格栅加筋路堤边坡性能的试验研究及有限元分析

基于2种路堤边坡坡比、2种土工格栅和3种加筋层数的不同组合的室内模型试验,比较分析了不同试验工况条件下加筋边坡在顶部载荷作用下的变形规律。结果表明:加筋能较大幅度地提高边坡的稳定性及承载能力;加筋边坡的沉降和侧向位移随着格栅抗拉强度增大、加筋层数增多和边坡变缓而相应的变小。将试验所得结果与有限元数值模拟计算结果进行了对比分析,有限元模拟结果与试验值吻合较好。     

加筋均质边坡稳定影响因素的敏感性研究

采用正交分析表设计单指标多因素试验,通过荷兰法和瑞典法计算加筋边坡的稳定安全系数。结合20 m高土工格栅加筋边坡算例,分析了各因素对加筋边坡稳定影响的敏感性,按其大小依次为：粘聚力、内摩檫角、地震作用、重度、筋层数、筋材抗拉强度、坡比、筋层间距、地面超载和地下水位。重点讨论了加筋对边坡稳定的影响,并认为在边坡工程中,如果条件许可应优先采用粘聚力高、内摩檫角大的填料,需要加筋时,在总加筋力相等的前提下,铺设多层强度适中的格栅比少量高强度格栅的加筋效果好。     

加筋路基处治不均匀沉降模型试验研究

通过室内小比例模型试验,模拟高速公路过渡段施工中经常采用的土工格栅加筋路基,研究土工格栅加筋结构能否有效控制高速公路过渡段的不均匀沉降。试验共设计了不铺设土工格栅、铺设1层土工格栅在路基上、中、下位置、铺设2层土工格栅在路基上中、中下、上下位置铺设,以及铺设3层土工格栅上中下位置,共8种工况,分析各种土工格栅加筋方案中路基的不均匀沉降和土工格栅的受力特性。试验结果表明,土工格栅加筋路基可明显调节过渡段的不均匀沉降,在路基的中部和上部铺设2层土工格栅的加筋效果最佳。     

HDPE和PET土工格栅加筋路堤作用的对比研究

为了研究高密度聚乙烯（HDPE）和聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯（PET）两种土工格栅在返包式加筋路堤中的加筋效果,基于HDPE和PET的拉伸试验结果,采用FLAC3D有限差分程序并结合现场监测数据对比,分析了加筋路堤中两种土工格栅的受力变形规律。结果表明,土工格栅特性对返包式加筋路堤变形具有明显影响,影响程度与其上部土压力大小密切相关;在加筋土路堤的中下部,土压力较大,HDPE格栅前1/3段和后1/3段的应变存在较大差别,PET格栅的应变沿长度分布相对均匀;随着上部土压力的减小,格栅材料特性的影响减弱,两种格栅的应变曲线趋于接近;PET格栅对加筋路堤水平变形的控制作用更为明显;HDPE格栅加筋路堤的垂直和水平土压力值及其分布与PET加筋路堤差别很小。     

土工格栅加筋路堤有限元分析

通过有限元软件ANSYS对土工格栅加筋路堤进行模拟,阐述了加筋土的加筋作用原理。通过一个工程实例分别对不加筋、仅加砂垫层、加一层土工格栅砂垫层、加两层土工格栅砂垫层四种不同的加筋路堤进行了计算。分析了不同加筋方式下加筋土路基竖向位移、侧向位移、竖向应力、剪应力和筋材拉力的规律。     

基于光纤传感技术的土工格栅变形及受力研究

光纤传感技术具有精度高、灵敏度高的特点,在变形测量方面具有独特优势。但由于缺乏有效的封装保护技术,目前将光纤传感器用于土工合成材料变形监测的应用和研究比较少。文章通过对光纤传感器的封装结构进行设计,较好地解决了光纤传感器与被测物体间的协调变形问题,并延长了光纤传感器的使用寿命。基于此封装结构,通过室内土工格栅加筋边坡模型试验,选取土工格栅的加筋层数及筋材的布设方式作为变量,研究了土工格栅在加筋过程中的变形及受力特性。研究结果表明:在垂直方向上,上层筋材的应变大于下层筋材的应变;在水平方向上,单层变形最大处位于加载点正下方范围内。增加加筋层数,能够使得各层格栅的变形得到分担,同时有效限制坡面的法向位移,尤其是坡面中上部分的法向位移;土工格栅能够显著提高边坡的极限承载力。通过对光纤传感器的研究,表明其能够灵敏监测被测物体的微小变形与受力,实际使用中较为稳定,验证了本文封装结构设计的可行性,弥补了传统测量方法的缺陷。     

双向土工格栅加筋碎石桩单轴压缩试验

对拉伸塑料、焊接聚酯和经编涤纶等3种双向土工格栅加筋碎石桩桩体进行单轴压缩试验,以研究不同双向土工格栅加筋碎石桩桩体的变形和强度特性。研究结果表明:拉伸塑料和经编涤纶格栅加筋碎石桩桩体强度与筋材强度之间呈较好的线性关系,而焊接聚酯格栅加筋碎石桩桩体强度与筋材强度之间的线性关系较差;拉伸塑料格栅加筋碎石桩桩体破坏时其格栅本身拉伸强度能充分发挥,而焊接聚酯格栅和经编涤纶格栅加筋碎石桩桩体,均在这两种格栅远未达到其本身拉伸强度前,因格栅焊接点脱开或横肋从纵肋中抽离而导致破坏,拉伸塑料格栅加筋碎石桩桩体强度要显著高于经编涤纶和焊接聚酯格栅加筋碎石桩桩体强度;在实际工程中可采用双向拉伸塑料格栅来加筋碎石桩桩体,其桩体强度可采用聚丙烯土工编织布加筋碎石桩桩体强度修正公式计算。     

土工格栅在加固高速公路路堤中的应用研究

土工格栅应用到高速公路路基中,对土性参数c,? 值有不同程度的改善作用,在一定程度上解决了特殊土的施工问题。土工格栅蠕变试验表明,在相同荷载作用下,强度大的格栅应变较小;并且荷载变化及温度大小对格栅流变性有显著影响。有限元分析是研究加筋作用效果的一种有效方法,它可定性比较多种加筋方案的优劣。利用PLAXIS有限元模拟不同工况下的沉降量,表明土工格栅在限制水平方向位移比限制垂直方向位移更有效。现场荷载试验表明,土工格栅加筋能使路基承载力成倍提高,改善土体应力环境,有效地均衡差异沉降和减少总沉降量。土工格栅对路堤加固有显著作用,值得在实际工程中广泛应用。     

土工格栅加筋堆石坝的数值模拟研究

运用复合材料法模拟土工格栅加筋单元,对格栅加筋堆石坝坝顶堆石进行了数值模拟。计算中,土石料采用非线性弹性模型模拟,并用拟静力法模拟地震动荷载。对无地震和有地震两种情况下的加筋效果及加筋层数和格栅模量对加筋效果的影响进行了分析研究,并对格栅加筋机理加以解释。数值模拟结果表明：格栅加筋有利于增加土石坝坝顶堆石的稳定性和抗震性能,随加筋层数和格栅模量的增加,加筋效果愈加显著。     

土工格栅加筋土地基平板载荷试验研究

在近年来的岩土工程实践中,土工合成材料加筋土技术得到越来越广泛的应用。采用平板载荷板试验方法,进行了多组加筋砂土地基模型试验,监测和分析了不同加筋材料（双向格栅与四向格栅）和加筋层数对土工格栅加筋土地基承载特性的影响。研究结果表明：土工格栅加筋土地基与无筋地基相比,承载性能得到改善,双层加筋明显优于单层加筋;土工格栅加筋限制了浅层地基的侧向变形,相同荷载下地基沉降减小,可恢复变形增大;模型试验中测得加筋材料应变和拉力很小,与土工格栅强度相比,拉伸模量对加筋土地基承载力的贡献更大。     

Application of geogrids in waste dump stability: a numerical modeling approach

Geosynthetic is widely used to reinforce the weak rock mass, mine waste dump, soil slopes road cut slopes, etc. The present paper discusses the effect of geogrids on the stability of mine waste dump. The stability of mine waste dump has been done by Fast Langrage Analysis of Continua (FLAC) slope software, which is based on finite difference method. Reinforcement by geogrids mainly depends on the tensile strength, aperture size of geogrids, and particle size distribution of dump rock mass. Different permutations and combinations of spacing between two geogrid sheets have been taken into consideration to study the stability of mine waste dump. The factor of safety is calculated to quantify the effect of geogrids on waste dump slope. It has been observed from numerical modeling that the maximum slope angle is 45° at a height of 10 m. The scope of increasing slope angle from 45 to 60° is evaluated using geogrids. It has been found from the study that the factor of safety increases as the spacing between geogrids decreases. Maximum strain is also plotted of each case to identify the slip circle. The positions of geogrids modify the probable slip circle or failure plane of mine waste dump. Using ten geogrids at a spacing of 1 m, the slope angle can be increased up to 60° with factor of safety of 1.4.     

Stabilization of rock slopes using geogrid boxes

The effect of using geogrid boxes as a new approach for reinforcement of rock slopes (with a case study at rock slope perched along km 11?+?060 of Mianeh–Ardabil railway track) was investigated. The limit equilibrium (LE) and finite element (FE) analysis were conducted to predict the response of the slope to a broad range of possible conditions, namely dry, half saturated, and saturated states as well as static and quasi-static conditions. The objective is to contribute towards the establishment of best practice in the design and construction of engineered slopes. Various design considerations were developed to investigate the effect of varying height and width of geogrid boxes on the factor of safety. The LE and FE based methods were compared based on the factor of safety. The results demonstrated that considering the design consideration, installing geogrids yields increasing the stability of rock slope.     

Centrifuge modeling of the geogrid-reinforced slope subjected to differential settlement

A series of centrifuge model tests of geogrid-reinforced slopes with superstructure was conducted under differential settlement condition. The influence of reinforcement placement on the deformation and failure behavior of the slope and superstructure is investigated by considering different numbers of geogrid layers. The response of the slope and superstructure is analyzed based on a full-field displacement measurement via image analysis. The differential settlement induces distinguishable superstructure movement and slope deformation above the subsidence zone. The slope displacement, close to the vertical direction, appears only in a limited zone. An integrated analysis scheme of deformation and failure processes is adopted to reveal the failure mechanism of both the unreinforced and reinforced slopes: a certain level of deformation localization induced by differential settlement results in the local failure, and adversely, the local failure aggravates the deformation localization near it. The geogrid reinforcement mechanism is further clarified as the reduction on the deformation localization of the slope due to geogrid placement. The geogrid reinforcement effect can be comprehensively described with two respects: hooping effect and shielding effect, which illustrates the influence sphere and degree of geogrid reinforcement on restraining the slope deformation. The geogrid reinforcement is proven effective to improve the safety of the slope and superstructure.

     

置换法在抑制土工格栅冻胀破坏中的应用

在季节性冻土地区,由于冻拔作用常使加筋土坡中土工格栅浮出地面,导致加筋作用失效,但国内关于其破坏防治的试验研究较少。通过室外冻胀试验,研究利用非冻胀性材料置换的方法对抑制土工格栅冻拔破坏的效果。对比火山灰置换与未置换的两块土工格栅的冻胀数据结果表明,置换侧的土工格栅的最终残余冻胀量较未置换侧的低50%。因此,置换方法对于抑制土工格栅的冻胀破坏效果明显,具有较强的工程实用价值     

结构面对岩质边坡地震动影响的数值模拟研究

[摘 要] 本文采用数值模拟的方法,利用UDEC 软件,开展了结构面对岩质边坡地震动影响的数值 模拟研究,研究内容涉及结构面产状和位置变化对岩体边坡地震动放大系数空间展布的影响。根据岩 体边坡中结构面发育的一般规律,本文模型工况主要考虑与坡面相交的贯穿性结构面,模拟的主要物理 对象是层面、贯穿性长大软弱结构面等。数值模拟结果表明:结构面越靠近坡顶,边坡上部的地震动响 应越强烈;顺倾结构面会使坡肩部形成更强烈的地震动响应;边坡越陡,坡顶和坡肩部的地震动响应越 强烈。上述规律对于岩质边坡地震稳定性分析具有指导意义。