时间序列低分影像修正中分遥感冬小麦分布

单期中等空间分辨率遥感影像(如Landsat8 OLI)进行冬小麦提取,易受到"异物同谱、同物异谱"影响,造成冬小麦识别结果的"错入、错出",降低冬小麦识别精度。低空间分辨率遥感影像(如MODIS)获取时间频率高,具有时间序列特征,能够准确地刻画出冬小麦生长周期内的特有物候特征,可以有效地消除单期遥感影像上存在的"异物同谱、同物异谱"现象。研究利用MODIS时间序列特征提取出的冬小麦空间分布信息为辅助信息,用来修正单期OLI遥感影像识别冬小麦结果的"错入、错出"误差,以提高冬小麦的识别精度。实验结果表明,在冬小麦错出区域,OLI提取结果的均方根误差(root mean square error,RMSE)为0. 758,经MODIS修正后RMSE为0. 142,降低了0. 616;在冬小麦错入区域,OLI提取结果的RMSE为0. 901,经MODIS修正后RMSE为0. 122,降低了0. 779。可见,该方法能够发挥MODIS有效描述冬小麦生长周期内时间序列特征的优势,对Landsat OLI冬小麦测量结果进行了有效修正,提高了冬小麦测量精度。     

期刊博览

基于多时相HJ卫星的冬小麦面积提取 我国环境与灾害监测预报小卫星HJ-1A／B具有较高的时间和空间分辨率,在作物种植面积提取和长势监测等方面具有较大优势。本文根据冬小麦的物候规律和季相节律的差异性,选取返青期和拔节期两个生育期的HJ卫星影像,借鉴分层信息提取法原理,综合利用监督分类和非监督分类法,结合人及交互目视解译和实地定位调查等资料提取了姜堰市的冬小麦种植面积,总体面积提取精度达到90．22％,样点空间匹配精度为81．25％,     

基于图像分割和NDVI时间序列曲线分类模型的冬小麦种植区域识别与提取

为自动获取大面积冬小麦种植区域,通常利用中等空间分辨率遥感影像中的物候信息,基于时间序列曲线进行识别与提取。但在实际工程项目中,只使用物候信息提取精度偏低。因此提出了一种基于时间序列曲线数据分类模型与图像分割相结合的冬小麦识别方法。首先,构建多源数据的归一化植被指数(normalized difference vegetation index,NDVI)时间序列曲线,采用时间序列谐波分析方法(harmonic analysis of time series,HANTS)对NDVI时间序列数据进行平滑和去噪;然后,对NDVI时间序列进行坐标转换,获取波段均值、标准差和均方根3个参数,构建新的分类模型,提升冬小麦与其他作物的差异值;最后,通过与高空间分辨率数据的分割结果相结合,利用图像的空间结构信息,提高地物边界的准确性。以南京市江宁区为例,利用2017年12月—2018年6月间高分一号、Landsat8和Sentinel-2A 3种类型的共21景多源数据进行实验,最终提取精度达到98. 74%,比其他方法有所提高,为农业管理部门提供了准确的冬小麦种植区域和分布的地理信息数据。     

基于MODIS时序的陕西省植被物候时空变化特征分析

遥感技术作为对大尺度陆表监测研究的有效手段,被广泛应用于自然地理环境各要素的研究中。其中,植被物候作为自然界规律性、周期性的事件,对自然环境尤其是气候变化有着重要的指示作用。以陕西省为研究区,采用Savitzky-Golay(S-G)滤波方法对MODIS归一化植被指数(normalized difference vegetation index,NDVI)数据进行时间序列重构,并在此基础上,提取陕西省2001—2016年间的植被物候期信息进行其时空变化特征分析。研究结果表明:(1)陕西省的植被物候空间分布特征与其不同地形地貌的空间分布具有较好的一致性;(2)陕西省生长季开始的平均时间在每年的第120天,生长季结束的平均时间在第280天,生长季长度平均为160 d;(3)2001—2016年间陕西省植被生长季开始时间变化趋势为波动提前,变化率约为-0. 79 d/a(R2=0. 40,P 0. 01),生长季结束时间变化趋势表现为波动推迟,变化率约为0. 50 d/a(R2=0. 25,P 0. 05),生长季长度变化呈波动延长趋势,变化率约为1. 29 d/a(R2=0. 37,P 0. 05);(4)在不同的物候期,陕西省植被的物候变化趋势空间分布差异较大。     

基于省域冬小麦遥感监测的海量卫星数据筛选

从海量卫星影像中快速获取适合解译冬小麦的影像资料是开展冬小麦遥感监测的基础工作.本文以GF-2和ZY-3影像作为数据源,基于山东省的冬小麦物候特征,确定了影像的最佳时相是3—5月,在此基础上筛选云量少、冬小麦特征明显的影像,同时考虑到冬小麦长势的区域性差异,针对不同区域选取不同时相的影像,确保所选影像上的冬小麦光谱特征较为明显,并对影像覆盖情况进行了统计分析,共得到可用影像184景,及时、快速地为冬小麦种植信息提取提供基础数据.其中,3月份影像主要分布在鲁西南区域;4月份影像主要分布在鲁西和鲁东区域,在鲁南、鲁中和鲁北区域有少量分布;5月份影像主要分布在东部沿海地区.     

基于MODIS EVI时序数据的江汉平原油菜种植分布信息提取

油菜是我国主要的食用油料作物。及时、准确地获取油菜种植分布信息对油菜长势监测、估产以及灾情评估具有十分重要的意义。以江汉平原为研究区,利用250 m空间分辨率的MODIS EVI时序数据,以TM数据作为野外采样数据与MODIS EVI数据之间的过渡数据,间接提取MODIS EVI数据农作物的训练样本;通过分析江汉平原油菜和冬小麦的EVI光谱特征及物候信息,建立油菜种植面积提取模型;采用多次阈值比较法提取2014—2015年间江汉平原油菜种植分布信息。研究结果表明,2014年和2015年油菜面积遥感提取结果与农业局统计数据相比,总体提取精度分别达到95.22%和91.29%;2014年MODIS数据与TM数据提取的油菜面积一致性为88.61%;基于时间序列MODIS EVI数据,结合EVI光谱特征和物候信息,利用该方法可以有效提取江汉平原油菜种植分布信息。     

鲁西北平原冬小麦种植格局时空变化:2000―2014

鲁西北地区是我国主要粮食生产基地之一,冬小麦是该区最主要的夏粮作物。鲁西北地区冬小麦种植信息和时空变化特征,是该地区粮食安全研究的现实基础。根据鲁西北平原冬小麦的物候历,选取合适时间窗口下的Landsat TM/ETM~+/OLI中、高空间分辨率卫星影像,获取其归一化植被指数;设置合理阈值,识别了2000年和2014年鲁西北地区冬小麦的空间格局;采取野外考察和Google Earth选取样本点相结合的方法进行了精度验证。研究结果表明:鲁西北地区德州市辖区、夏津县、东营市利津县、沾化县、无棣县和聊城市辖区等6个区县的冬小麦分布较少,其余地区分布都比较广;2000―2014年间鲁西北地区冬小麦种植面积由171.19万hm~2减少到149.39万hm~2,减少21.8万hm~2,减幅为12.73%,集中分布在该区东北部、西部地区和区县中心的城市周边地区;2014年鲁西北平原冬小麦提取总体精度为96.8%。     

冬小麦种植空间区划研究

随着人口的逐渐增多,人们对粮食的需求量加大。冬小麦作为世界上主要农作物之一,对其进行研究具有重要意义。针对以往对冬小麦进行研究没有考虑到物候期差异的情况,本文利用温度数据对冬小麦种植空间区划进行研究,首先利用气温点状矢量数据进行插值,然后对其进行分类整理得到华北地区冬小麦种植空间区划结果。插值过程中利用了趋势面插值法、样条函数法、反距离权重插值法、自然邻域法和克里金插值法,通过实验分析得出克里金插值法的结果比较理想,选择此结果划分区划,并且证明了它适用于区域变量存在空间相关性的点状矢量数据。     

考虑植被红边信息的多时相Sentinel-2大范围冬小麦提取研究

冬小麦是中国的主要粮食作物且种植面积年际变化较大,及时准确掌握冬小麦种植面积变化有利于国家和相关部门科学决策。遥感技术是获取大范围冬小麦种植面积数据的最有效手段。前期研究多利用多时相中低分辨率影像（如MODIS）的归一化植被指数NDVI（Normalized Difference Vegetation Index）开展大范围冬小麦种植区提取,因分辨率低导致精度难以令人满意。Sentinel-2卫星是唯一能获取3个红边波段影像的米级分辨率传感器,但应用其红边波段进行大范围冬小麦提取的研究几乎没有。本文分析了红边位置指数REPI（Red-Edge Position Index）与NDVI各自在冬小麦提取中的优势,并基于冬小麦物候特征与JM距离研究关键时相,提出一种综合多时相Sentinel-2 PERI、NDVI的大范围冬小麦提取方法,将其应用于2020年京津冀地区的冬小麦种植区提取,冬小麦总面积提取误差为-2.57%。提取结果与Google Earth高分辨率光学影像的解译结果进行比较,总体精度为94.24%,Kappa系数为0.88,相较于已有大范围冬小麦提取研究精度有明显提升,表明了本文方法的有效性。     

基于知识推理的农作物空间分布监测方法研究

利用遥感技术进行农作物识别和监测是遥感应用领域的重要研究内容之一。以2006—2007年两个时相的CBERS-02 CCD影像为主要遥感数据源,对山东省某市的主要农作物的种植分布情况进行监测。将农作物的物候特征、光谱特征和纹理特征及GIS辅助信息等多源信息融合,建立识别知识规则,通过知识推理,逐步识别出冬小麦、夏玉米和棉花。最后,利用混淆矩阵对实验结果进行验证。通过分析比较,证明上述方法在监测作物空间分布方面具有较高精度。     

利用NOAA NDVI数据集监测冬小麦生育期的研究

探索了利用NDVI研究作物生育期的方法，对黄淮海冬麦区的返青期、抽穗期、成熟期进行了估测，并利用地面实际观测资料进行了验证。结果表明，NDVI数据对大范围农作物生育期监测是可行的。冬小麦遥感反青期由南到北依次推迟，符合春季绿波由南到北推移规律。对冬小麦遥感生育期年际变化分析表明，黄淮海平原返青期变化相对较大，而抽穗期和成熟期变化较小。根据历年月平均温度与返青期分析，冬小麦返青日期与2月份平均温度密切相关。对于局部地区，利用5d合成1km分辨率数据，且按农业生态分区分别制定生育期判别标准，估测效果将更好。     

Detecting winter wheat phenology with SPOT-VEGETATION data in the North China Plain

Monitoring phenological change in agricultural land improves our understanding of the adaptation of crops to a warmer climate. Winter wheat–maize and winter wheat–cotton double-cropping are practised in most agricultural areas in the North China Plain. A curve-fitting method is presented to derive winter wheat phenology from SPOT-VEGETATION S10 normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) data products. The method uses a double-Gaussian model to extract two phenological metrics, the start of season (SOS) and the time of maximum NDVI (MAXT). The results are compared with phenological records at local agrometeorological stations. The SOS and MAXT have close agreement with in situ observations of the jointing date and milk-in-kernel date respectively. The phenological metrics detected show spatial variations that are consistent with known phenological characteristics. This study indicates that time-series analysis with satellite data could be an effective tool for monitoring the phenology of crops and its spatial distribution in a large agricultural region.     

统计数据总量约束下全局优化阈值的冬小麦分布制图

大范围、长时间和高精度农作物空间分布基础农业科学数据的准确获取对资源、环境、生态、气候变化和国家粮食安全等问题研究具有重要现实意义和科学意义。本文针对传统阈值法农作物识别过程中阈值设置存在灵巧性差和自动化程度低等弱点,以中国粮食主产区黄淮海平原内河北省衡水市景县为典型实验区,首次将全局优化算法应用于阈值模型中阈值优化选取,开展了利用全局优化算法改进基于阈值检测的农作物分布制图方法创新研究。以冬小麦为研究对象,国产高分一号(GF-1)为主要遥感数据源,在作物面积统计数据为总量控制参考标准和全局参数优化的复合型混合演化算法SCE-UA (Shuffled Complex Evolution-University of Arizona)支持下,提出利用时序NDVI数据开展阈值模型阈值参数自动优化的冬小麦空间分布制图方法。最终,获得实验区冬小麦阈值模型最优参数,并利用优化后的阈值参数对冬小麦空间分布进行提取。通过地面验证表明,利用本研究所提方法获取的冬小麦识别结果分类精度均达到较高水平。其中冬小麦识别结果总量精度达到了99.99%,证明本研究所提阈值模型参数优化方法冬小麦提取分类结果总量控制效果良好;同时,与传统的阈值法、最大似然和支持向量机等分类方法相比,本研究所提阈值模型参数优化法区域冬小麦作物分类总体精度和Kappa系数分别都有所提高,其中,总体精度分别提高4.55%、2.43%和0.15%,Kappa系数分别提高0.12、0.06和0.01,这体现出SCE-UA全局优化算法对提高阈值模型冬小麦空间分布识别精度具有一定优势。以上研究结果证明了利用本研究所提基于作物面积统计数据总量控制以及SCE-UA全局优化算法支持下阈值模型参数优化作物分布制图方法的有效性和可行性,可获得高精度冬小麦作物空间分布制图结果,这对提高中国冬小麦空间分布制图精度和自动化水平具有一定意义,也可为农作物面积农业统计数据降尺度恢复重建和大范围区域作物空间分布制图研究提供一定技术参考。     

Monitoring winter wheat growth in North China by combining a crop model and remote sensing data

Both of crop growth simulation models and remote sensing method have a high potential in crop growth monitoring and yield prediction. However, crop models have limitations in regional application and remote sensing in describing the growth process. Therefore, many researchers try to combine those two approaches for estimating the regional crop yields. In this paper, the WOFOST model was adjusted and regionalized for winter wheat in North China and coupled through the LAI to the SAIL–PROSPECT model in order to simulate soil adjusted vegetation index (SAVI). Using the optimization software (FSEOPT), the crop model was then re-initialized by minimizing the differences between simulated and synthesized SAVI from remote sensing data to monitor winter wheat growth at the potential production level. Initial conditions, which strongly impact phenological development and growth, and which are hardly known at the regional scale (such as emergence date or biomass at turn-green stage), were chosen to be re-initialized. It was shown that re-initializing emergence date by using remote sensing data brought simulated anthesis and maturity date closer to measured values than without remote sensing data. Also the re-initialization of regional biomass weight at turn-green stage led that the spatial distribution of simulated weight of storage organ was more consistent to official yields. This approach has some potential to aid in scaling local simulation of crop phenological development and growth to the regional scale but requires further validation.     

利用AMSR-E数据反演华北平原冬小麦单散射反照率

首先,基于冬小麦不同生育期的地面实测参数,构建了组成冬小麦冠层的、包括不同尺寸和含水量的介电散射体模拟数据库,并在此基础上建立冬小麦单散射反照率和光学厚度分别在C(6.925 GHz)和X(10.65 GHz)波段之间的依赖关系。然后,根据一阶参数化模型推导得到的微波植被指数MVIs(Microwave Vegetation Indices)的物理表达式,结合AMSR-E被动微波亮温数据,反演了华北平原地区冬小麦不同生育期的单散射反照率。与MODIS日归一化差异植被指数NDVI的对比结果显示:冬小麦单散射反照率与NDVI随时间的变化趋势大致相同,但在冬小麦的抽穗期到乳熟期,NDVI呈现饱和趋势,而单散射反照率对小麦的生长变化仍旧比较敏感,在指示冬小麦生长方面具有一定优势。     

Regional yield estimation for winter wheat with MODIS-NDVI data in Shandong, China

The significance of crop yield estimation is well known in agricultural management and policy development at regional and national levels. The primary objective of this study was to test the suitability of the method, depending on predicted crop production, to estimate crop yield with a MODIS-NDVI-based model on a regional scale. In this paper, MODIS-NDVI data, with a 250 m resolution, was used to estimate the winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) yield in one of the main winter-wheat-growing regions. Our study region is located in Jining, Shandong Province. In order to improve the quality of remote sensing data and the accuracy of yield prediction, especially to eliminate the cloud-contaminated data and abnormal data in the MODIS-NDVI series, the Savitzky–Golay filter was applied to smooth the 10-day NDVI data. The spatial accumulation of NDVI at the county level was used to test its relationship with winter wheat production in the study area. A linear regressive relationship between the spatial accumulation of NDVI and the production of winter wheat was established using a stepwise regression method. The average yield was derived from predicted production divided by the growing acreage of winter wheat on a county level. Finally, the results were validated by the ground survey data, and the errors were compared with the errors of agro-climate models. The results showed that the relative errors of the predicted yield using MODIS-NDVI are between −4.62% and 5.40% and that whole RMSE was 214.16 kg ha⁻¹ lower than the RMSE (233.35 kg ha⁻¹) of agro-climate models in this study region. A good predicted yield data of winter wheat could be got about 40 days ahead of harvest time, i.e. at the booting-heading stage of winter wheat. The method suggested in this paper was good for predicting regional winter wheat production and yield estimation.     

Concurrent use of active and passive microwave remote sensing data for monitoring of rice crop

Estimation of crop area, growth and phenological information is very important for monitoring of agricultural crops. However, judicious combination of spatial and temporal data from different spectral regions is necessary to meet the requirement. This study highlights the use of active microwave QuikSCAT Ku-band scatterometer and Special Sensor Microwave/Imager (SSM/I) passive microwave radiometer data to derive information on important phenological phases of rice crop. The wetness index, a weekly composite product derived using brightness temperatures from 19, 37 and 85 GHz channels of SSM/I, was used to identify the puddling period. Ku-band scatterometer data provided the signal of transplanted rice seedlings since they acts as scatterers and increases the backscattering. Dual peak nature of temporal backscatter curve around the heading stage of rice crop was observed in Ku-band. The decrease of backscatter after first peak was associated with the threshold value of 60% crop canopy cover. The symmetric (Gaussian) and asymmetric (lognormal) curve fits were attempted to derive the date of initiation of the heading phase. The temporal signature from each of these sensors was found to complement each other in crop growth monitoring. Image showing pixel-wise timings of heading stage revealed the differences exists in various parts of the study area.     

Identification and mapping of winter wheat by integrating temporal change information and Kullback–Leibler divergence

Crop acreage and its spatial distribution are a base for agriculture related works. Current research combining medium and low spatial resolution images focuses on data fusion and unmixing methods. The purpose of the former is to generate synthetic fine spatial resolution data instead of directly solving the problem. In the latter, high-resolution data is only used to provide endmembers and the result is usually an abundance map rather than the true spatial distribution data. To solve this problem, this paper designs a conceptual model which divides the study area into different types of pixels at a MODIS 250 m scale. Only three types of pixels contain winter wheat, i.e., pure winter wheat pixels (P_A), the mixed pixels comprising winter wheat and other vegetation (M_A) and the mixed pixels comprising winter wheat and other crops (M_B). Different strategies are used in processing them. (1) Within the pure cultivated land pixels, the Kullback–Leibler (KL) divergence is employed to analyze the similarity between unknown pixels and the pure winter wheat samples on the temporal change characteristics of NDVI. Further P_A is identified. (2) For M_A, a proposed reverse unmixing method is firstly used to extract the temporal change information of cultivated land components, after which winter wheat is identified from the cultivated land components as previously described. (3) For M_B which only appears on the border of P_A, a mask is created by expanding the P_A and temporal difference is utilized to identify winter wheat under the mask. Finally, these three results are integrated at a TM scale with the aid of 25 m resolution land use data. We applied the proposed solution and obtained a good result in the main agricultural area of the Yiluo River Basin. The identified winter wheat planting acreage is 161,050.00 hm². The result is validated based on the five-hundred random validation points. Overall accuracy is 94.80% and Kappa coefficient is 0.85. This demonstrates that the temporal information reflecting crop growth is also an important indicator, and the KL divergence makes it more convenient in identifying winter wheat. This research provided a new perspective for the combination of low and medium spatial resolution remote sensing images. The proposed solution can also be effectively applied in other places and countries for the crop which has a clear temporal change characteristic that is different from others.     

水稻本田期冠层叶色变化节奏的光谱监测

以Ｅｘｏｔｅｃｈ１００ＢＸ光谱辐射计对不同类型水稻材料无肥处理本田期的监测结果表明，晚熟类型材料武育粳２号，冠层叶色显示出“三黑三黄”的变化节奏。“三黑”出现的时间是：移栽至分蘖末期，枝梗分化期至颖花分化期，花粉母细胞形成及减数分裂期至始穗期；“三黄”出现的时间是：分蘖末期至枝梗分化期，颖花分化期至花粉母细胞形成及减数分裂期，始穗至灌浆期。中熟类型材料汕优６３，冠层叶色显示出“二黑二黄”的变化节奏。“二黑”出现的时间是：移栽至颖花分化期，花粉母细胞形成及减数分裂期至始穗期：“二黄”出现的时间是：颖花分化期至花粉母细胞形成及减数分裂期，始穗至灌浆期。早熟类型材料亚优２号，冠层叶色显示出“一黑一黄”的变化节奏。“一黑”出现的时间是：移栽至颖花分化期；“一黄”出现的时间是：颖花分化期至灌浆期。     

FY-3250m分辨率数据的华北平原冬小麦提取

冬小麦是中国最主要的粮食作物之一,利用遥感技术提取冬小麦种植区是遥感应用研究的一个重要方向。2008年以来发射的系列风云三号(FY-3)卫星均携带着中分辨率光谱成像仪(MERSI),该传感器有5个250 m分辨率的波段,波段范围包括可见光、近红外和热红外,观测数据包含丰富的地表信息,为大范围冬小麦种植区提取提供了新的数据源。首先,选取生长季前期多幅高质量的MERSI数据,采用分层提取的方法,对于不同的层次选用与待提取类别最为敏感的特征波段来构建相应的决策树,从而将每一幅影像中冬小麦种植区提取出来,然后,将多幅数据融合为一幅生长季内的冬小麦种植区图。最后,使用野外实地调查的数据进行精度验证,面积提取精度为90.8%。结果表明,在春季返青后,即可做出当季冬小麦种植分布图,为农情监测提供及时的信息支撑。