The Cu-Zn Obrazek ore deposit,Czechoslovakia: A volcanogenic deposit included in the Ransko intrusive complex

The Cu-Zn Obrazek ore deposit is reinterpreted as metamorphosed volcanogenic-type rather than epigenetic vein-type. Enclosed by undeformed, non-metamorphosed mafic-ultramafic rocks of the Ransko complex, the ore is a highly folded, intensely metamorphosed (Zn-rich) association of banded, massive sphalerite-barite-pyrite-pyrrhotite-chalcopyrite and (Cu-rich)pyrite-chalcopyrite-pyrrhotite. Cu-rich ores are disseminated in deformed metamorphic assemblages of quartz, sillimanite, cordierite, anthophyllite, orthopyroxene and gahnite. Textural and compositional features in the metamorphic rocks suggest that the cordierite-anthophyllite assemblage was produced by regional metamorphism of rocks associated with the ore deposit. Inclusion of the Cu-Zn deposit and associated rocks in the Ransko intrusive complex produced contact metamorphic hornfelses of quartz, cordierite, orthopyroxene and Al-spinel. The occurrence and compositions of Zn-rich chromian spinel and minor intercumulus sulfides in anorthosite, troctolite and norite of the Ransko complex near the Obrazek ore body are interpreted to result from contamination of the Ransko parent magma by the Cu-Zn deposit and associated rocks.     

Geochemistry and age of the complex of alkaline metasomatic rocks and carbonatites of the Gremyakha-Vyrmes massif, Kola Peninsula

This paper presents new geochemical data on the complex of alkaline metasomatic rocks and carbonatites, which hosts the rare-metal mineralization of the Gremyakha-Vyrmes massif. The contents of major and trace, including rare-earth elements were determined in the albitites, aegirinites, and carbonatites. Two types of the rare-metal ores are distinguished: niobium albitite and zirconium aegirinite ores. It was shown that the albitites and aegirinites have similar trace element distribution patterns, being most geochemically close to the foidolites. The carbonatites, albitites, and aegirinites were dated by Rb-Sr and Sm-Nd methods at 1887 ± 58 Ma, which corresponds to the formation age of the Gremyakha-Vyrmes massif. The ultrabasic rocks, foidolites, alkaline metasomatic rocks, and carbonatites were formed successively within a relatively narrow range. The geological observations and geochemical data led us to conclude that the emplacement of the fluid-saturated carbonatite solutions-melts at the final stages of the massif formation against a background of fault tectonics caused a pervasive metasomatism of the ultrabasic and alkaline rock complexes and, as a result, the formation of the alkaline albitites and aegirinites. The carbonatites could be sources of rare-metals, while foidolites served as a geochemical barrier, and their metasomatic alteration led to the formation of Zr-Nb mineralization in the albitites and aegirinites.     

青海西部祁漫塔格地区主要矽卡岩铁多金属矿床成矿地质背景和矿化蚀变特征

青海西部祁漫塔格地区矽卡岩铁多金属矿床分布广泛,目前已成为中国西部最重要和最有找矿潜力的矽卡岩铁多金属成矿带.在大地构造上,该地区属东昆仑造山带;成矿主要与印支期(204～237Ma)闪长岩、花岗闪长岩和二长花岗岩有关;控矿地层包括蓟县系狼牙山组大理岩、硅质岩,奥陶系-志留系滩间山群大理岩、碎屑岩、硅质岩、中-基性火山岩和石炭系结晶灰岩、碎屑岩等.区内发育3类矽卡岩,即钙矽卡岩、镁矽卡岩和锰质矽卡岩,以前者为主.钙矽卡岩常伴生Fe、Cu、Mo(Pb,Zn)矿化,镁矽卡岩主要伴生Fe矿化,锰质矽卡岩则伴生Pb、Zn(Ag)矿化;矿石矿物组合多种多样,矿化具有一定的分带性.内接触带侵入岩广泛发育钾长石化,与矽卡岩类型一起构成该类矿床的重要找矿标志之一.     

Phlogopite and phlogopite–amphibole parageneses in the lithospheric mantle of the Birekte terrane (Siberian craton)

Mantle xenoliths containing phlogopite and phlogopite–amphibole mineralization from kimberlites of the Kuoika field have been studied. Such xenoliths were found in two series of rocks: magnesian (Mg) pyroxenite–peridotite and Fe-type phlogopite–ilmenite hyperbasite. The ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar phlogopite age (1600–1800 Ma) and Re–Os and oxygen isotope data in rocks and minerals of the first series of rocks allow us to suggest that Phl–Amph metasomatism of the lithospheric mantle under the Birekte block and its accretion to the Siberian craton occurred in the subduction zone. The second series of rocks is comagmatic to potassium ultramafites and mafites, finding in the Siberian Platform. The phlogopite ages (870–850 Ma) from Phl–Ilm ultramafites corresponds to the beginning of the breakup of the supercontinent Rodinia and is close to ancient age datings of the alkaline ultramafic-carbonatite Tomtor massif. Phlogopite from xenoliths with garnet is much younger in age (500–600 Ma).

     

中国镁质碳酸盐岩型温石棉矿床的成矿规律

镁质碳酸盐岩型温石棉矿床是成矿热液交代镁质碳酸盐岩生成的,一般均产于地台环境。按地台稳定性不同,成矿环境分为地台隆起区的基底建造类型和地台拗陷区的盖层建造类型。产于地台隆起区的矿床,以前震旦纪镁质碳酸盐岩为控矿层位。产于太古代及早、中元古代深变质结晶基底中的矿床,由区域变质及混合岩化过程中的变质热液交代碳酸盐岩成矿。产于晚元古代浅变质褶皱基底(扬子准地台)中的矿床,以岩浆期后热液或接触交代(湿矽卡岩)热液为成矿热液来源。产于地台拗陷区的矿床,均以震旦纪镁质碳酸盐岩为控矿层位。其成矿时期较晚,一般与拗陷区内岩浆活动同期,由岩浆期后热液或接触交代(湿矽卡岩)热液对镁质碳酸盐岩进行交代成矿。     

地幔流体在滇西富碱斑岩成岩成矿过程中的作用——地质年代学和同位素地球化学制约

滇西金沙江哀牢山断裂以东广泛发育富碱斑岩型多金属矿床,其富碱斑岩体中有多处产出深源岩石包体。对包体岩石和寄主富碱斑岩及其成矿石英脉的地质年代学研究显示,深源岩石包体的成岩年龄大于寄主富碱斑岩,而富碱斑岩的成岩与成矿是基本同时的。结合铅硅锶钕同位素地球化学研究表明,在富碱岩浆的成岩过程中,伴随富硅成矿流体对围岩和岩体的交代蚀变,并与地壳岩石一定程度混染而实现成矿作用。这种富硅成矿流体作用实质上是地幔流体作用在地壳中成矿作用的延续。据此,从地幔流体交代矿物的结晶年龄(116.0 Ma)到富硅成矿流体年龄(51.2 Ma),揭示地幔流体作用贯穿于富碱岩浆成岩成矿的全过程。正是这一地幔流体作用过程,导致Si、Al、Na、K及其它硅不相容元素和成矿元素富集,进而导致其Sr-Nd同位素特征由亏损地幔向富集地幔过渡,并引起从岩体→围岩对应、从高温→低温的系列成矿效应。也正是这种流体作用,构成滇西新生代广泛成矿的内在统一制约因素和大型-超大型矿床形成的重要地球化学背景。     

The characteristics of volatile components and alkaline metasomatism in main skarn-type iron deposits in China and their role in ore formation

Skarns, ores and hydrothermally metasomatic rocks associated with some major skarn iron deposits in China contain abundant volatile components, such as F, Cl and H₂O. Alkaline (sodic or potassic) metasomatism is obviously evident in the magmatic and other alumo-silicate wall rocks. They may serve as important ore-searching indicators. In this paper, the probable source of iron fluids, transport forms of iron and conditions of precipitation of magnetite are also discussed. From the studies of major skarn iron deposits in China, the authors hold that volatile components, such as F, Cl, H₂O, etc., and alkaline (K, Na) metasomatism play a very important role in the formation of this type of iron deposits^{[1, 2, 3]}.     

岚皋碱性镁铁-超镁铁质潜火山杂岩中金云角闪辉石岩类地幔捕虏体矿物学特征

金云角闪辉石岩类捕虏体产于扬子板块北缘岚皋县境的早古生代碱性镁铁质-超镁铁质潜火山杂岩中,它们的典型矿物组成为单斜辉石、角闪石、金云母、磷灰石和钛铁矿。捕虏体岩石具粗-细粒等粒结构、板状等粒结构、三联点结构、碎裂结构和肯克带结构,交代结构十分发育。岩石产状、结构和矿物成分特征研究表明,金云角闪辉石岩类捕虏体是地幔交代作用产物,可能代表了该区碱性镁铁质-超镁铁质潜火山杂岩的源区岩石。     

Wall-rock metasomatism of carbonaceous terrigenous rocks in the Lena gold district

The Lena gold district is situated in the fold-and-shear belt of the southern framework of the Siberian Platform. The gold deposits are hosted in the Riphean-Vendian Khomolkho and Aunakit formations, revealing the strict control of ore mineralization by folding and shearing. The microstructure of metasomatically altered ore-bearing carbonaceous sedimentary rocks at the Sukhoi Log, Golets Vysochaishy, and Verninsky deposits (the latter includes the Pervenets vein zone) testifies to parallelism in the development of shearing, foliation, and ore-forming metasomatism. The local pressure gradients are marked by removal of silica from pressured zones into opened cleavage fractures and pockets. Two metasomatic stages are recognized: (1) early sodic metasomatism, which is characterized by the assemblage of magnesian siderite and paragonite, and (2) late potassic metasomatism, with formation of muscovite in association with sideroplesite and ankerite. The rocks altered at the early stage are distinguished by elevated Ni, Cr, and probably PGE contents. The second stage, close in age to the emplacement of Hercynian granitic plutons, was accompanied by the gain of chalcophile metals and deposition of the bulk of gold. In mineral composition, the metasomatic rocks are close to beresites, but the alteration differed in somewhat elevated alkalinity, so that microveinlets of albite and potassium feldspar occur in the ore zone together with muscovite. The ratio of modal muscovite to paragonite contents in orebodies is substantially higher than in the surrounding metasomatized rocks. This ratio directly depends on the degree of rock permeability and the intensity of the flow of ore-forming solutions. Carbonaceous matter (CM) in the ore zone underwent reworking and redeposition. CM is graphitized to a lesser extent than in the rocks affected by regional metamorphism. The spatial distribution of CM containing nitro and amino groups indicates more oxidizing conditions in the zone of ore deposition than at a distance from this zone. The temperature of metasomatic processes estimated from the muscovite, muscovite-paragonite, and chlorite mineral thermometers and fluid inclusions in quartz was 300–350°C at a pressure of about 1 kbar. The S, O, and C isotopic compositions of ore-forming fluids that pertain to the second stage of metasomatism (δ³⁴S= +8.5‰, δ¹⁸O = +10‰, and δ¹³C= ?11 to ?18‰) indicate their crustal origin. The generally similar conditions and products of the ore-forming metasomatic process at the giant Sukhoi Log deposit and at the small Golets Vysochaishy deposit are combined with some differences. The formation of the described deposits was related to the deep convection of fluids along shear zones followed by more local flows of postmagmatic solutions derived from the emplaced granitic magma.     

Composition and genesis of inner-contact syenites of the Khasurta quartz syenite-monzonite massif,western Transbaikalia

The paper reports data on the geological structure, mineralogy, and geochemistry of inner-contact syenites of the Late Paleozoic Khasurta quartz syenite-monzonite massif in western Transbaikalia. The rocks of the massif intrude Cambrian terrigenous-carbonate deposits transformed (depending on their composition) into apodolomitic magnesian spinel-fassaite skarns or plagioclase-quartz-biotite-cordierite hornfels that replaced amphibole-biotite schists. The skarn zone does not exceed a few dozen centimeters in thicknes. The inner-contact zone of the intrusion a few dozen meters thick consists of leucocratic medium-grained pyroxene syenites, which consist of coarsely perthitic K-Na feldspar (90–95 vol %) with plagioclase (An _40–46) cores, zonal clinopyroxene (up to 5–7 vol %), and sphene (up to 3–4 vol %). The inner-contact syenites differ from all other rocks of this massif in having the highest alkalinity and elevated concentrations of SiO₂ and the lowest contents of CaO, MgO, and FeO. The mineralogical composition of the inner-contact syenites makes them similar to skarn-related metasomatic rocks (Korzhinskii, 1948), but the pyroxenes of these rocks contain melt inclusions homogenizing at 1100°C, a fact testifying to the magmatic genesis of the rocks. The results of our research indicate that the inner-contact syenites were formed with the assimilation of the host dolomites by the syenite melt. The enrichment of the inner-contact syenite melt in CaO and MgO and a significant increase in its liquidus temperature due to CO₂ dissolution (Jahannes and Holtz, 1996) facilitated the crystallization of calcic plagioclase, pyroxene, and magnetite. The fractionation of these minerals resulted in the enrichment of the residual melt in SiO₂ and alkalis, mostly K₂O, and this subalkaline residual melt produced that K-Na feldspar, which is the predominant mineral of these rocks, and sphene. Excess CO₂ drastically suppressed the H₂O activity in the melt and thus hampered the crystallization of amphibole and biotite in the inner-contact zone of the intrusion. Mass-balance calculations indicate that dolomite assimilation was not very extensive and did not exceed 1: 10.     

Pyroxenes of the Khibiny alkaline pluton, Kola Peninsula

Seven pyroxene varieties were identified in nepheline syenites and foidolites of the Khibiny pluton: enstatite, ferrosilite, diopside, hedenbergite, augite, aegirine-augite, and aegirine. Enstatite and augite are typical of alkaline and ultramafic rocks of dike series. Ferrosilite was found in country quartzitic hornfels. Diopside is a rock-forming mineral in alkaline and ultramafic rocks, alkali gabbroids, hornfels in xenoliths of volcanic and sedimentary rocks and foyaite, melteigite-urtite that assimilate them, and certain hydrothermal pegmatite veins. Hedenbergite was noted in hornfels from xenoliths of volcanic and sedimentary rocks and in a hydrothermal pegmatite vein at Mount Eveslogchorr. Aegirine-augite is the predominant pyroxene in all types of nepheline syenites, phonolites and tinguaites, foidolites, alkaline and ultramafic rocks of dike series, fenitized wall rocks surrounding the pluton, and xenoliths of Devonian volcanic and sedimentary rocks. Aegirine is an abundant primary or, more often, secondary mineral in nepheline syenites, foidolites, and hydrothermal pegmatite veins. It occurs as separate crystals, outer zones of diopside and aegirine-augite crystals, and homoaxial pseudomorphs after Na-Ca amphiboles. Microprobe analyses of 265 pyroxenes samples allowed us to distinguish ten principal trends of isomorphic replacement and corresponding typomorphic features of pyroxenes. Compositional variations in clinopyroxenes along the sampled 35-km profile from the margin of the Khibiny pluton to its center confirm the symmetric zoning of the foyaite pluton relative to semicircular faults of the Minor Arc and the Main (Central) Ring marked by Devonian volcanic and sedimentary rocks, foidolites, and related metasomatic rocks (rischorrite, albitite, and aegirinite). Changes in the composition of pyroxenes are explained mainly by the redistribution of elements between coexisting minerals of foyaites in the process of their intense differentiation under the effect of foidolite melts that have intruded into the circular fault zones.     

Evolution of Ore-Forming Metasomatic Processes at Large Skarn Iron Deposits Related to the Traps of the Siberian Platform

The paper presents systematized and synthesized data on the parameters and evolutionary sequence of metasomatic processes that accompanied interaction between Permian–Triassic trap complex and rocks of the sedimentary cover of the Siberian Platform at the large skarn iron deposits. Relations of the textural–compositional, morphological, and genetic diversity of the skarns and ores with the phases and stages of the origin of ore-bearing volcano-tectonic edifices are demonstrated with reference to the Korshunovskoe and Rudnogorskoe deposits. The genetic reconstructions are based on survey materials and data on the mineralogy of the rocks and ores (obtained by optical and scanning electron microscopy, microprobe analysis, EPR, Raman and IR spectroscopy, and by studying inclusions in minerals). A principally important feature of the volcano-tectonic edifices of the large mineral deposits is their multistage evolution and combinations of fluid-conducting zones, which are related to (1) volcanic apparatuses, (2) shallow-depth magmatic chambers (laccoliths) hosted in carbonate–salt rocks, and (3) multistage fracture structures produced by the collapse of the leached space. The major ore-bearing structures were formed simultaneously with the development of an intermediate magmatic chamber hosted in Cambrian carbonate–salt rocks beneath a seal of terrigenous sedimentary rocks. Magmatic-stage magnesian skarns with disseminated ores in them and in the calciphyres were produced during the prograde stage in the apical parts of the laccoliths, at contacts between the dolerites and dolomites. During the early prograde stage, skarn–ore bodies developed around injection bodies of globulated dolerites, laccoliths, and sills; stockworks and steep bodies of fragmentary magnesian and calcic skarns and ores were formed within the diatremes; and conformable bodies and veins were produced in the splay fracture zones. The later reactivation of faults and fractures and the involvement of connate brines and solutions from the evaporite complex triggered the redeposition of the ore masses, crystallization of the mineral assemblages of hydrated skarns, development of large domains of serpentine–chlorite–epidote–amphibole rocks, calcic skarns, and ores. Data on multiphase fluid inclusions in the forsterite, apatite, and halite indicate that the mineral-forming fluid initially was a highly concentrated solution–melt (total salinity of 60%) with high-density reduced gases. The magnesian skarns were formed during the following stages: (1) forsterite + fassaite + spinel + first-population magnetite (820–740°C); (2) phlogopite + titanite + pargasite + second-population magnetite (600–500°C), and (3) clinochlore + serpentine + tremolite + pyrrhotite + chalcopyrite (≥450°C).     

辽东硼矿床矿石的稀土元素特征及其地质意义

辽东硼矿床赋存于辽东古元古代的镁质火山-沉积地层中.矿石与含矿岩系具密切的交代继承关系：（1）矿石与含矿镁质岩石具交代继承的矿物组成、结构构造;（2）矿石的稀土元素特征主要受含矿岩系岩石的控制,在混合岩化弱的含矿岩系中,矿石的稀土元素特征与含矿镁质岩石相似,而在混合岩化强的含矿岩系中的矿石与混合岩的稀土元素特征相近;（3）辽东的硼矿床的形成是在混合岩作用过程中形成的含硼成矿流体交代镁质岩石的结果.     

辽东硼矿的成矿机制及成矿模式

为了解辽东硼矿的成矿机制及建立成矿模式, 分析了含硼岩系、镁质容矿岩石、区域变质作用及混合岩化作用、构造等四大控矿因素, 发现含硼岩系具富硼特征, 容矿岩石具富镁特点并可成为硼质的沉淀剂, 含硼岩系中硼在区域变质和混合岩化过程中得到进一步活化形成含硼热液, 含硼热液在有利的构造空间交代镁质岩石即可形成镁硼酸盐型硼矿.含硼岩系、镁质容矿岩石是硼矿形成的物质基础, 区域变质及混合岩化作用、构造活动是硼矿形成的必要条件.辽东硼矿成矿模式为原始火山-沉积初始富集和部分熔融含硼热液交代镁质岩石.      

Barium and strontium in the upper mantle of the Pamirs and Tien Shan

The distribution of Ba and Sr in deep-seated xenoliths, mantle alkaline melts, and their minerals from the Pamirs and Tien Shan and some other regions was considered. In contrast to ordinary magmatic series, the mantle rocks show a correlation of Sr with both Ca and alkalis. The most extensive accumulation of Ba and Sr in the upper mantle occurs during the processes of mantle metasomatism and melting of metasomatized materials. The influx of these elements is probably related to ultradeep plume-type sources. Ba and Sr were transported from the mantle into the crust by both high-temperature alkaline melts and low-temperature hydrothermal solutions. It is supposed that the late Alpine celestite deposits of the huge Sr province of the Mediter-ranean belt are of mantle origin. Geochemical provinces show distinctive concentrations and proportions of Ba and Sr in mantle-derived alkaline basic rocks, metasomatic rocks, and their minerals. The type of Ba-Sr relations is inherited by crustal rocks.     

Rock-Forming feldspars of the Khibiny alkaline pluton,Kola Peninsula,Russia

This paper describes the structural-compositional zoning of the well-known Khibiny pluton in regard to rock-forming feldspars. The content of K-Na-feldspars increases inward and outward from the Main foidolite ring. The degree of coorientation of tabular K-Na-feldspar crystals sharply increases in the Main ring zone, and microcline-dominant foyaite turns into orthoclase-dominant foyaite. The composition of K-Na-feldspars in the center of the pluton and the Main ring zone is characterized by an enrichment in Al. This shift is compensated by a substitution of some K and Na with Ba (the Main ring zone) or by an addition of K and Na cations to the initially cation-deficient microcline (the central part of the pluton). Feldspars of volcanosedimentary rocks occurring as xenoliths in foyaite primarily corresponded to plagioclase An_15–40, but high-temperature fenitization and formation of hornfels in the Main ring zone gave rise to the crystallization of anorthoclase subsequently transformed into orthoclase and albite due to cooling and further fenitization. Such a zoning is the result of filling the Main ring fault zone within the homogeneous foyaite pluton with a foidolite melt, which provided the heating and potassium metasomatism of foyaite and xenoliths of volcanosedimentary rocks therein. The process eventually led to the transformation of foyaite into rischorrite-lyavochorrite, while xenoliths were transformed into aluminum hornfels with anorthoclase, annite, andalusite, topaz, and sekaninaite.     

西藏类乌齐地区含镍碳酸岩的发现与地质意义

野外调查发现西藏类乌齐地区分布着众多的含镍碳酸岩体,呈十几米至几百米不等的岩株出露。岩体与超基性岩之间具明显的港湾状、枝状侵入接触、岩石不具层理、岩石表现出细粒结晶等粒结构、岩体内见超基性岩捕掳体等特征均表明其为火成碳酸岩岩体。在成分上以菱镁矿为主,岩石中MgO的含量为27.16%～31.75%,为镁质碳酸岩。岩石稀土元素配分曲线呈平缓右倾的轻稀土富集型,轻重稀土元素分馏现象明显,具有明显的Eu正异常和弱的Ce负异常;微量元素显示Rb、Th、Nb、Hf元素相对富集,K、U、Ti元素相对亏损。含镍碳酸岩可能是富CO₂的深部流体在中下地壳对超基性岩交代的结果,具备寻找硫化镍矿床的有利条件。     

Metasomatism in mantle xenoliths from the Letlhakane kimberlites: estimation of element fluxes

A suite of metasomatised xenoliths from the Letlhakane kimberlite (Botswana) forms a metasomatic sequence from garnet peridotite to garnet phlogopite peridotite to phlogopite peridotite. Before the modal metasomatism, most of the Letlhakane xenoliths were depleted harzburgites that had been subjected to an earlier cryptic metasomatic event. Modal phlogopite and clinopyroxene - Cr-spinel increase at the expense of garnet and orthopyroxene with increasing degrees of metasomatism. The most metasomatised xenolith is a wehrlite. With progressive modal metasomatism, the clinopyroxene becomes enriched in Sr, Sc and the LREE, orthopyroxene becomes depleted in Ca and Ni, but enriched in Al and Mn, and olivine becomes depleted in Al and V. Garnet chemical composition largely remains unchanged. The garnet replacement reaction seen in most xenoliths allows the measurement of the flux of trace elements through detailed modal analysis of the pseudomorphs. Mass balance calculations show that the modally metasomatised rocks became enriched in incompatible elements such as Sr, Na, K, the LREE and the HFSE (Ti, Zr and Nb). Major elements (Al, Cr and Fe) and garnet-compatible trace elements (V, Y, Sc, and the HREE) were removed during this metasomatic process. The modal metasomatism caused a strong depletion in Al, and the results challenge previous suggestions that this metasomatic process merely occurred within an Al-poor environment. The data suggest that the xenoliths represent the mantle wallrock adjacent to a major conduit for an alkaline basic silicate melt (with high contents of volatile and incompatible elements). The volatile and incompatible element-enriched component of this melt percolated into the wallrock along a strong temperature gradient and caused the observed range of metasomatism.     

Re–Os geochemistry and geochronology of the Ransko gabbro–peridotite massif, Bohemian Massif

The Ransko gabbro–peridotite massif in Eastern Bohemia is a strongly differentiated intrusive complex, which hosts low-grade Ni–Cu ores mainly developed close to the contact of olivine-rich rocks with gabbros, in troctolites, and to a much lesser extent in both pyroxene and olivine gabbros and plagioclase-rich peridotites. Gabbro, troctolite, peridotite and Ni–Cu ores from the Jezírka Ni–Cu (PGE) deposit, considered to be a typical example of the liquid segregation style of mineralization, were analyzed for Re–Os concentrations and isotopic ratios. Seven barren and mineralized samples from the Jezírka deposit yielded a Re–Os regression of 341.5?±?7.9 Ma (MSWD?=?69). Strongly mineralized peridotite with mantle-like initial ¹⁸⁷Os/¹⁸⁸Os ratio of 0.125 suggests that Os as well as other PGE present in the Ni–Cu mineralization are predominantly of mantle origin. On the other hand, barren and low-mineralized samples have radiogenic initial ¹⁸⁷Os/¹⁸⁸Os ratios of 0.14–0.16 suggesting some import of Re and/or radiogenic ¹⁸⁷Os most likely through contamination by continental crust during magma emplacement. The Re–Os age of the Ransko Massif is significantly younger than the previously suggested Lower Cambrian age, but it is similar to and/or younger than the age of metamorphism of the adjacent Kutná Hora crystalline complex and the Moldanubian unit. Therefore, it is likely that the emplacement of the Ransko massif and its Ni–Cu mineralization was closely connected with the late-stage evolution of the Kutná Hora crystalline complex.     

地幔流体的交代作用——来自碱性正长岩及其深源岩石包体的证据

滇西玉龙县小桥头硅化霓辉正长斑岩中,含有较多镁铁-超镁铁质深源包体岩石。经岩相学和电子探针及扫描电镜分析发现,伴随交代蚀变,寄主岩和各类镁铁-超镁铁质包体岩石中,普遍发育沿粒间和矿物晶体裂隙或解理纹贯入或穿插的黑色不透明物质,主要由微晶硅酸盐矿物和磁铁矿组成。本文研究认为,硅酸盐矿物与磁铁矿在背散射电子图像中表现为熔离特征,这种在透光显微镜下呈黑色不透明的微晶固体,是引发交代蚀变、具熔浆流体特点和超临界流体性质的地幔流体交代作用的一种微观表现。