深断裂连同盆地中央的中轴断裂,不仅控制了盆地的发生和发展过程,而且也控制了盆地内成矿流体的来源及银、铜等多金属矿床的成矿作用。因此认为成矿作用是流体混合作用、有机质和膏盐地层的还原作用等综合作用的结果。     

贵州丫他卡林型金矿床流体包裹体特征及其成矿意义

黔西南丫他金矿床是典型的沉积岩容矿的微细浸染型金矿床。从流体包裹体的角度,探讨了丫他金矿床成矿的温度压力条件和流体演化。各阶段石英、雄黄的流体包裹体岩相学和显微测温研究结果表明:主成矿阶段包裹体主要类型有H2O、CO2和CO2-H2O包裹体,流体包裹体组合呈现CO2-H2O不混溶的特征,晚成矿阶段包裹体类型主要为H2O包裹体;从主成矿阶段到晚成矿阶段,流体包裹体均一温度由139～268℃变化至121～194℃,盐度由2.9%～7.4%变化至2.7%～6.6%。根据共存CO2包裹体和H2O包裹体的等容线计算法,还原主成矿期包裹体捕获温度为260～294℃,捕获压力为59～98 MPa。对比不同类型金矿床中的富CO2流体特征,指出黔西南卡林型金矿床中存在的富CO2流体可能在金的搬运过程中起到一定的作用,CO2-H2O相分离可能是导致矿质沉淀的主要原因。     

Genesis of the Ciemas Gold Deposit and Relationship with Epithermal Deposits in West Java, Indonesia: Constraints from Fluid Inclusions and Stable Isotopes

The Ciemas gold deposit is located in West Java of Indonesia,which is a Cenozoic magmatism belt resulting from the Indo-Australian plate subducting under the Eurasian plate.Two different volcanic rock belts and associated epithermal deposits are distributed in West Java:the younger late Miocene-Pliocene magmatic belt generated the Pliocene-Pleistocene epithermal deposits,while the older late Eocene-early Miocene magmatic belt generated the Miocene epithermal deposits.To constrain the physico-chemical conditions and the origin of the ore fluid in Ciemas,a detailed study of ore petrography,fluid inclusions,laser Raman spectroscopy,oxygen-hydrogen isotopes for quartz was conducted.The results show that hydrothermal pyrite and quartz are widespread,hydrothermal alteration is well developed,and that leaching structures such as vuggy rocks and extension structures such as comb quartz are common.Fluid inclusions in quartz are mainly liquid-rich two phase inclusions,with fluid compositions in the NaCl-H20 fluid system,and contain no or little CO_2.Their homogenization temperatures cluster around 240℃-320℃,the salinities lie in the range of 14-17 wt.%NaCl equiv,and the calculated fluid densities are 0.65-1.00 g/cm~3.The values of δ~(18)O_(H2O-VSMOW)for quartz range from +5.5‰ to +7.7‰,the δD_(VSMOW) of fluid inclusions in quartz ranges from-70‰ to-115‰.All of these data indicate that mixing of magmatic fluid with meteoric water resulted in the formation of the Ciemas deposit.A comparison among gold deposits of West Java suggests that Miocene epithermal ore deposits in the southernmost part of West Java were more affected by magmatic fluids and exhibit a higher degree of sulfldation than those of Pliocene-Pleistocene.     

Hydrogen Isotope Study of Fluid Inclusions in Vein Quartz of the Hishikari Gold Deposits, Japan

Abstract: The origin of mineralizing fluids responsible for the Hishikari vein-type epithermal Au deposits was studied on the basis of the hydrogen isotopic ratio (δD) of the inclusion fluid from vein quartz and adularia. The origin of hydrothermal fluids was estimated by combination of the present δ values and the oxygen isotopic ratios (δ¹⁸O) previously reported by Shikazono and Nagayama (1993). The water in the fluid inclusions was extracted by means of decrepitation of quartz at 500°C. Hydrogen was obtained by reduction of the collected water with Zn shot at 450°C. The δD values were determined by mass spectrometer. The δD values of inclusion fluid obtained from quartz range from –61 to –114%. These are significantly lower than the δD value of the thermal water presently venting from the Hishikari deposits and that of local meteoric water. Hydrogen isotopic fractionation between water and amorphous silica, which might have initially precipitated from the hydrothermal fluids at least partly, is not a probable cause of this isotopic depletion, while some water might have been released from the initial hydrous amorphous silica during recrystallization to quartz observed presently. Thus, a part of ore fluids for the Hishikari deposits is supposed to have been originated from the water having anomalous δD values of lower than –100%. Such D depletion cannot be caused by simple oxygen-shift of meteoric water or by contribution of magmatic volatiles. The δD values of water released from the shale samples of the Shimanto–Supergroup, a major host to the Hishikari veins range from –132 to –148%. Therefore, the anomalous δD values of inclusion fluids from some vein quartz and adularia suggest that the water released from hydrous minerals of the sedimentary basement rocks by dehydration or the groundwater isotopically exchanged with sedimentary rocks at elevated temperatures during circulation, partly contributed to the hydrothermal fluids responsible for the Hishikari deposits.