西峡县陈阳坪铍铷矿地质特征

在东秦岭西官庄-镇平断裂带陈阳坪地区进一步发现稀有金属矿产后,为了解铍铷矿床特征,对陈阳坪花岗伟晶岩型铍铷矿石矿物电子探针特征及矿区地质等进行了综合分析研究。本区发现伟晶岩脉11条,铍铷矿体4条,矿体长105～1100 m,厚4.26～7.00 m, BeO品位:0.035%～0.0445%,Rb₂O品位:0.046%～0.123%。矿石有用矿物为钾长石、白云母、绿柱石、石榴子石等,钾长石晶体裂隙中可见绿柱石,为含铍的重要矿物;白云母集中于花岗伟晶岩中带,铯榴石不均匀出现于伟晶岩边部、构造裂隙、钾长石颗粒间隙,为含铯铷矿物。据矿石矿物电子探针分析,矿石中的铷主要赋存于钾长石、白云母矿物。产于晋宁期花岗伟晶岩中的铍铷稀有金属矿,矿体受伟晶岩脉控制,晋宁期的岩浆活动为本区铷矿、稀有元素形成提供了丰富的物质来源,经后期构造及岩浆热液活动使岩体中的铍、铷元素活化富集形成稀有金属矿床。在矿区东部及南部也存在类似地质构造特征,陈阳坪地区花岗伟晶岩的研究成果对豫西南铍铷等稀有金属矿产取得进一步找矿突破具有一定意义。     

白云母成分对富锂铍伟晶岩成因的指示：以卡鲁安稀有金属矿田为例

新疆阿尔泰造山带是我国重要的稀有金属矿床矿产资源基地,尤以富Li和富Be伟晶岩型矿床广泛发育为特色。本研究选择阿尔泰造山带卡鲁安-阿祖拜矿田富Li和富Be伟晶岩型矿床开展典型解剖,以贯穿岩浆阶段-伟晶岩阶段的白云母矿物为研究主线,探讨不同矿化类型伟晶岩中云母的成分演化规律、花岗岩与伟晶岩的成因联系。矿物学特征显示富Be伟晶岩中发育大量磷酸盐矿物,而富Li伟晶岩含较多橙色锰铝榴石、锂云母而缺乏典型的Fe-Mn磷酸盐。白云母成分分析显示,从白云母花岗岩→富Be伟晶岩→富Li伟晶岩,白云母总体呈Nb含量和Nb/Ta值降低,指示白云母花岗岩、富Be伟晶岩经历了不同程度的分离结晶作用,也代表了富Li伟晶岩的岩浆分异演化程度更高。尽管利用云母成分变化(尤其是K、Rb、Cs等大离子亲石元素)模拟岩浆结晶演化过程,显示可由初始花岗质岩浆经瑞利分离结晶作用依次形成白云母花岗岩→富Be伟晶岩→富Li伟晶岩的假设。但研究区年代学、矿物学、同位素证据指示富Li伟晶岩和富Be伟晶岩具有不同的熔体性质和形成时代。因此,应用云母成分探讨伟晶岩的成因联系应当建立在花岗岩-伟晶岩系统具有合理的时空分布和其它支持源自同一...     

赣南茅坪钨矿伟晶岩壳中环带云母的特征及对岩浆-热液演化过程的指示意义

通过显微镜、扫描电镜(SEM/EDS)、电子探针(EPMA)等研究手段,对赣南茅坪钨矿伟晶岩型矿石中的云母开展了详细的矿物学研究。研究结果表明:这类云母具有富Al、K、Li,贫Mn、Ta、Mg、Ca,挥发性组分F质量分数较高等特征;随着岩浆演化,茅坪伟晶岩中的云母成分发生变化,由富锂多硅白云母向铁锂云母方向演化;茅坪伟晶岩中的云母经历了岩浆—热液过渡阶段,因受后期热液的交代作用普遍发育复杂环带结构;另外,伟晶岩中的云母具有高F的特征,说明体系中F的质量分数很高,在岩浆演化过程中,F趋向于在残余岩浆中富集,这有利于岩浆的高度演化和稀有金属的富集。     

喜马拉雅吉隆淡色花岗岩-伟晶岩中云母的矿物学研究：对锂富集过程的指示

喜马拉雅造山带多个花岗岩-伟晶岩岩体与锂铍等稀有金属成矿作用相关,如普士拉、热曲、珠峰前进沟等。吉隆岩体位于喜马拉雅造山带中部,出露大量淡色花岗岩和含绿柱石伟晶岩,中国锂地球化学分布图上显示吉隆地区有锂富集异常。本次研究在吉隆二云母花岗岩和伟晶岩(含细晶岩)不同岩相的样品中发现了富锂的云母。利用扫描电镜、电子探针和LA-ICP-MS,对不同岩相中云母族矿物的结构特征以及原位主、微量元素成分进行了分析。研究结果表明,云母具有良好的成分分带,原生铁叶云母和白云母为核部,铁锂云母和锂白云母出现在边部;还可见共生的铁锂云母与石英以后成合晶的结构交生产出,替代铁叶云母的核部。因此从核部到边部,云母成分变化存在两个演化序列,即从铁叶云母到铁锂云母±锂白云母,Al、Li和F的含量呈明显增高的趋势,铁锂云母的Li₂O和F含量分别达到～3.4%和～4.5%;而另一序列从白云母变为锂白云母±铁锂云母,锂白云母F含量最高达7.8%,通过计算得到Li₂O含量最高达到6.0%。云母的化学成分显示,从二云母花岗岩、伟晶岩到细晶岩,铁叶云母和白云母的K/Rb比值分别逐渐降...     

稀有金属花岗岩结晶分异过程中铷的富集与成矿:来自江西甘坊岩体的矿物学证据

内容提要:铷的成矿与稀有金属花岗岩密切相关。由于稀有金属花岗岩中普遍存在晚阶段热液蚀变,很难厘清岩浆过程与热液过程,稀有金属成矿起主导作用的是岩浆分异作用,还是热液交代作用,目前的认识尚不清晰。江西甘坊岩体是一个重要的稀有金属成矿区,当前在甘坊岩体内发现了一系列花岗岩型和细晶岩脉型锂铷稀有多金属矿床(点),其稀有金属成矿机制仍不明确。本文选择甘坊岩体内的白果、大港、楠木坑花岗岩型铷矿和富华、同安细晶岩型铷矿为研究对象,采用矿物自动扫描系统、电子探针、LA-ICP-MS等方法对多种花岗岩中的长石类和云母类矿物进行精细结构和成分分析。结果表明:云母类矿物是铷的主要载体(Rb=1683×10^-6～12047×10^-6),长石类矿物中铷含量低,其中钾长石铷含量为1683×10^-6～4051×10^-6,而钠长石几乎不含铷(1.82×10^-6～89.94×10^-6)。富铷锂的云母由白云母经锂多硅白云母和铁锂云母向锂云母转变,其中锂主要通过2Li⁺...     

云母:花岗岩-伟晶岩稀有金属成矿作用的重要标志矿物

云母是花岗岩、伟晶岩中的重要造岩矿物,不仅是整个岩浆阶段的结晶产物,而且也是热液过程的参与者。作为层状硅酸盐矿物,层间或八面体位置上可容纳锂、铷铯、锡、铌钽等稀有金属。本文结合前人研究积累和作者近年来的研究成果,阐述了云母作为一个重要的稀有金属成矿标志矿物的矿物学特征。铁锂云母-锂云母是稀有金属成矿作用中重要的锂矿物,同时云母中锂含量可以反映花岗岩的分异程度。铷、铯可以置换云母层间钾,在高演化花岗岩、伟晶岩中可以形成铷、铯为主的云母(既可以是锂云母系列,也可以是黑云母系列)。黑云母是稀有金属花岗岩中一个特殊的矿物。准铝质含锡花岗岩中黑云母锡含量可达100×10~(-6),其锡含量可以指示其锡成矿能力。稀有金属花岗岩中,常见的是铌钽氧化物矿物。但是最近研究发现,黑云母中铌可以超常富集(超过1000×10~(-6)),成为稀有金属花岗岩中最重要、甚至唯一的铌矿物,形成一种以富铌黑云母为特色的新类型稀有金属花岗岩,并可能代表了一种新型的潜在铌资源。基于云母在花岗岩中的重要性和结构的特殊性,今后要利用微区成分和结构分析技术,加强对云母中稀有金属晶体化学的研究,以及进一步揭示云母对稀有金属成矿的特殊重要意义。     

福建南平花岗伟晶岩及其围岩中云母的矿物学研究

白云母作为造岩矿物之一，广泛分布于南平各类伟晶岩中。随着伟晶岩类型的变化，白云母的产状、物理性质、结构、化学成分等均发生有规律的变化．特别是在Ⅳ类型伟晶岩中，白云母Rb、Cs含量的明显增高，指示了该类伟晶岩具有良好的稀有金属矿化。另外，Ⅳ类型伟晶岩夹层中发育的铝黑鳞云母，它是由变质岩系中的黑云母蚀变而来，其Rb、Cs含量更高，也是寻找稀有金属伟晶岩特征的标型矿物．     

川西甲基卡花岗伟晶岩型锂矿床中熔体、流体包裹体固相物质研究

川西甲基卡二云母花岗岩和伟晶岩内发育大量原生熔体包裹体和富晶体流体包裹体。为了查明甲基卡成矿熔体、流体性质与演化特征,运用激光拉曼光谱和扫描电镜鉴定了甲基卡花岗伟晶岩型锂矿床中二云母花岗岩及伟晶岩脉不同结构带内的原生熔体、流体包裹体的固相物质。分析结果表明,甲基卡二云母花岗岩石英内熔体包裹体的矿物组合为磷灰石+白云母、白云母+钠长石、白云母+石墨;伟晶岩绿柱石内富晶体流体包裹体的矿物组合主要为刚玉、富铝铁硅酸盐+刚玉+锂辉石、锂辉石+石英+锂绿泥石;伟晶岩锂辉石内富晶体流体包裹体的矿物组合主要为磷灰石、锡石、磁铁矿、石英+钠长石+锂绿泥石、萤石、富钙镁硅酸盐+富铁铝硅酸盐+富铁硅酸盐+石英;花岗岩浆熔体与伟晶岩浆熔体(流体)具有一定的差异,成矿熔体、流体成分总体呈现出碱质元素(Na、Si、Al)、挥发分(F、P、CO_2)含量增高及基性元素(Fe、Mg、Ca)降低的特征;包裹体中子矿物与主矿物的化学成分具有一定的差别,揭示出伟晶岩熔体(流体)存在局部岩浆分异作用,具不混溶性及非均匀性。因此认为,伟晶岩熔浆(流体)为岩浆分异与岩浆不混溶共同作用的产物,挥发分含量的增高(F、P、CO_2)使伟晶岩能够与稀有金属组成各类络合物或化合物,这对于稀有金属成矿起到了至关重要的作用。     

陕西省丹凤资峪沟伟晶岩型铷矿床地质特征及找矿前景

东秦岭是我国重要的花岗伟晶岩分布区和稀有金属成矿区,广泛发育各种类型花岗伟晶岩脉,并形成4个花岗伟晶岩脉密集区。丹凤资峪沟花岗伟晶岩脉型铷矿为新发现的铷矿床,产于华力西期的花岗伟晶岩脉中,矿区内含铷伟晶岩矿体规模大,延伸长,铷矿化均匀,Rb_2O含量较高。通过对矿体产出构造位置、矿体特征、矿石成份、岩石地球化学特征及铷赋存状态的分析研究,认为矿体与宽坪岩体关系密切,宽坪岩体为该类型花岗伟晶岩脉母岩,且铷主要赋存于微斜长石和白云母中,成因类型为花岗伟晶岩型矿床。结合区内地质背景、伟晶岩脉发育程度、铷等稀有元素矿化特征、找矿标志等,认为区内成矿地质条件良好,具有较大的铷等稀有金属矿产的找矿前景,并为下一步找矿圈定有利地段。     

新疆可可托海稀有金属矿床矿物和岩石热红外光谱特征

当前新型材料、新能源在各个领域应用不断深化,稀有金属矿床迎来了世界范围内的研究与勘探热潮。新疆可可托海稀有金属矿床是我国最早开发利用稀有金属矿产资源的重要基地,但对其典型矿物和围岩的热红外反射光谱的认识还很缺乏,制约了对同类型矿床开展遥感地质调查和遥感地质学研究工作的推进。本文采用便携式热红外光谱仪,对可可托海3号脉的典型矿物岩石开展热红外光谱特征研究。结果表明:热红外光谱可以有效识别锂辉石、锂云母、绿柱石、电气石等典型的稀有金属矿物。其中,与锂云母相比,含锂云母伟晶岩产生了新的特征峰;含锂辉石伟晶岩、含电气石伟晶岩相比于各自单晶矿物,其反射特征峰均明显向短波方向偏移;含绿柱石伟晶岩光谱曲线反射特征峰比绿柱石单晶反射特征峰明显向长波方向偏移。本文初步建立了可可托海典型矿物和岩石热红外光谱特征数据库,总结了以锂辉石、锂云母等稀有金属矿床矿物、含矿伟晶岩及围岩的热红外光谱特征,可为热红外光谱进行稀有金属矿物的识别及花岗伟晶岩型矿床的勘探提供必要的基础数据支撑。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

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