水库地震的综合概率增益预测法研究

在水库地震预测中首次引进了地震概率增益综合预测模型,叙述了该方法的基本原理;探讨了影响水库地震最大震级发生的因素;结合中国水库及其水库地震震例资料,对水库地震综合影响因素E值、库容、库水深度因素或指标预测水库地震最大震级的效能R值和经验概率增益K值进行了统计和评价,表明概率增益综合预测能够对各种预测方法预测水库地震的效果进行定量分析。在此基础上,选择国内外若干水库进行了水库地震最大震级回溯性检验,表明该方法作为一种新的水库地震最大震级预测方法是可行的     

水库诱发地震的最大震级及其发震时间的预测研究

用信息量法和灰色模型法研究了水库诱发地震的最大震级和发震时间．信息量法是对水库地震震例的地震地质因素和标志进行统计，计算它们对诱发地震震级提供的信息量，据信息量的大小判断诱发地震的可能最大震级；灰色模型法是研究水库诱发地震前震的频次随时间的变化，以变化率最大的时间作为最大地震发生的时间．用新丰江和柯依纳水库地震震例资料对信息量法和灰色模型法进行了检验．结果表明，两种模型方法有一定的可行性．      

应用灰色聚类法预测长江三峡工程水库诱发地震的最大震级

根据世界上３０８座水库资料，用灰色聚类法研究了长江三峡工程水主加诱发地震的最大震级。结果表明，在坝址花岗体内诱发地震的震级不会高于４．０级，在庙河一香溪段，香溪－巴东主加段诱发地震的最大震级不会高于５．０级。     

湖南东江水库地震的预测研究

1986年8月2日湖南东江水库截流蓄水,10个月后发生水库诱发地震。蓄水初期,地震活动频度与库水位有较明显的相关关系,但1993年至今,地震活动的频度与库水位之间的这种相关性已逐步消失。诱发地震空间分布有一定的规律性,受水体、构造、岩性的控制。依据地震构造背景、水库规模、水库蓄水后诱发最大震级的最大概率时间等预测东江水库诱发地震最大震级不会大于4．99级．1991年发生的3．2级地震应为最大震级的概率是80％。今后仍可能发生3级左右地震。     

水库地震主震发生时间的预测

水利工程对水库地震的抗震设防要求事先对水为地震进行预测。预测内容包括蓄水后诱发地震的危险性（可能性、）最大震级、最大震的地占紧及不库地震对场址地震动参数的影响。除主震时间的预测外，本文第一作者都曾提出过初步的预测方法。本文认为，水库地震前震波速比异常、非线性灰色模型以及前震系列回归等方法，是预测主震时间的有前途的方法。     

丹江口水库及邻区地震震源参数研究

在讨论震源参数和Ｍ震级关系以及论述利用地方震尾波估算地震矩方法的基础上，尝试性地系统估算了丹江口水库及邻区内４３次ＭＬ≥２．５级地震的震源参数，并讨论了丹江口水库地震的特征。丹江口水库及邻区地震震源参数的初步分析表明：丹江口及邻区属低应力降地区。水库蓄水的附加引张应力效应可能使得丹江口水库中局部以引张应变为主的地区应变迅速增加，地震应力降高于该区一般地震原有水平、从而诱发地震。此外，丹江口水库地震的破裂长度可能和震源机制的破裂类型有关。     

对“论水库要素与水库地震的关系”的讨论

光耀华同志的论文“论水库要素与水库地震的关系”(以下简称“光文”),对笔者提出的水库综合影响参数E与水库地震最大震级M的关系,用几种经验回归方程和灰色系统的关联度进行了分析。证明E与M的关系比其它表示水库要素的参数(最大库深Hmax、相应     

按新的水库诱发地震分类探讨长江三峡水库诱发地震的可能性

提出了一种新的水库诱发地震分类方法，将水库地震分为断裂活动型、崩滑塌陷型、膨胀破裂型和岩溶气爆型四大类共十个亚类。指出评价水库诱发地震的危险性实际上主要是评估诱发断裂活动型水库强震的可能性。在分析了长江三峡水库区水库诱发强震的地质条件之后，按照上述观点着重分析了水库诱发断裂活动型强震的可能性。得出的基本结论是：对整个长江三峡水库区而言，水库诱发地震的最大震级不会超过５．５级；倘若仅就库首区而论，水     

青海共和7.0级地震与龙羊峡水库关系探讨

龙羊峡水库建立于青海省和共盆地内，大坝围堰拦洪期间，于１９８１年１１月２３日在坝址附近发生最大震级Ｍｓ２．３的小震活动当时坝前壅水高度国３９ｍ。１９８６年１１月大坝截流蓄水后约３年半，于１９９０年４月２６日在距库尾约４０ｋｍ处发生Ｍｓ７．０级地震，其后至１９９４年１０月发生Ｍｓ≥５级地震多次，且有震中逐渐靠近水库的趋势，共和７．０级地震引起了地震界是水库地震研究者的广泛关主，我们根据已发表的有关资     

福建水口水库诱发地震最大震级预测

福建水口水库于1993年3月下闸蓄水,同年5月23日发生首次诱发地震,迄今已超过1400次,其中最大地震为1996年4月21日ML4．1地震。水口水库能诱发多大震级的地震一直是人们关心的话题。本文根据国内外已发生水库诱发地震震例资料,结合水口库区的具体情况,应用概率预测法、综合影响参数预测法、两级模糊评判法、古登堡—里克特公式外推预测法、发育断裂长度预测震级法、历史地震最高震级预测法等方法,对水口水库可能诱发的最大震级进行预测研究。综合结果认为：水口水库有可能诱发最大5．0级地震。     

A Monte Carlo study of rainfall forecasting with a stochastic model

A procedure for short-term rainfall forecasting in real-time is developed and a study of the role of sampling on forecast ability is conducted. Ground level rainfall fields are forecasted using a stochastic space-time rainfall model in state-space form. Updating of the rainfall field in real-time is accomplished using a distributed parameter Kalman filter to optimally combine measurement information and forecast model estimates. The influence of sampling density on forecast accuracy is evaluated using a series of a simulated rainfall events generated with the same stochastic rainfall model. Sampling was conducted at five different network spatial densities. The results quantify the influence of sampling network density on real-time rainfall field forecasting. Statistical analyses of the rainfall field residuals illustrate improvement in one hour lead time forecasts at higher measurement densities.     

Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration Aims And Scope

正This journal is established by the Institute of Engineering Mechanics(IEM),China Earthquake Administration,to promote scientific exchange between Chinese and foreign scientists and engineers so as to improve the theory and practice of earthquake hazards mitigation,preparedness,and recovery.To accomplish this purpose,the journal aims to attract a balanced number of papers between Chinese and     

Foreword

Destructive earthquakes have caused great damage in China and the United States and collapsing buildings havecaused many deaths and injuries. The field of earthquake engineering studies earthquake hazards, the occurrence ofearthquakes of various magnitudes, the nature of the ground shaking during an earthquake, the vibration of structuresduring earthquakes, the strengthening of existing structures and the design of new structures to be earthquake resistant,and finally, how to cope with earthquake damage and restore a city to normal functioning. Such efforts are in progressin both countries, but unfortunately, the language barrier interferes with the free flow of information between China andthe Untied States. It would be mutually beneficial if some means could be developed to promote the exchangeof information across the Pacific Ocean. This new journal has been established for this purpose and its success willbe an important step in promoting earthquake engineering in China and the United States.     

WORLD ASSOCIATION FOR SEDIMENTATION AND EROSION RESEARCH(WASER)

正President:Giampaolo Di Silvio,Italy Vice Presidents:Ulrich C.E.Zanke,Germany Zhao-yin Wang,China The World Association for Sedimentation and Erosion Research(WASER),inaugurated on Oct.19,2004,is an independent non-governmental,non-profit organization.The mission of WASER is to promote international co-operation on the study     

Enhancing remote sensing research on global change to improve our understanding on Earth system processes

正Global Change includes climate change and other environmental changes caused by the joint interaction among various layers of Earth. From the positive side, global change provides new opportunities to human and other living forms on Earth. In the meantime, it creates tremendous challenges and negative impact. At present, the negative impacts have reached all primary processes of the global ecosystem and every aspect of human society, especially causing degradation of the ecosystem. For instance, intensive deforestation causes decline of biodiversity; global warming causes sea level rise and increases     

SCIENCE CHINA Earth Sciences SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 57(2014)

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