矢量电子地图瓦片制作性能评估与应用

针对大众GIS应用与服务对在线地图表达和性能要求越来越高,矢量瓦片成为地图引擎的首选,该文从地图矢量切片模型、编码规则、技术流程与跨平台应用研究等多角度,以主流的切片工具Mapbox Studio、GeoServer、ArcGIS Pro为例,对不同的地图矢量切片方案,从自定义矢量制图、切片环境、切片机制等方面进行了定性定量对比分析。结果表明:不同切片工具由于其切片环境和机制的不同,切片效率各有不同,适用于各自不同的应用场景,为在线网络地图引擎设计、开发和应用提供了技术参考。同时,该文提出通过自定义微服务网关的方式实现多套矢量瓦片服务对应多客户端调用需求,实现矢量瓦片跨平台应用。     

异构在线地图数据集成研究

目前在线网络地图得到了广泛应用。不同的在线地图服务,在地图投影方式、地图层级范围、地理编码方式等方面存在差异,从而导致在线地图服务间彼此独立,难以集成与共享。在总结已有空间数据集成模式的基础上,分析在线异构地图服务的数据组织方式,提出全局虚拟金字塔结构模型,在此基础上集成异构在线地图数据,并通过试验进行验证。     

三维地图服务系统的研究与实现

提出并建立一个基于融合地形影像、高程、模型、矢量等数据场景的三维地图服务系统,提供三维基本功能、二三维联动以及数据共享管理等服务。本文主要研究三维地图服务系统的具体划分和实现方式,不仅实现各类三维数据的统一调用,而且更直观、快捷地为三维应用系统提供服务接口,高效地构建三维地理信息服务平台。     

“天地图·陕西”浏览客户端的设计与开发

基于"天地图·陕西"发布的电子地图服务,设计开发了适用于不同系统下的电子地图浏览系统,依托当前较为流行的移动终端,可以实现"天地图·陕西"在线矢量地图和影像地图的触控浏览、移动定位、POI搜索、周边查询、市县导航、路径导航等功能,便于用户使用"天地图·陕西"的地图服务和功能服务。     

应急场景快速制图及地图信息传输

当前,应急响应范式已经由“预测-应对”转变为“情景-应对”,应急地图作为应急测绘地理信息保障服务的重要内容,其制图方式也应该有所改变。本文介绍了突发事件情景及地理场景的定义,指出地理场景是各情景要素存在或发生的物理空间,同时也是应急地图表达的对象;论述了应急场景快速制图的基本原理及该制图模式具有的4个主要特点;将传统的地图信息传输理论与新应急响应范式相结合,提出了应急场景快速制图模式下的地图信息传输模型,详细论述了模型中空间信息的传输过程,并分析了该过程中影响信息传输效率的地图发送端和接收端的空间认知。     

Virtual Earth API在Web地图服务中的应用

自2005年地图搜索服务兴起以及Google公司在线地图Google Map的发布,web地图服务成为新一轮竞争热点,微软、雅虎及亚马逊等公司纷纷参与竞争。本文介绍了微软Virtual Earth API最为重要的几个功能及其实现方法,演示了使用Virtual Earth技术建立Web地图服务的方法,为学习微软Virtual Earth制图技术和使用Virtual Earth地图控件提供借鉴。     

主流网络地图应用开发API技术研究

使用网络地图API,开发者可以非常方便的调用在线地图中的资源,实现各种各样的地图第三方应用。介绍了几种国内主流网络地图API技术,列出开发者选用网络地图API应考虑的因素,并对其进行了比较。为用户了解网络地图API,选择合适的地图服务提供依据。     

地理信息在线服务方式的发展

概述了地理信息在线服务的必要性,是实现从模拟地图或电子光盘的拷贝服务到系统服务的转变,是从数据提供到增值服务的转变。阐述了地理信息在线服务的主要方式,包括地理信息发布、地理信息分发、地理信息在线应用和地理信息一站式访问等。介绍了地理信息在线服务在公共地图网站、国外地理信息公共平台和国内数字城市建设领域的应用情况。     

WGS-84经纬度转百度平面坐标的离线转换方法研究

随着互联网的发展,以百度地图为代表的互联网地图被广泛应用到地理信息管理系统中。为了将以外业GPS测量为主的矢量数据应用到这类系统中,需要进行由WGS-84经纬度到百度平面坐标的转换。目前,借助百度官方提供的坐标转换API可以实现这种形式的坐标在线转换,然而这些矢量数据往往是以地图服务的形式发布在内网环境中,无法实现在线转换,故亟待引入一种离线转换算法。本文正是基于这种需求,提出了一种依托控制点库的WGS-84经纬度向百度平面坐标的离线转换方法,并对这种方法进行了精度评价。结果表明,该算法的转换精度可达米级,误差的主要来源为建立控制点库时在线调用百度坐标转换API产生的误差。     

逐鹿网络地图市场——网络地图搜索遭遇突破性增长

电子地图是一个包罗很广的概念。按照不同应用,可以细分为三个市场：导航市场、行业应用和地图在线服务。 地图在线服务,业界也通常称做互联网电子地图、网络地图搜索,或是基于位置的网络服务等等。     

基于Python的ArcGIS Server地图瓦片定时自动更新方法

论述了一种基于Python定时自动更新ArcGIS Server地图瓦片的方法,从地图瓦片定时自动更新的基础和地图瓦更新流程2个方面介绍了具体的实现过程。该方法已在"天地图.安徽"项目中予以应用,显著降低了地图瓦片更新的工作难度,对于局部更新在线地图服务具有很强的可操作性。     

Automatic mapping and innovative on-demand mapping services at IGN France

Mapmaking has become widespread through the Internet, resulting in a wide range of cartographic quality. To achieve better quality, mapmaking needs tools and online services for intuitive and efficient on-demand mapping. A project team at IGN, the French National Mapping Agency, is working on producing a digital cartographic model (DCM) from various existing databases and maps on which such tools and services are based. This DCM ranges from detailed topographic maps to small general road maps. GeoServer Web Map Service capabilities were used extensively to produce quality maps with various legends. Special care was taken to make a default legend suitable for customer data overlays, both on-screen and on paper. Web-based interface prototypes were built to guide users in choosing colors and creating their own original map legends. Users can also rely on a growing catalog of harmonious color palettes and map samples as sources of inspiration.     

基于Android终端的GIS林业数据采集系统设计

在野外利用智能终端设备采集数据可以保证获取资料的便利性与准确性。针对林业数据的数量庞大、科目多样、分布区域广泛等特点,本系统基于现有的Android平台结合百度地图API及定位SDK组件调用进行二次开发,实现地图接入、位置定位、路线搜索等服务,通过相关命令调用终端拍照等应用在数据库中实现数据采集、属性记录及导出功能,系统主要包括登录模块、采集模块、数据管理模块等。本文设计的Android终端GIS采集数据系统可以满足外业人员对林业数据的核查、修改与采集需求,为野外核查工作提供了新的模式和方法。     

DESIGN AND REALIZATION OF MAP DIGITIZATION SYSTEM ON MICRO-COMPUTER BASED MAP GRAPHIC WORKSTATION

The main purpose to develop a Map Graphic Workstation on thewidely used micro-computer is that by it the whole processing of map data fromcapturing,managing,editing,updating to graphic outputting can be realized.Map Digitization System（MDS）is the software system to deal with the initial andalso the most important processing.In this paper,the authors introduce a MDSon a micro-computer based Map Grphic Workstation that has been qualitified forthe producation of digital map.Since the system is designed totally independentlyand in the general frame of the Map Graphic Workstation,the capturing and man-aging and other processings for map data are in an integral manner,in which theproducation of digital map can be fulfilled conveniently.At the same time,thesystem is flexible for function extension and widely applicable to the data from dif-ferent sources and with different information characterisitcs(e.g.,the processingof Chinese characters on map).     

Map Design Evaluation for Mobile Display

How to effectively represent spatial information on handheld mobile devices is a key question, given the increasing use of personal digital assistants (PDAs) and cell phones concurrent with the development of location-based services. The mobile use of digital maps on small displays presents new capabilities and challenges that differ from using paper maps in a mobile setting or viewing digital maps on a desktop computer. This research addresses these issues through a study that evaluated maps on a mobile device used for a field-based navigation task. Map representations at two levels of generalization were compared by analyzing subject performance in a pedestrian route-following task, in which a handheld computer was used as a navigation aid. Subject time and accuracy as well as interaction with the mobile device during the task were measured. The results carry implications for map design for small, mobile displays and identify factors that affect the use of maps while moving. Maps are and will increasingly be used on small displays in mobile contexts for a variety of purposes and in many different environments. The requirements and preferences of mobile users, as well as how these maps are used in different contexts, must be understood in order to inform more effective designs.     

基于地图API的校园在线电子地图设计与实现

大学城的建设和高校规模的扩建,给众多师生和来访者造成诸多不便。校园电子地图为广大师生及来访者提供地理参照和导航作用,为校园数字化建设提供基本的地理框架。针对现有主流地理信息系统平台价格昂贵且对开发者技术要求高等局限性,文中基于地图搜索引擎提供的API进行校园在线电子地图的设计与开发,探讨将地图API与第三方数据相结合实现局域在线地图服务的关键技术,以河南理工大学在线电子地图的构建为例,验证相关技术和方法的可行性。     

省级国土资源“一张图”数据库建设关键技术研究

加快以国土资源遥感监测"一张图"为基础的核心数据库建设,是国土资源信息化"十二五"期间的重点工作。结合江苏省级国土资源"一张图"工程建设情况,简要介绍省级"一张图"数据库建设内容和成果。本文重点对省级海量空间数据的存储组织和地图服务等关键技术进行研究。     

A multidisciplinary multi-scale framework for assessing vulnerabilities to global change

Terrestrial ecosystems provide a number of vital services for people and society, such as food, fibre, water resources, carbon sequestration, and recreation. The future capability of ecosystems to provide these services is determined by changes in socio-economic factors, land use, atmospheric composition, and climate. Most impact assessments do not quantify the vulnerability of ecosystems and ecosystem services under such environmental change. They cannot answer important policy-relevant questions such as 'Which are the main regions or sectors that are most vulnerable to global change?’ 'How do the vulnerabilities of two regions compare?’ 'Which scenario is the least harmful for a sector?’This paper describes a new approach to vulnerability assessment developed by the Advanced Terrestrial Ecosystem Analysis and Modelling (ATEAM) project. Different ecosystem models, covering biodiversity, agriculture, forestry, hydrology, and carbon sequestration are fed with the same Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) scenarios based on the Special Report on Emissions Scenarios (SRES). Each model gives insights into specific ecosystems, as in traditional impact assessments. Moreover, by integrating the results in a vulnerability assessment, the policy-relevant questions listed above can also be addressed. A statistically derived European environmental stratification forms a key element in the vulnerability assessment. By linking it to other quantitative environmental stratifications, comparisons can be made using data from different assessments and spatial scales.     

基于图元参数模型的通用普通地图符号库研究

地图符号库是地理信息系统中实现地理信息可视化的功能模块。现有符号库的符号设计机制各不相同,符号数据在符号库之间无法共享。此外,对于崩崖、沼泽等复杂符号缺少参数化的描述方法,难以自动绘制。在现有地图符号库研究以及相关标准的基础上,提出了地图符号的基本图元参数模型,并且针对复杂符号的特点对模型进行了扩展,最终实现了一个基于图元参数模型的通用普通地图符号库系统。