人机交互和全自动层析静校正技术的应用效果对比分析

复杂地表区地表起伏大,表层低速带横向变化大,静校正是此类地区地震资料处理的关键和难点。层析静校正方法利用地震初至波射线的走时和路径反演介质速度结构,因不受地表及近地表结构纵横向变化的约束等优势在地震资料处理领域得到广泛应用。笔者针对人机交互和全自动层析静校正技术做了概要描述,并给出了两种技术的实现过程,结合鄂尔多斯北部工区的实际资料,开展初至拾取、反演模型、静校正量、反射波剩余量、叠加剖面、闭合误差和长波长静校正等应用效果的对比研究,论述两者在静校正应用效果上的优缺点和差异,为地震资料处理选择实用高效的静校正技术提供依据。     

塔西南厚黄土戈壁区地震资料静校正处理技术及应用

静校正技术是复杂地表区地震资料地震成像的核心技术,塔里木盆地塔西南厚黄土戈壁区受低速层速度低、变化大,静校正问题突出,严重影响地震资料品质.在传统层析静校正技术的基础上,这里提出了改进的层析反演静校正处理技术,核心技术包括精确的初至拾取技术、分偏移距从浅到深逐步迭代的回转波层析反演技术、等速面静校正计算技术.通过这些技...     

无射线追踪层析静校正技术及其应用研究

静校正技术在近地表条件复杂地区的地震资料处理中具有重要意义,其校正的准确性直接影响后续的处理和解释工作。在众多静校正方法中,无射线追踪层析静校正法兼具稳定性和灵活性的优点。这里对无射线追踪层析静校正的原理和主要参数进行了分析;而后将其应用于鄂尔多斯盆地某工区黄土塬地区地震资料的处理,把处理效果与其他几种不同静校正方法进行了对比。结果表明,该方法可使单炮记录和叠加剖面的质量得到较大改善,地震记录同相轴的连续性得到增强。     

复杂地表初至层析地震静校正技术及其应用

复杂地表条件的煤层气地震勘探资料处理对静校正有较高要求。折射静校正具有较好的静校正效果,但对于地表起伏大、纵横向速度变化剧烈的复杂地区则难以取得较好的效果。建立横向速度变化大且基岩裸露的地震模型进行理论试算,分析了层析静校正的特点及适用条件,指出了层析静校正中应该注意的关键问题。实例验证结果表明:层析静校正更适合复杂地表煤层气地震资料的处理。      

分步逐级静校正法在黄土塬地震资料处理中的应用

针对鄂尔多斯盆地南部黄土塬地区地震资料静校正严重的问题,提出一种分步逐级静校正方法。该方法利用网格层析反演静校正方法解决长波长静校正问题;再利用差分法初至波剩余静校正解决部分短波长静校正问题;然后,利用反射波综合全局寻优剩余静校正解决剩余静校正问题。黄土塬实际地震资料应用效果表明,应用文中提出的分步逐级静校正方法获得的地震剖面同相轴连续,一致性好,断点绕射波形态特征明显。使用本方法能够消除黄土塬地区地震资料的静校正问题,获得最佳处理效果。     

初至层析静校正在复杂山地三维地震勘探中的应用

随着地形高差增大、地貌单元多变、近地表模型复杂,目前被广泛应用的初至折射静校正的精度已无法满足精细勘探的要求。初至层析静校正技术,由给定的初始模型进行正演,用射线追踪方法得到初始模型的初至波,利用该初至波和实际拾取的初至波进行比较,计算地表模型的修正量,反复迭代求得准确的地表模型。山西省国阳新能股份有限公司二矿390水平九采扩区地表标高940～1100m,地貌单元复杂,在对该区资料处理时,利用初至层析折射静校正,经9次迭代计算后,真实地刻划出近地表模型。在二种静校正技术对比中,初至折射静校正不但近地表模型精度低于层析折射静校正,而且其叠加剖面精细程度也远低于层析静校正,如在初至折射静校正叠加剖面同相轴上呈现的凹凸形态,在层析静校正叠加剖面并无显示,且后者剖面的信噪比也比前者明显提高。     

兴蒙造山带西南段深地震反射静校正研究

静校正是深地震反射资料处理的关键技术之一,深反射剖面通常跨越多种不同的地质构造单元,地震地质条件复杂且变化较大,单一的静校正方法通常不能很好地解决深反射的静校正问题,针对兴蒙造山带西南段深反射地震数据进行静校正测试,最终选取多种静校正方法组合静校正技术,即针对不同地质条件分别应用折射和层析相结合来解决静校正问题。对于剩余静校正,采用模拟退火法解决,较好地解决了研究区的静校正问题,为资料后续处理提供借鉴。     

塔里木盆地沙漠地区静校正技术方法的应用

在地震勘探中,尤其在复杂地表的地区,静校正问题一直是一个难题。通过全面系统地分析塔里木沙漠地区其静校正产生的原因、原始地震资料的特点及老资料处理存在的问题,对该区严重的静校正问题提出了3种静校正方法,即野外静校正方法、折射波静校正方法以及反射波自动剩余静校正方法联合使用的观点。通过在塔里木地区地震资料的处理应用,取得了一定效果。认为解决复杂地表地区静校正问题是一个综合的过程,它取决于对所在工区静校正问题的分析、有效的折射波初至拾取和静校正量的准确计算及应用。对实际地震资料的处理证明,在处理流程中所采用的静校正联合使用的方法在本工区是切实可行的,并在生产中得到了广泛应用。     

山西黄土塬区静校正方法的研究与应用CSCD

山西黄土塬地区地表地质条件复杂、低降速带不稳、黄土厚度变化较大且高程变化剧烈,导致地震记录信噪比低,静校正问题突出。通过对地震数据静校正处理,总结出了层析静校正和折射波剩余静校正的结合,能够很好地解决区内不同波长的静校正问题。这两种方法的结合,在实际的生产中较好地改善了叠加剖面同相轴的连续性,提高了勘探精度以及整体效果。     

山西黄土塬区静校正方法的研究与应用

山西黄土塬地区地表地质条件复杂、低降速带不稳、黄土厚度变化较大且高程变化剧烈,导致地震记录信噪比低,静校正问题突出.通过对地震数据静校正处理,总结出了层析静校正和折射波剩余静校正的结合,能够很好地解决区内不同波长的静校正问题.这两种方法的结合,在实际的生产中较好地改善了叠加剖面同相轴的连续性,提高了勘探精度以及整体效果.     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

NONMETALS DEPOSITS

正20141520 Bo Ying(Key Laboratory of Metallogeny and Mineral Assessment,MLR,Beijing 100037,China);Liu Chenglin Saline Spring Hydrochemical Characteristics and Indicators for Potassium Exploration in Southwestern and Northern Tarim Basin,Xinjiang(Acta Geoscientica Sinica,ISSN1006-3021,CN11-3474/P,34(5),2013,p.594-602,5 illus.,3 tables,28 refs.)     

MATHEMATICAL GEOLOGY

正20141243Chen Ge(Hangzhou Research Institute of Petroleum Geology,PetroChina,Hangzhou 310023,China);Si Chunsong Study on Sedimentary Numerical Simulation Method of Fan Delta Sand Body(Journal of Geology,     

PROSPECTING EXPLORATION

正20142599Chen Sanming(Guangxi Key Laboratory of Concealed Deposits Exploration,Guilin University of Technology,Guilin541004,China);He Yuzhou Block Model and Reserves Estimation of Panzhihua Iron Deposit Based on 3D Geological Modeling(Journal of Guilin University of Technology,ISSN1674-9057,CN45-1375/N,33(4),2013,p.610-615,9illus.,1table,15refs.)     

STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY

正20140594 Bai Daoyuan(Hunan Institute of Geology Survey,Changsha 410016,China);Zhong Xiang Faults in the Jingzhou Basin and Their Tectonic Settings(Geotectonica et Metallogenia,ISSN1001-1552,CN44-1595/P,37(2),2013,p.173-183,6illus.,59refs.)Key words:basin evolution,tectonic setting,South China In the Upper Paleozoic and Jurassic se-     

STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY

正20141912Cao Hui(State Key Laboratory for Continental Tectonics and Dynamics,Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing 100037,China)Gravitational Collapse and Folding during Orogenesis:A Comparative Study of FIA Trends and Fold Axial Plane Traces(Geology in China,ISSN1000-3657,CN11-1167/P,40(6),2013,p.1818-1828,9illus.,35refs.,with