冰碛物建造型相及天秦运动的讨论

以往对冰碛物的研究，只重视其沉积特征及古地理的恢复。未讨论其建造型相，笔者通过对其沉积特征、产出构造环境的讨论，认为山麓冰碛物是造山期后的产物，属于磨拉石建造，大陆冰碛代表寒冷地区风化壳产物，可作底砾岩看待；冰蚀面可当作沉积间断面或寒冷地区的风化壳，并认为我国新元古代末期罗圈组及其相当层位的冰碛岩属磨拉石建造。由此推断在新元古代末期－早古生代初期存在一期未被认识的、在地史上具划时代意义的构造运动，命名为天秦运动，天秦运动是晋宁运动后的另一期构造运动，是新元古代与古生代的分界运动，时限在天秦运动。天秦运动是晋宁运动后的另一期构造运动，是新元古代与古生代的分界运动，时限在800Ma以后，700－540Ma是主构造期，前期以造山为主，后期以裂解为主，是Rodinia超大陆的裂解、古晋洲洋和古特提斯海形成期，扬子地块和塔里木地块先后从澳大利亚板块中裂解出来。     

鄂西神农运动和花山运动的再研究

根据对沉积建造、地层不整合面和岩浆、变形、变质事件的再研究,提出了中元古代伸展裂陷作用至中元古代末期－新元古代早期碰撞造山作用构成一个完整的威尔逊旋回;中元古界形成于扬子陆块结晶基底的裂陷槽环境,马槽园群和莲沱组分别为挤压型和拉张磨拉石建造;前人命名的神农运动和花山运动,实际上是描述同一造山作用过程的不同阶段,建议合称为“神农运动”,用于代表中元古代末期至产析元古代早期（1000－800Ma）的碰撞造山作用。     

甘肃北山西部新元古代陆块汇聚与裂解事件的岩石记录

甘肃北山西部地处塔里木、柴达木和华北 (阿拉善 )三个前寒武纪地块的交汇部位 ,是受显生宙天山造山带、祁连造山带和阿尔金造山带多次叠加改造的地区。近几年 ,随着新元古代榴辉岩、花岗岩的新发现 ,结合新元古代伟晶岩脉群、辉绿岩墙群和震旦纪未变质沉积盖层 ,初步确定了该地区新元古代陆块汇聚与裂解的地质事件框架。在新元古代早期 ,塔里木地块与柴达木地块可能发生斜向汇聚 ,并以深层次韧性剪切带进行焊接 ,其时间在 913Ma左右。稍后 ,在塔里木地块北部的柳园一带 ,塔里木地块与另一个地块发生碰撞 ,形成了榴辉岩和大面积带状分布的花岗岩 ,其时间在 86 0～ 880Ma左右。之后 ,在经过汇聚的大陆块内部发生裂解 ,形成了两期辉绿岩墙群。随着裂解作用的进一步加强 ,该地区进入到陆相砂砾岩和海相碳酸盐沉积阶段 ,形成了安南坝群沉积建造 ,其时间在 70 0Ma左右。     

东昆仑东段布青山地区上二叠统格曲组物源分析及其构造意义

对东昆仑东段布青山得力斯坦地区出露的上二叠统格曲组砾岩层进行砾石成分、砾度统计及系统的LA-ICP-MS锆石UPb年龄谱分析。结果表明,格曲组砾岩层砾石成分以石英岩和花岗岩为主,硅质岩和基性岩次之,砂岩和灰岩较少,砾石的分散系数为1.54~2.02,该套砾岩为近源快速堆积的产物。砾岩碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄可分为3组:1早奥陶世—晚志留世年龄组为499~409Ma,峰值年龄为426Ma,对应早古生代末期原特提斯洋向北俯冲碰撞产生的一系列构造岩浆事件;2新元古代年龄组为744~619Ma,峰值年龄为744Ma,对应于全球Rodinia超大陆裂解事件;3古元古代年龄组为2443Ma,对应东昆仑地区古元古代构造岩浆热事件。结合碎屑锆石年龄及沉积学特征综合分析,花岗质砾石来源于北侧东昆仑造山带加里东期岩浆弧,沉积岩砾石则可能来自造山带早期的沉积地层,石英岩及其他变质岩砾石则多来自东昆仑基底变质岩系。综合判别,格曲组为一套沉积于活动大陆边缘环境的滨浅海相磨拉石建造,代表南侧古特提斯洋向北俯冲开始的构造阶段,是初始俯冲的沉积构造响应。     

青藏高原北缘前寒武纪地质演化：进展与讨论

青藏高原北缘前寒武纪块体主要出露于塔里木盆地南缘的铁克里克和阿尔金、祁连山及柴达木盆地周缘等地区。这些古老块体分布于相对年轻的古生代秦祁昆造山带之中,大多经历了古生代造山事件的改造叠加。近10年来,对该地区前寒武纪地层时代格架、物质组成和构造属性研究取得了许多进展：1）揭示铁克里克、北阿尔金、全吉和阿拉善地块具有相似的2.5～2.2 Ga、2.1～1.7 Ga的基底演化和1.7 Ga之后的盖层沉积记录,反映塔里木克拉通、全吉地块和华北克拉通在Columbia 超大陆中具有相关和相似性。2）一系列地层时代被重新厘定,为建立新的前寒武纪地层划分方案提供了依据;3）厘定出铁克里克新元古代裂谷火山—沉积盆地,其可以与华北克拉通南缘1 000～830 Ma的裂解事件对比,它们在新元古代早期可能构成同一个克拉通裂解边缘;4）在南阿尔金与祁连、柴达木等地块识别出性质相似的新元古代岩浆作用和变质作用,它们可能共同代表一个新元古代早期活动大陆边缘的构造杂岩,为古生代汇聚、增生于塔里木克拉通或华北克拉通南缘的外来地块,存在于秦祁昆造山带之中。目前关于青藏高原北缘前寒武纪块体的物质组成、时代格架、构造属性和古环境变化研究还存在许多问题,仍需要开展进一步的大量工作。     

超大陆研究进展

本文初步综述了超大陆研究的一些新成果。超大陆的拼贴和裂解一般与地球深部作用有关；各超大陆旋回的持续时间不一，不具周期性。Rodinia超大陆形成于中元古代晚期的格伦威尔造山期（1050Ma），后在新元古代晚期（725Ma）裂解。在新元古代早期，塔里木地块可能与澳大利亚的Kimberley地区相连，华南地块位于东澳大利亚和劳伦古陆之间而华北地块与劳伦古陆西北角和西伯利亚相邻；到新元古代末，这三个地块都从Rodinia超大陆中分离出来，在寒武纪至泥盆纪时与冈瓦那大陆的澳大利亚边缘靠近。冈瓦纳超大陆是在Rcdinia超大陆解体后，由太古-元古代克拉通重新组合，并有中元古代活动带碎块的拼贴而成，其完成聚合的时间大约是早古生代（约500Ma）。     

试论中国古大陆中-新元古代汇聚与裂解的地质记录

自1990年新元古Rodinia超大陆提出后,现已发展成地学研究热点之一。在全球新元古代超大陆旋回的汇聚与裂解机制影响下,中国古大陆也随之变化。中元古代末一新元古代初的汇聚和新元古代晚期的裂解是最重要的两次地质事件。塔里木、华北、华南古陆都有它的地质记录。晋宁事件应是中元古代晚期-新元古代早期,北秦岭地块与中秦岭地块俯冲一碰撞造山作用和新元古代时期Rodinia超大陆形成的主要地质事件;华南的武陵运动,使华夏古陆与扬子地块发生碰撞形成统一的“华南古陆”。在塔里木古陆与哈萨克斯坦一伊犁古陆之间的那拉提南缘碰撞带,甘肃北山南带柳园及青海柴达木盆地北部边缘的榴辉岩一花岗岩带的发现都是最新的研究成果。     

华夏地块前加里东期变质基底的年代构造格架

华夏地块的前加里东期变质基底大致可划分为三大构造展,主体为古元古代中条旋回的结晶基底和新元古代-早古生代的褶皱基底,局部存在裂谷环境下的中元古代变质岩石。大量的单颗粒钻石年龄和Sin－Nd同位素测年资料显示出华夏地块的古元古代岩石形成于2400～2000Ma,中元古代的岩石形成于1400～1000Ma,而新元古代-早古生代的地层大致形成于740～430Ma。中条运动是华夏地块一次重要的造壳运动,奠基了华夏地块结晶基底,晋宁运动使华夏地块的闽浙隆起区彻底固结,而加里东运动则使得整个华夏地块彻底固结。     

新疆古地理研究专辑摘要

太古宙以来,新疆陆块经历了离散→聚合→裂解→拼合的复杂过程,地壳运动和构造格局直接控制了古地理环境的变迁。新元古代塔里木陆块和准噶尔地块之间,有南天山洋相隔。古元古代兴地运动,使塔里木基底基本固结,中－新元古代均为稳定型盖层沉积。中、新元古代其间有3次构造运动使本区经历了3次大的海进和海退,陆地增加而海域缩小,沉积环境渐趋稳定。长城纪1 650～1 350 Ma以稳定碎屑岩沉积为主,蓟县纪1 350～1 050 Ma以稳定的滨浅海碳酸盐岩沉积为主,青白口纪1 050～800 Ma则以不纯的灰岩及细碎屑岩沉积为主。准噶尔…     

新疆库鲁克塔格前寒武纪地块岩浆热事件及构造演化

库鲁克塔格地块是新疆前寒武系出露较全、保存较完好地块。通过对前人岩浆活动定年工作总结,进行岩石地球化学特征及构造环境分析,构建库鲁克塔格岩浆活动序列及构造演化格架。库鲁克塔格地块前后经历了4次构造岩浆运动,前3次较强烈,具区域变质、变形、岩浆侵入及地形隆起特征,第4次构造运动主要为隆起和沉积缺失。具体划分为7个阶段:古太古代陆核形成阶段(3.6~3.3 Ga);陆壳增生改造阶段(2.6~2.3 Ga);古元古代陆壳改造阶段(2.1~1.8 Ga);中元古代晚期—新元古代早期造山运动阶段(1.1~0.86 Ga);新元古代中期造山后伸展阶段(830~800 Ma);新元古代中晚期陆内裂解阶段(770~630 Ma)和显生宙造陆运动。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Late Wuchiapingian (Late Dzhulfian,early Late Permian) limestone olistolites within the Tertiary flysch of Glypia Unit (Mount Parnon,central–eastern Peloponnesus,Greece)

Some olistolites reworked in a Tertiary flysch of Mount Parnon (Peloponnesus, Greece) exhibit a Late Permian assemblage, dominated by Paradunbarula (Shindella) shindensis, Hemigordiopsis cf. luquensis and Colaniella aff. minima. This association corresponds to the Late Wuchiapingian (=Late Dzhulfian), a substage whose algae and foraminifera are generally little known. Contemporaneous limestones crop out in the middle part of the Episkopi Formation in Hydra, but they are rather commonly reworked in Mesozoic and Cainozoic sequences. The palaeobiogeographical affinities shared by the foraminiferal markers of Greece, southeastern Pamir, and southern China, are very strong (up to the specific level), and are congruent with the Pangea B reconstructions. To cite this article: E. Skourtsos et al., C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 925–931.     

PALEONTOLOGY

正20141596 Liu Yunhuan(School of Earth Sciences and Resources,Chang’an University,Xi’an 710054,China);Shao Tiequan Early Cambrian Quadrapyrgites Fossils of Xixiang Boita in Southern Shaanxi Province(Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment,ISSN1672-6561,CN61-1423/P,35(3),2013,p.39-43,3 illus.,20 refs.)     

GEOCHEMICAL EXPLORATION

正20141719 Chen Zhijun(State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan 430074,China);Chen Jianguo Automated Batch Mapping Solution for Serial Maps:A Case Study of Exploration Geochemistry Maps(Journal of Geology,ISSN1674-3636,CN32-1796/P,37(3),2013,p.456-464,2 illus.,2 tables,10 refs.)     

MICROPALAEONTOLOGY

正20140962 Chen Fenning(Xi’an Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources,Xi’an710054,China);Chen Ruiming Late Miocene-Early Pleistocene Ostracoda Fauna of Gyirong Basin,Southern Tibet(Acta Geologica Sinica,ISSN0001-5717,CN11-1951/P,87(6),2013,p.872-886,6illus.,56refs.)     

PETROLOGY

正1.IGNEOUS PETROLOGY20142008Cai Jinhui(Wuhan Center,China Geological Survey,Wuhan 430205,China);Liu Wei Zircon U-Pb Geochronology and Mineralization Significance of Granodiorites from Fuzichong Pb-Zn Deposit,Guangxi,South China(Geology and Mineral Resources of South China,ISSN1007-3701,CN42-1417/P,29(4),2013,p.271-281,7illus.,     

ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY

正20141205Cheng Weiming(State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,CAS,Beijing 100101,China);Xia Yao Regional Hazard Assessment of Disaster Environment for Debris Flows:Taking Jundu Mountain,Beijing as an