Lead Isotopic Composition and Lead Source in the Bainiuchang Ag-polymetallic Deposit, Yunnan Province, China

The Bainiuchang deposit in Yunnan Province, China, is located geographically between the Gejiu ore field and the Dulong ore field. In addition to the 〉7000 t Ag reserves, the deposit also boasts of large-scale Pb, Zn and Sn reserves with a lot of dispersed elements （In, Cd, Ge, Ga, etc.）. We have determined systematically the Pb isotope composition of the deposit. The Pb isotope ratios of the ores that are of sea-floor exhalative sedimentary origin in the northwest of the mining district, are 206pb/204pb = 17.758-18.537, 207pb/204pb = 15.175-15.862 and 206pb/204pb = 37.289-39.424, while those of ores that are of magmatic hydrothermal superimposition origin in the southeast of the mining district, are 206pb/204pb = 17.264-18.359, 207pb/204pb = 14.843-15.683 and 208pb/204pb = 36.481-38.838, respectively. In terms of the Pb isotope composition of feldspar in magmatic rocks or magmatic whole- rock samples from the mining district, we have determined the Pb isotope composition and acquired the Pb isotope ratios as： 206pb/204pb -- 18.224-18.700, 207pb/204pb -- 15.595-15.797 and 208pb/204pb -- 38.193-39.608. Then, in the light of the Pb isotope composition of metamorphic rock samples from the Proterozoic basement exposed in the Dulong ore field, we have determined the Pb isotope composition and obtained the isotope ratios as： 206pb/204pb -- 18.434-19.119, 207pb/204pb -- 15.644-15.693, and 208pb/204pb = 38.514-38.832. And the Pb isotope ratios of Cambrian sedimentary rocks, which are exposed in the Bainiuchang mining district, are 206pb/204pb = 18.307-19.206, 207pb/204pb = 15.622-15.809, and 208pb/204pb = 38.436-39.932. By comparing the two types of ores with respect to their Pb isotope compositions, it is indicated that lead in the Bainiuchang deposit was derived largely from the lower-crust granulite which is earlier than Neoproterozoic in age, but the Yanshanian magmatic hydrothermal fluids probably provided a part of ore-forming elements such as Sn for the ore blocks in the south of the mining district.     

云南白牛厂银多金属矿床喷流沉积成因证据:容矿岩石的地球化学约束

滇东南是否存在广泛的热水沉积活动已成为制约滇东南三大多金属矿床(个旧、都龙、白牛厂)成因研究的主要因素之一。系统研究了白牛厂银多金属矿床容矿岩石的地球化学特征,研究表明:矿床容矿岩石主量元素数据均投影于火山及海底热卤水成因区域内;稀土元素明显分为两组,稀土元素总量较高的样品可能与较多的正常沉积物的加入有关;稀土元素总量较低的样品具有与加拿大沙利文矿山的条带状富电气石热液沉积岩和加拿大Agnico-Eugle矿山的铁建造中的条带状燧石岩相似的稀土元素配分模式与标准化参数;同时,微量元素对的演化趋势与现代大洋热水沉积物相似,而且As、Sb和Ag含量与大厂和个旧热水沉积硅质岩相当。推测白牛厂银多金属矿床属热水沉积成矿,只是在距花岗岩体较近的部位遭受了部分叠加改造。     

滇东南白牛厂多金属矿床铅同位素组成及铅来源新认识

白牛厂矿床位于滇东南锡多金属成矿带中部,是一个Ag、Pb、Zn、Sn等共生的多金属矿床,但成因争议较大.前人引用早期矿床矿石矿物铅同位素数据得出矿石铅主要来源于基底岩石淋滤,矿床经历了热水沉积+岩浆热液叠加两个成矿阶段的结论.本文采用最新铅同位素数据系统研究了白牛厂矿床的铅同位素组成,其中,白牛厂矿床矿石矿物的铅同位素组成206Pb/204Pb、207Pb/204Pb和208Pb/204Pb分别为17.264～18.537、14.843～15.862和38.481～39.424;薄竹山花岗岩长石铅同位素组成206Pb/204Pb、207Pb/204Pb和208Pb/204Pb分别为18.301～18.387、15.611～15.670和38.677～38.904;薄竹山岩体接触带型矿床(点)矿石矿物铅同位素组成206Pb/204Pb、207Pb/204Pb和208Pb/204Pb分别为18.302～18.417、15.603～15.692和38.596～38.868;区域地层及矿区地层钻孔样品铅同位素组成206Pb/204Pb、207Pb/204Pb和208Pb/204Pb分别为18.307～19.206、15.622～15.809和38.436～39.932.对比四者铅同位素组成特征,白牛厂矿床矿石矿物、薄竹山花岗岩长石、薄竹山岩体接触带型矿床(点)矿石矿物具有一致的铅同位素组成,与地层铅同位素组成相差甚远,表明白牛厂矿床铅主要来自岩浆作用,在侵入的过程中可能受到了地层的轻度混染.矿床地质特征及近期地球化学和年代学研究成果表明,白牛厂矿床的形成主要受岩浆作用影响,沉积成矿作用在白牛厂矿床很可能是不存在的.     

Sulfur isotopic composition of the Bainiuchang super-large Ag polymetallic deposit, Yunnan Province, China： Implications for the source of sulfur in ore-forming fluids

The Bainiuchang deposit in Yunnan Province, China, is located geographically between the Gejiu ore field and the Dulong ore field. In addition to >7000 t Ag reserves, the deposit possesses large-scale Pb, Zn, Sn reserves and a mass of dispersed elements (i.e., In, Cd, Ge, Ga, etc.). Based on systematic studies of sulfur isotopic composition, the authors conclude: The Bainiuchang deposit experienced two epochs of metallogenesis, i.e., the Middle-Cambrian sea-floor exhalative sedimentary metallogenic epoch and the Yanshanian magmatic hydrothermal superimposition metallogenic epoch. In the two metallogenic epochs, the δ³⁴S values of sulfides were all near 0, showing a tendency of being enriched slightly in heavy sulfur. The δ³⁴S values of sulfides in the early metallogenic epoch are within the range of 2‰–5‰ with a peak value range of 2‰–3‰ and an average of 3.0‰, and those of sulfides in the late metallogenic epoch are within the range of 2‰–6‰ with a peak value of 3‰–4‰ and an average of 3.9‰. For the single metallogenic epoch, sulfur in the ore-forming fluids in the early epoch already reached isotopic equilibrium and was derived mainly from underneath the magma chamber or basement metamorphic igneous rocks. Sulfur in the sulfides in the late epoch was derived mainly from magmatic hydrothermal fluids formed in the process of remelting of the basement metamorphic igneous rocks.     

滇中播卡铜矿床硫、铅同位素组成及其地质意义

滇中播卡铜矿床是著名"东川式"铜矿床的典型代表,但对其成矿物质来源和矿床成因认识存在争议。对矿区典型铜矿发育的金属硫化物进行硫和铅同位素组成分析,探讨其成矿物质来源。硫同位素测试结果表明,人占石铜矿金属硫化物的δ³⁴S值为1.6‰～10.7‰,指示硫以岩浆(火山喷发)作用为主要来源,并受到沉积作用影响。铅同位素测试结果则表明人占石铜矿、天生塘铜矿、竹箐凹子铜矿和白石岩铜矿中的铅主要来源于壳幔混合物质。综合前人研究和本次硫、铅同位素分析结果,认为播卡铜矿床成矿物质主要来自地幔,且受到地壳物质的混染。     

Lead Isotopic Composition and Lead Source of the Huogeqi Cu-Pb-Zn Deposit, Inner Mongolia, China

The Huogeqi orefield located on the northern side of Mt. Langshan, Inner Mongolia occurs in the Middle Proterozoic Langshan Group metamorphic rocks, and the orebodies arc stratiform. In the past twenty years, many Chinese geologists have conducted researches on the Huogeqi Cu-Pb-Zn deposit, but there has been still a controversy on its origin. Some advocate that the deposit is of sedimentary-metamorphic rcworking origin, some hold that it is of sea-floor SEDEX origin, and others have a preference for magmatic superimposition origin. The crux of the controversy is that there is no common understanding about the source of ore-forming materials. In this paper, the Pb isotopic compositions of regional Achaean-Early Proterozoic basement rocks, various types of sedimentary- metamorphic rocks and volcanic rocks in the mining district, Late Proterozoic and Hercynian magmatic rocks arc introduced and compared with the orc-lead composition, so as to constrain the source of the ore lead. The result indicates that （1） sulfides in the ores have homogeneous Pb isotopic compositions, showing a narrow variation range. Their ^206pb/^204pb ratios arc within a range of 17.027- 17.317; ^207Pb/^204pb ratios, 15.451-15.786 and ^208Pb/^204pb ratios, 36.747-37.669; （2） the Pb isotopic compositions of the regional Achaean-Early Proterozoic basement rocks arc characteristic of the old Pb isotopic composition at the early-stage evolution of the Earth, which varies over a wider range, reflecting significant differences in Pb isotopic compositions of the ores. All this indicates that the source of ore lead has no bearing on the basement rocks; （3） the sedimentary-metamorphic rocks in the mining district arc characterized by highly variable and more radiogenic Pb isotopic compositions and their Pb isotopic ratios arc obviously higher than those of ores, demonstrating that ore lead did not result from metamorphic rcworking of these rocks; （4） Pb isotopic compositions of Late Proterozoic diorite-gabbro and Hercynian granite are higher than those of ores. Meanwhile, the Pb isotopic compositions of sulfides in the small-sized strata-penetrating mineralized veinlets formed at later stages arc completely consistent with that of sulfides in stratiform-banded ores, suggesting that these veiniets arc the product of autochthonous rcworking of the stratiform-banded ores during the period of metamorphism and the late magmatic superimposition-mineralization can be excluded; （5） amphibolite, whose protolith is basic volcanic rocks, has the same Pb isotopic compositions as ores, implying that ore lead was derived probably from basic volcanism. So, the source of ore-forming materials for the Huogeqi deposit is like that of the volcanic massive sulfide （VMS） deposits. However, the orebodies do not occur directly within the volcanic rocks, and instead they overlie the volcanic rocks, showing some differences from those typical VMS-type deposits.     

云南白牛厂银多金属矿床成因

对云南白牛厂超大型银多金属矿床的地质、地球化学特征及矿床形成的长期性及多阶段性的研究认为:白牛厂银多金属矿床是热水沉积—叠生成因矿床,早期呈现寒武纪的热水同生沉积成矿作用,晚期为燕山期花岗岩浆热液成矿作用。该矿床是热水沉积成矿作用与岩浆热液成矿作用叠加成矿的产物。     

Isotopic dating of the Chengjiang Fauna-bearing horizon in Central Yunnan Province, China

Twenty black shale samples, which are free from the influence of weathering, were collected from the Chengjiang Fauna-bearing horizon, central Yunnan Province, yielding a Pb-Pb isochron age of 534±60 Ma. Although this age is younger than both the Rb-Sr isochron age and 40Ar-39Ar age, it should represent the lower isotopic age limit of the Chengjiang Fauna.     

大厂矿田铜坑-长坡锡石硫化物矿床铅 同位素特征及其地质意义

[摘 要] 铜坑 - 长坡锡石硫化物矿床是大厂矿田中规模最大、最具有代表性的矿床,本文通过该矿床大量铅同位素资料的系统分析,运用全方位对比法和△β- △ч示踪法对矿床成矿物质来源进行了研究,不管是层状矿体、细脉带矿体还是大脉带矿体,其成矿物质主体具有统一来源,主要来自岩浆岩、泥盆系及基底物质,但也有少量的幔源物质参与。铜坑-长坡矿床的形成可能经历了两个阶段,即:早期的基性岩脉阶段和晚期的燕山期岩体阶段。     

云南元阳大坪金矿铅同位素化探评价

通过对云南元阳大坪金矿某切穿矿脉剖面、不同海拔高程矿脉的矿石和围岩的铅同位素组成分析，采用铅同位素系统剖面化探方法对大坪金矿进行了化探评价和隐伏矿的预测分析，指出大坪金矿已进入主矿体的中心部位，深部隐伏矿潜力不大，找矿战略应以扩大横向为主。金矿化与闪长岩铅同位素组成的一致性，表明金矿化受闪长岩的控制。     

湖南祁东清水塘铅锌矿床成矿物质来源同位素示踪

清水塘铅锌矿床位于湖南省祁东县北东部,是一个中型矿床。在详细的野外地质调查基础上,本文通过矿石硫、铅同位素,含矿石英氢、氧同位素和含矿方解石碳、氧同位素等综合研究,探讨清水塘铅锌矿床成矿物质来源和成因。硫同位素研究结果表明,清水塘铅锌矿床中黄铁矿、方铅矿和闪锌矿的硫同位素δ~(34)S介于-7.41‰~2.91‰之间,重晶石的硫同位素δ~(34)S介于11.49‰~12.34‰之间,表明矿石中的硫主要来源于深源岩浆,并受到上部地壳物质的混染。黄铁矿、方铅矿和闪锌矿的Pb同位素~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb介于17.810~18.710之间,~(207)Pb/~(204)Pb介于15.497~15.726之间,~(208)Pb/~(204)Pb介于37.858~38.834之间;其中闪锌矿变化范围略偏大,表明矿石中的铅主要来源于地壳,可能混有少量地幔物质。含矿石英的氢、氧同位素δD_(SMOW)介于-87.4‰~-79.3‰之间,δ~(18)O_(H_2O)介于-8.10‰~0.63‰之间,表明成矿流体以岩浆水为主,晚期有大气降水的混入。含矿方解石的碳、氧同位素δ~(13)C_(VPDB)介于-5.3‰~-4.6‰之间,δ~(18)O_(SMOW)介于12.30‰~13.48‰之间;与地层灰岩的δ~(13)C_(VPDB)(0.9‰~2.6‰),δ~(18)O_(SMOW)(21.86‰~23.39‰)不一致;说明成矿流体中的碳主要来自深源岩浆。以上研究表明,清水塘铅锌矿床的成矿物质主要来自地壳熔融形成的岩浆,混合作用是成矿的主要机制。     

滇东南白牛厂银多金属矿床成矿元素特征

成矿物质来源是研究矿床成因的关键问题之一,而地质体（地层和岩浆岩）成矿元素的含量高低是探讨成矿物质来源的基础.为了研究白牛厂超大型银多金属矿床主要成矿元素特征,本文系统测定了外围赋矿地层以及矿区花岗岩和花岗斑岩的成矿元素（Ag、Pb、Zn、Sn）含量,结果表明,Pb、Zn主要来源于矿区花岗岩,寒武系及下伏基底地层可能也提供了部分成矿物质,特别是Zn;由于矿区外围赋矿地层的Sn含量远低于Pb、Zn的含量,也远远低于地壳克拉克值,因此推测,Sn主要来源于花岗岩浆;Ag则主要来源于赋矿地层,花岗岩对其进行了后期的改造作用.     

云南景谷宋家坡铜矿床成岩成矿的Sm-Nd和^40Ar-^39Ar同位素年龄

云南景谷宋家坡铜矿床产于英安斑岩体及其围岩中三叠统火山岩地层中，矿床蚀变发育，原生矿化相对较弱，次生硫化物富集。本文报道了对该矿床的蚀变和矿化英安斑岩进行的Sm-Nd法和^40Ar-^39Ar快中子活化法同位素地质年龄测定结果。同位素年代学研究表明，Sm-Nd法和^40Ar-^39Ar快中子活化法给出了英安斑岩和原生铜矿床的形成年龄，时代为印支期中三叠世；而且^40Ar-^39Ar快中子活化法给出的年代学信息较多，其高温阶段坪年龄大致与特提斯洋闭合时间一致，而较低温阶段的表面年龄反映了燕山期甚至喜马拉雅期构造运动对成矿的改造。总之，宋家坡铜矿床的赋矿英安斑岩及区域中三叠世火山岩的成岩作用相对于特提斯洋的闭合及陆块碰撞俯冲在时间上基本同时。成矿与成岩关系密切、时间相近，且成矿经历了多期作用，原生矿化属斑岩型铜矿化，后期受盆地热卤水淋滤富集和表生氧化改造。     

滇西北安乐铅锌矿床流体包裹体研究

安乐铅锌矿床位于三江地区的中甸断凹,是滇西北地区一处重要的铅锌矿。本文通过对该矿床与矿石密切共生的石英中流体包裹体的类型、特征、均一温度、盐度、密度、成矿压力以及流体包裹体中气液相成分的分析,探讨了流体性质、演化及矿床成因。结果表明,该区流体主要属于CO2一H20一NaCl体系,均一温度范围在130～370℃之间,盐度在3．00％～12．75％NaCl之间,由成矿压力推算的成矿深度为1．37～3．77km^2矿床特征及包裹体特征与造山型矿床相似,推测该矿床属于“同造山”构造体制下发育的成矿系统。     

云南兰坪盆地西缘脉状铜多金属矿床硫、铅同位素组成及成矿示踪

云南兰坪盆地西缘脉状铜多金属矿床主要赋存于由砂岩、粉砂岩和页岩组成的碎屑岩建造中.为了查明兰坪盆地西缘脉状铜多金属矿床成矿物质来源,对盆地西缘四个典型脉状铜多金属矿床(科登涧、连城、金满和水泄)的硫、铅同位素的组成进行了分析和对比研究.结果表明,这些矿床的铅同位素组成总体变化较小,且大部分落在盆地沉积地层铅范围内,金满、连城铜矿床可能有部分深源铅的加入.硫同位素特征表明,兰坪盆地西缘脉状铜多金属矿床的硫主要来源于地层硫酸盐的还原作用,其中金满铜矿床和连城铜钼多金属矿床可能有深源硫的混入.各矿床硫同位素不同的特点,除反映各矿床源区硫同位素组成的差异外,可能还与各矿床成矿时不同的物理化学条件(温度、氧逸度、pH 值和离子强度等)差异有关     

粤北仙石铀矿床的铅、碳、硫同位素研究

仙石铀矿床位于粤北贵东复式花岗岩体东部,矿体赋存于NWW向辉绿岩与NEE向硅化带交接部位。矿床中黄铁矿以富集放射成因铀铅为特征,3组比值分别为(^208Pb／^304Pb)．=18．756—23．883,(^207Pb／^304Pb)1=15．676～15．932,(^208Pb／^204Pb),=38．530—38．938,主要位于基底变质岩铅范围内;矿床中方解石δ^18C值为-8．5‰～-3．1‰,相似于地幔值((-5±2)‰);黄铁矿δ^18C值为-10．1‰～-8．3‰,它与花岗岩中黄铁矿δ^18C值(-10．9‰--7．1‰)相似,而与辉绿岩中黄铁矿δ^18C值(-0．03‰～2．1‰)区别明显。上述同位素特征表明仙石铀矿床的成矿物质具多源特征。     

Sulfur, Carbon and Lead Isotope Studies of the Dajing Polymetallic Deposit in Linxi County, Inner Mongolia, China – Implication for Metallogenic Elements from Hypomagmatic Source

Abstract: The Dajing Cu‐polymetallic ore deposit in Linxi county, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China, is economically a valuable Cu–Sn–Ag–Zn–Pb deposit in the southern section of the Da Hinggan metallogenic province. For the analyzed 23 samples of sulfide minerals, including chalcopyrite, pyrite, sphalerite and galena, the δ³⁴S values range from –1.8 to +3.8 % with an average of +0.65 %. The narrow distributions of the δ³⁴S values with +1 % peak value, including the published data, and the δ¹³C values around –5 % indicate that the sulfur and carbon of the hydrothermal fluids are derived from a hypomagmatic source, and exclude the possibility that the hosted strata, i.e., the Upper Permian Linxi Formation, provided certain amounts of sulfur and carbon. The ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb, ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb and ²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb ratios of sulfide ores range respectively within 18.257‐18.368, 15.476‐15.609, and 37.916‐38.355 with the model ages of 122–209 Ma. The black shale, however, contains higher radiogenic lead with the ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb ratios of 18.473‐20.156, differing from the ores. However, the ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb, ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb and ²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb ratios of the ore, basaltic porphyrite and feldspar leads are similar, and lie on the same lines in the diagrams of ²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb vs. ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb and ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb vs. ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb. The fact that these mixing lines are composed of the two end members, the mantle and orogenic belt, strongly supports that all the metallogenic elements were carried by the hypomagma mixing the matters of the mantle and orogenic belt prior to the Mesozoic. Therefore, the Dajing ore deposit is a typical mag–matic–hydrothermal vein type ore deposit associated with subvolcanic rocks.     

西藏浦桑果铜铅锌多金属矿床S、Pb同位素组成及对成矿物质来源的示踪

西藏浦桑果铜铅锌多金属矿床位于南冈底斯成矿带火山岩浆弧内,矿区矽卡岩型铜铅锌矿体主要呈透镜状和似层状近东西向赋存于白垩系塔克那组第四岩性段矽卡岩化大理岩中。基于野外地质调查和成矿地质条件,对矿床主要金属硫化物闪锌矿、方铅矿、黄铜矿等的S、Pb同位素特征进行研究,并结合前人数据,综合探讨矿床的成矿物质来源。结果表明,浦桑果矿床矿石金属硫化物的δ34S值介于-24‰~10‰之间,平均值为-040‰,硫同位素频率直方图具明显的塔式分布特征,指示硫可能与岩浆作用有关,硫同位素具岩浆硫特征,主要与闪长玢岩有关。矿石硫化物中206Pb/204Pb变化于18344~18625之间,平均值为18555; 207Pb/204Pb变化于15549~15794之间,平均值为15716; 208Pb/204Pb变化于3812~3934之间,平均值为39044;矿石铅同位素组成稳定,为正常普通铅。结合铅同位素μ值特征(937～982)及铅同位素构造环境演化图投图结果,综合表明浦桑果矿床的矿石铅主要来源于上地壳物质且伴有地幔物质的混染,铅同位素具壳幔混源的特征。     

滇西地区下地壳铅同位素的组成及其意义

滇西地区新生代碱性侵入岩中广泛分布的麻粒岩包体可以代表该地区的下地壳岩石,为了确定滇西下地壳岩石的铅同位素组成,我们系统采集了该区碱性岩中的麻粒岩包体,挑选出其中的长石、石榴子石等造岩矿物,测定了其铅同位素组成,在Zartman等的铅构造演化模式图上,剔除个别异常的铅同位素组成,圈出投影于下地壳铅同位素演化趋势线上及附近的铅同位素分布范围,由此确定了该区下地壳的铅同位素组成的区域,并进一步结合作者先前确定的该区上地壳及上地幔铅同位素组成,构建了该区三维岩石圈铅同位素组成,并将这一结果用于滇西金顶超大型铅锌矿床的成矿物质来源的研究中,发现颇受争议的金顶铅锌矿床中的铅并非来自上地幔,而相当于下地壳来源的铅与兰坪盆地沉积岩铅二者的混合铅。     

闽中梅仙铅锌多金属矿区S、Pb同位素组成及对成矿物质的示踪:以丁家山和峰岩铅锌多金属矿为例

闽中梅仙铅锌多金属矿产于中—新元古代"变质基底天窗"绿片岩系中,目前对其成矿物质来源、矿床成因认识不一。对该矿区的丁家山和峰岩铅锌多金属矿床主成矿期的闪锌矿和方铅矿等金属硫化物进行S、Pb同位素分析,结果表明:丁家山和峰岩矿床的硫、铅同位素组成基本一致,其金属硫化物的δ³⁴S值分别为0.4‰～5.0‰和1.8‰～4.2‰,平均值则分别为2.66‰和2.88‰,表明硫为幔源硫。金属硫化物的铅同位素组成²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb、²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb和²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb值则分别为18.326～18.496和18.378～18.646、15.658～15.817和15.619～15.746、38.724～39.257和38.365～39.009,平均值则分别为18.388和18.447、15.705和15.700、38.880和38.823,表明2矿床铅均为壳幔混合源铅。综合硫、铅同位素分析结果,认为丁家山和峰岩铅锌多金属矿床成矿物质主要...