有流动情况下等离子体柱的扭折不稳定性

本文从磁流力学理论出发,研究了有流动情况下等离子体柱的扭折不稳定性线性理论,并以所导出的色散方程计算色散曲线,从而估计速度因子在线性不稳定性理论中所起的作用。本文发现流体的流动与磁场环向分量H_(eφ)一样是一个不稳定因子,随着流动速度的出现和增加,不稳定性增长率会提高几倍至几十倍,发生不稳定的波长范围会扩大.在速度较大的情况下,对短波扰动,m=0,m=1模几乎会同时出现。最后,用本文计算结果对太阳大气中出现的几个典型事例,进行了简单的定性解释。     

宇宙γ射线暴的一种可能产能机制

本文对宇宙r射线暴的能源提出了一个模型。按照这种模型,等离子体的不稳定过程包含两个相,即热暴发相和稳定湮灭相。而贮存在局部源中的磁能,以一种与观测相一致的速率有效地转换为等离子体的动力能和欧姆耗散能。随着反常阻抗的快速增加,建立了等离子体的湍动场。它与麦克思韦高能尾巴电子迅速耦合,产生了相对论性电子。r射线能够通过相对论性电子在磁场中的同步辐射而得到说明。     

太阳Ⅲ型暴与反向Langmuir波的产生

一般认为,Langmuir波(LW)转换为电磁波是太阳Ⅲ型射电暴的产生机制.由电子束流不稳定性可以很容易地激发LW,正向LW和反向LW的相互作用被认为是产生Ⅲ型暴二次谐波的原因,但反向LW的色散方程和产生机制尚未得到充分研究.对含有温度的双流不稳定性的方程进行了解析求解,发现温度和束流速度分别对反向和正向LW色散关系具有显著影响,并采用粒子模拟(PIC)方法部分证实了解析推导的结果.通过PIC模拟研究了反向LW的产生机制,发现反向LW不能由电子束流直接激发,其能量基本上都是由正向LW散射得到的.然而,电子束流对正向LW的二次谐波有直接放大作用.     

太阳大气中高速喷射柱的MHD稳定性

本文推得了具有流动情形下的磁约束等离子体柱稳定性的色散方程,对内部流动速度为160km/s(冲浪型)和600km/s(喷焰型)两种高速喷射情形,分别算得其增长模的色散曲线。结果表明,不稳定增长率并不随喷射速度增高而无限增长,当喷射速度接近太阳表面逃逸速度时,增长率在短波波段反而下降,色散曲线形状会发生明显的变化。此时,m=0模和m=1模的两种扭折不稳定性会在不同的扰动波长上同时发生,而对极短波长的扰动,不稳定性永远不会发生。通过对物理参数不同取值的计算结果比较,以判断各个物理参数对稳定性的作用及其有效性。最后,利用这些结果对几个特殊的高速喷射现象进行了物理解释。     

具平缓电子能谱的伽玛射线暴的解析光变曲线

在标准的伽玛暴余辉模型中,电子通过费米一级加速后形成单幂律能谱分布dn/dγe∝γe-p(p≈2.3),但在某些伽玛暴事件中观测到了平缓的电子能谱分布(即p＜2).在单幂律谱和分段幂律谱两种情况下,分别给出了具有平缓电子能谱的伽玛暴余辉的解析光变曲线,并以GRB 060908为例进行了讨论.同时提出了伽玛暴低能谱危机的...     

致密介质中柱状喷流的伽玛射线暴余辉

很多伽玛射线暴应当是产生于极端相对论性的喷流.关于喷流,绝大多数的讨论都是围绕锥状喷流展开.然而有观测发现,一些天体中的喷流在很长距离上始终保持着几乎不变的截面积,即表现为柱状喷流.研究致密介质环境中有侧向膨胀的柱状喷流的余辉,描述其动力学演化和辐射过程,分别得到解析解和数值解,并对两者进行了对比.研究的暴周星际介质是光学厚的,在初始的主暴阶段,喷流辐射出高度准直的高能射线,升华了暴周介质,形成一个在光学波段光学薄的柱状通道.余辉阶段,由于喷流是有侧向膨胀的,观测者只能收集到视觉面积占比例越来越小的光学辐射,理论上可得到衰减极为快速的光变曲线,流量随时间的衰减约为Svα t-p-1(p为电子幂律分布的谱指数).如此迅速的衰减使得光学余辉将难以被观测到,提供了一种对暗伽玛射线暴的解释.     

q-非广延分布等离子体中的离子声孤波

从三维非广延分布函数及流体动力学方程组出发,研究了非广延分布等离子体中电子的非广延性对离子声孤波结构和性质的影响.通过理论解析获得Sagdeev赝势方程,从该方程出发研究了不同q所对应离子声孤波的振幅、宽度及电子数密度的空间分布.数值结果表明:离子声孤波存在的可允许范围由参量q决定,并且电子的非广延效应对离子声孤波的空间特性及电子密度分布均有较大影响.     

动力学阿尔文波的非线性波-波相互作用及其在日地空间等离子体中的应用

动力学阿尔文波是垂直波长接近离子回旋半径或电子惯性长度时的色散阿尔文波,在等离子体粒子加热、加速或反常输运等现象中能起重要作用.因此,在各类天体和空间等离子体环境中动力学阿尔文波的特性也一直是引起人们广泛兴趣和倍受关注的研究课题.本论文系统、深入地研究了不同等离子体环境下动力学阿尔文波的非线性波一波耦合相互作用过程,特别是对不同环境下波一波耦合导致的动力学阿尔文波非线性生长率进行了细致的分析.     

黑洞暂现源中的准周期振荡现象

黑洞暂现源是中心天体为恒星级黑洞的X射线双星,其X射线辐射是暂态的。目前已经得到认证的黑洞暂现源总共有17个,黑洞候选体有32个。黑洞暂现源中普遍存在准周期振荡(QPO)现象,按照频率的不同可以将黑洞暂现源中的QPO分为低频QPO和高频QPO两类。相对论性进动模型是现阶段解释低频QPO现象最成功的理论模型,除此之外径向振荡模型和盘振荡模型也可以解释某些低频QPO现象;而高频QPO现象可以用相对论性共振模型以及盘振荡模型解释。研究黑洞暂现源QPO现象有利于更好地了解吸积的本质以及内吸积流的性质,同时为研究黑洞周围强引力场效应提供了窗口。此外,存在一些与QPO现象有关的经验关系,对这些经验关系的研究可以对现有的理论模型提出限制条件。     

太阳风电子动力学不稳定性

电子是太阳风粒子中最为重要的组分之一,它可以通过多种机制对太阳风产生影响.太阳风中的电子通常具有温度各向异性和束流两种非热平衡分布特征,这些偏离热平衡分布的特征可以通过波粒相互作用激发电子不稳定性和等离子体波动,激发的等离子体波动又可以通过波粒相互作用调制太阳风粒子的分布,从而加热太阳风中的背景粒子.因此电子动力学不稳定性在太阳风的演化过程中扮演了极为重要的角色.详细介绍了太阳风中常见的电子动力学不稳定性,并基于等离子体动力论,详细介绍太阳风传播过程中所出现的各种不稳定性,尤其是在近日球层和太阳大气区域所出现的电子声热流不稳定性以及低混杂热流不稳定性,并分析其波粒相互作用机制,以便更加深入地研究太阳风传播过程中的电子分布函数演化.     

Acceleration of Numerical Integration of the Equations of Motion of Asteroids

Solar System Research - Finding and studying possible collisions of asteroids approaching the Earth requires a significant amount of computation. This paper describes the R0 program created to...     

A survey of orbits of co-orbitals of Mars

Many asteroids with a semimajor axis close to that of Mars have been discovered in the last several years. Potentially some of these could be in 1:1 resonance with Mars, much as are the classic Trojan asteroids with Jupiter, and its lesser-known horseshoe companions with Earth. In the 1990s, two Trojan companions of Mars, 5261 Eureka and 1998 VF₃₁, were discovered, librating about the L₅ Lagrange point, 60° behind Mars in its orbit. Although several other potential Mars Trojans have been identified, our orbital calculations show only one other known asteroid, 1999 UJ₇, to be a Trojan, associated with the L₄ Lagrange point, 60° ahead of Mars in its orbit. We further find that asteroid 36017 (1999 ND₄₃) is a horseshoe librator, alternating with periods of Trojan motion. This asteroid makes repeated close approaches to Earth and has a chaotic orbit whose behavior can be confidently predicted for less than 3000 years. We identify two objects, 2001 HW₁₅ and 2000 TG₂, within the resonant region capable of undergoing what we designate “circulation transition”, in which objects can pass between circulation outside the orbit of Mars and circulation inside it, or vice versa. The eccentricity of the orbit of Mars appears to play an important role in circulation transition and in horseshoe motion. Based on the orbits and on spectroscopic data, the Trojan asteroids of Mars may be primordial bodies, while some co-orbital bodies may be in a temporary state of motion.     

Graphical representation of periodic motion of the line of nodes of the Moon

In the text-books of astronomy, sections generally related to the Moon deal with the orbital elements of the Earth-Moon system such asa, e, i, , and the time of perigee passage. While the MEAN of the first of the three elements do not vary, mean longitude of the ascending node-mean longitude of the lunar perigee and the time of perigee passage undergoes secular as well as periodic changes due predominantly to the action of the Sun's gravitational attraction. While to a certain degree, explanations related to the calculation of the lunar orbit parameters are given, not a single graphical representation of these short- or long-periodic changes are presented. We allow the number of data related to these periodic changes must cover a large span of time; and if regression of the line of nodes or advances of the line of apses are to be graphically seen, data covering 18.61 and 8.85 yr, respectively, are needed. In this work we particularly aim at the graphical representation of the periodic changes of the line of nodes.     

Equation of state and anisotropy of pressure of magnetars

Magnetars are the neutron stars with the highest magnetic fields up to 10¹⁵–10¹⁶ G. It has been proposed that they are also responsible for a variety of extra-galactic phenomena, ranging from giant flares in nearby galaxies to fast radio bursts. Utilizing a relativistic mean field model and a variable magnetic field configuration, we investigate the effects of strong magnetic fields on the equation of state and anisotropy of pressure of magnetars. It is found that the mass and radius of low-mass magnetars are weakly enhanced under the action of the strong magnetic field, and the anisotropy of pressure can be ignored. Unlike other previous investigations, the magnetic field is unable to violate the mass limit of the neutron stars.     

Observations of the intensity of the penumbra of sunspots

Observations of the penumbral intensity of sunspots in 13 wavelength regions are presented. In 4 wavelength regions 54 sunspots are measured. In the other wavelength regions the number of sunspots considered ranges from 3–19.The penumbral intensity alters with position within the spot. This intensity variation is found to be comparable with the change in intensity from one spot to another. The penumbral intensity is found to be independent of spot size in the sample considered.The penumbra model of Kjeldseth Moe and Maltby (1969) with = 0.055 is supported by the measurements.