新疆西天山松湖铁矿床稀土和微量元素地球化学特征及其意义

松湖铁矿床位于新疆西天山阿吾拉勒成矿带中段,赋存于石炭系大哈拉军山组火山-沉积岩系中。矿体呈似层状、透镜状,主要受近EW向、NWW向高角度逆断层控制。矿石主要呈块状、条带状、团块状构造,结构主要为半自形-他形粒状;矿石矿物主要为磁铁矿,其次为赤铁矿、黄铁矿及黄铜矿,脉石矿物主要为钾长石、绿泥石、方解石、绿帘石及阳起石等。围岩蚀变发育,在垂向和水平方向上具有分带性。矿区围岩是阿吾拉勒地区早石炭世岛弧火山岩的组成部分,不同岩性具有类似的稀土元素配分模式,均为轻稀土元素富集的右倾型,发育弱的负铈异常,中到弱的负铕或正铕异常。矿石中磁铁矿的∑REE值变化于20.75×10-6~65.41×10-6,配分模式为轻稀土元素富集的右倾型,发育中到弱的负铈及负铕异常。磁铁矿与围岩的稀土元素特征表明二者具有成因联系,与岛弧火山作用有关。磁铁矿微量元素特征表明成矿物质来源于深部,磁铁矿为火山热液交代成因。结合矿床地质特征,认为松湖铁矿床为海相火山热液型矿床。     

新疆西天山松湖铁矿床火山岩年代学和岩石地球化学

新疆西天山阿吾拉勒铁成矿带内众多铁矿床的围岩火山岩时代、岩石成因和构造背景迄今尚未得到很好地约束。文章对该铁成矿带内的松湖铁矿床围岩粗面英安岩和流纹岩进行了锆石LA_ICP_MS U_Pb测年和地球化学研究。粗面英安岩和流纹岩的锆石206Pb/238U加权平均年龄分别为(326.8±2.7)Ma和(327.3±1.7)Ma。粗面英安岩和流纹岩准铝质,均富集轻稀土元素、Rb、K、Zr、Hf,显示中等Eu负异常,亏损Ba、Sr、P、Ta、Nb和Ti。锆石饱和温度计算结果显示,粗面英安岩的母岩浆温度较高(774~812℃,平均792℃),流纹岩母岩浆的温度较低(713~790℃,平均750℃)。粗面英安岩具有非常低Sr高Yb的特征,Nb/Ta比值为10.8~11.4,具有较高的w(Th)(≥8.1×10-6)和高的Th/Ce比值(≥0.31);流纹岩具有低Sr低Yb特征,Nb/Ta比值为8.5~9.7,w(Th)(≥5.3×10-6)较高,Th/Ce比值为0.14~0.75,据此推测粗面英安岩母岩浆可能是上地壳部分熔融的产物,流纹岩母岩浆可能源于比粗面英安岩母岩浆更深的地壳的部分熔融。松湖铁矿区粗面英安岩和流纹岩具有弧火山岩的地球化学特征,结合构造环境判别图解和区域地质情况,推断其形成于大陆弧环境。     

新疆西天山松湖铁矿床磁铁矿成分特征及其成因

松湖铁矿位于新疆阿吾拉勒成矿带中段, 其成矿作用经历了2期6个阶段: 硫化物-钾长石阶段、赤铁矿-方解石-绿泥石阶段、磁铁矿-绿泥石-钾长石阶段(称为早阶段铁矿化)、磁铁矿-硫化物阶段(称为晚阶段铁矿化)、方解石-黄铜矿阶段及表生期.为了分析其成分特征及其成因, 使用磁铁矿电子探针分析, 结果显示: 早阶段磁铁矿FeO_T含量高, TiO₂、Al₂O₃、MgO、MnO等含量均较低, 与接触交代矿床成分特征相似, 加之SiO₂含量较高, 暗示其形成与酸性岩浆热液密切相关; 晚阶段为主成矿阶段, 广泛作用于早阶段矿石之上, 磁铁矿FeO_T含量相对较低, TiO₂、MnO、V₂O₃、MgO、Al₂O₃等含量高于早阶段磁铁矿, 显示为热液成因.综合矿床地质特征, 认为晚阶段磁铁矿形成于岩浆活动晚期或间歇期, 含矿热液中有海水的加入.      

磁法勘探在尼勒克县松湖铁矿中的应用

对尼勒克县松湖铁矿进行的地面磁法测量工作,获取了直接的磁异常数据.通过化极处理和不同高度的延拓分析,圈定了4个磁异常体,并通过用二度半重、磁异常人机联作实时二维剖面反演,拟合出矿体的形态特征,分析了其对应异常体的相对深度,为矿床勘探提供了较为明确的地球物理依据.     

新疆西天山松湖铁矿床叠加成矿过程——来自矿床地质和矿物地球化学的约束

松湖铁矿床是新疆西天山阿吾拉勒铁成矿带中的典型中型铁矿床,该矿床铁矿石资源量5506万吨,矿体品位22%~54%,平均品位42%。本文对松湖铁矿床进行了矿床地质和矿物地球化学特征研究,查明了蚀变和矿化特征,划分了矿石类型以及成矿期和成矿阶段,探讨了矿床的形成过程。对松湖铁矿区围岩蚀变分带特征进行了仔细的划分,根据矿物相互穿插关系以及矿物组合和结构构造特征,将成矿过程分为3个成矿期6个成矿阶段。矿浆期成矿温度500~650℃,而热液期成矿温度为接近400℃,蚀变矿物绿泥石的形成温度平均为312℃。两种成因类型磁铁矿稀土元素特征具有专属性,矿浆期磁铁矿ΣREE值明显高于火山热液期磁铁矿,表明热液演化过程中稀土元素分馏程度较高。耦合矿床地质和矿物地球化学特征,初步判断新疆松湖铁矿为矿浆-火山热液叠加型铁矿床。     

内蒙白乃庙斑岩铜钼矿床黄铁矿中微量元素的分配特征及其意义

黄铁矿是一种分布广泛的硫化物,但不同条件下形成的黄铁矿中微量元素的分配各具特点。本文通过对黄铁矿空间分布特征及其中多种微量元素分配特点的研究,提出黄铁矿晕的概念,讨论了其地质意义,对南北两矿带成因的同一性提供了新的信息,并提出矿体不同部位黄铁矿中Co/Ni比值的差异规律可作为判断矿体剥蚀深度的标志。     

新疆西天山智博铁矿床火山岩和侵入岩岩石地球化学

新疆西天山阿吾拉勒山集中产出多个大、中型海相火山岩型富铁矿床,引起人们的广泛关注。这些铁矿的成因被认为与火山作用有关,但对其成岩成矿的大地构造背景尚不清楚。文章研究了智博铁矿区出露的火山岩和侵入岩的岩石学、岩石地球化学,尝试探讨该问题。智博铁矿体赋矿围岩为早石炭世大哈拉军山组玄武岩和安山岩,侵入岩有晚石炭世花岗岩、花岗岩脉和闪长岩脉。玄武岩和安山岩在构造环境判别图解中投影于火山弧范围内,在花岗岩类构造环境判别图解中,320 Ma的花岗岩脉和319 Ma的石英闪长岩投影于岛弧环境,304 Ma的花岗闪长岩则投影于同碰撞环境。结合前人研究成果,认为智博地区在早石炭世为岛弧环境,晚石炭世可能经历了岛弧俯冲向同碰撞环境的转变。玄武岩亏损Ta、Nb,相对亏损Th,富集Rb、U、Pb;安山岩亏损Ta、Nb,富集轻稀土元素和Rb、U、Th、Pb,结合Sr/Th-Th/Ce和Th-Ba/Th图解判别,推测智博铁矿床玄武岩和安山岩岩浆源区为受到了俯冲带流体交代的楔形地幔。     

西天山智博铁矿床黄铁矿成分特征及硫同位素研究

智博大型磁铁矿床位于新疆西天山阿吾拉勒铁铜成矿带东段,主要矿石矿物为磁铁矿,主要共生金属矿物为黄铁矿。文章通过对黄铁矿进行矿物成因研究来推测矿床成因及特征。本次研究选择2个成矿期的矿石及围岩中的黄铁矿进行电子探针及硫同位素研究。电子探针数据显示岩浆期黄铁矿w(Co)平均为4703×10~(-6),大于热液期w(Co)(735.71×10~(-6)),Co/Ni比值(平均18.53)也大于热液期黄铁矿Co/Ni比值(平均0.96);S/Se比值多数集中于1000～8000之间。部分Co/Ni、Se/Te、S/Se比值落入热液成因范围内,暗示了热液流体参与成矿的可能性。而Co-Co/Ni图解显示岩浆期矿石和热液期矿石具有一定的继承性。黄铁矿中δ~(34)S值介于-1.2‰和0.3‰之间,表明硫主要来源于幔源硫。智博铁矿床矿石主要为岩浆成因,但岩浆期后热液及其他热液流体也参与了晚阶段的成矿作用。     

新疆阿尔泰南缘巴利尔斯铁矿床稀土元素地球化学研究

巴利尔斯铁矿是阿尔泰南缘麦兹盆地新近发现的中型铁矿床.赋存于上志留—下泥盆统康布铁堡下亚组第二岩性段变粒岩、浅粒岩及斜长角闪岩中,矿体及其周围发育大量矽卡岩矿物.本文对矿体围岩、矽卡岩矿物和矿石进行了稀土元素地球化学研究,结果表明磁铁矿矿石、矽卡岩与围岩斜长角闪岩的 REE 特征具有相似性,暗示磁铁矿矿石与矽卡岩具有亲缘性,斜长角闪岩可能提供部分成矿物质.矽卡岩和矿石发育Eu正异常及所有矿石的负Ce异常,表明铁成矿作用发生在高温氧化环境.     

Genesis of the Bianjiadayuan Pb-Zn polymetallic deposit,Inner Mongolia,China:Constraints from in-situ sulfur isotope and trace element geochemistry of pyrite

The Southern Great Xing'an Range(S(GXR)which forms part of the eastern segment of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt(CAOB)is known as one of the most important Cu-Mo-Pb-Zn-Ag-Au metallogenic belts in China,hosting a number of porphyry Mo(Cu),skarn Fe(Sn),epithermal Au-Ag,and hydrothermal veintype Ag-Pb-Zn ore deposits.Here we investigate the Bianjiadayuan hydrothermal vein-type Ag-Pb-Zn ore deposit in the southern part of the SGXR.Porphyry Sn± Cu± Mo mineralization is also developed to the west of the Ag-Pb-Zn veins in the ore field.We identify a five-stage mineralization process based on field and petrologic studies including(i)the early porphyry mineralization stage,(ii)main porphyry mineralization stage,(iii)transition mineralization stage,(iv)vein-type mineralization stage and(v)late mineralization stage.Pyrite is the predominant sulfide mineral in all stages except in the late mineralization stage,and we identify corresponding four types of pyrites:Pyl is medium-grained subhedral to euhedral occurring in the early barren quartz vein;Py2 is medium-to fine-grained euhedral pyrite mainly coexisting with molybdenite,chalcopyrite,minor sphalerite and galena;Py3 is fine-grained,subhedral to irregular pyrite and displays cataclastic textures with micro-fractures;Py4 occurs as euhedral microcrystals and forms irregularly shaped aggregate with sphalerite and galena.LA-ICP-MS trace element analyses of pyrite show that Cu,Pb,Zn,Ag,Sn,Cd and Sb are partitioned into pyrite as structurally bound metals or mineral micro/nano-inclusions,whereas Co,Ni,As and Se enter the lattice via isomorphism in all types of pyrite.The Cu,Zn,Ag,Cd concentrations gradually increase from Pyl to Py4,which we correlate with cooling and mixing of ore-forming fluid with meteoric water.Py2 contains the highest contents of Co,Ni,Se,Te and Bi,suggesting high temperature conditions for the porphyry mineralization stage.Ratios of Co/Ni(0.03-10.79,average 2.13)and sulphur isotope composition of sulfide indicate typical hydrothermal origin for pyrites.The δ~(34)S_(cDT) values of Pyl(0.42‰-1.61‰,average1.16‰),Py2(-1.23‰to 0.82‰,average 0.35‰),Py3(—0.36‰to 2.47‰average 0.97‰).Py4(2.51‰--3.72‰,average 3.06‰),and other sulfides are consistent with those of typical porphyry deposit(-5‰to 5‰),indicating that the Pb-Zn polymetallic mineralization in the Bianjiadayuan deposit is genetically linked to the Yanshanian(Jurassic-Cretaceous)magmatic-hydrothermal events.Variations of δ~(34) S values are ascribed to the changes in physical and chemical conditions during the evolution and migration of the ore-forming fluid.We propose that the high Sn content of pyrite in the Bianjiadayuan hydrothermal vein-type Pb-Zn polymetallic deposit can be used as a possible pathfinder to prospect for Sn mineralization in the surrounding area or deeper level of the ore field in this region.     

滇东南都龙超大型锡锌多金属矿床黄铁矿LA-ICPMS微量元素组成研究

滇东南马关都龙是一个以锡锌为主,共-伴生铟、铜、铅、钨、铁、银等多种元素的锡锌多金属超大型矿床。虽然前人从矿物学、矿床地球化学、年代学等不同角度开展了较多的研究,该矿床锡锌多金属矿化为燕山晚期岩浆热液活动的产物已是不争的事实,但关于该矿床是否存在热水沉积作用及其与锡锌多金属成矿作用的关系依然存在较大争议。本文选取都龙矿区广泛存在的黄铁矿作为主要研究对象,在矿相学基础上利用LA-ICPMS对不同阶段黄铁矿的微量元素组成开展了系统的研究。野外及显微鉴定结果表明,矿区存在四种类型（期次）的黄铁矿,即：鲕状黄铁矿Py1;穿切或交代Py1的细脉状黄铁矿Py2;与闪锌矿等硫化物共生的自形黄铁矿Py3;包裹早期黄铁矿或闪锌矿等硫化物的他形黄铁矿Py4。LA-ICPMS分析结果表明,该矿床黄铁矿中富集多种微量元素,其中Co、Ni、As、Ge等元素以类质同象的形式存在黄铁矿晶格中,而其余元素多以显微矿物包体形式赋存于黄铁矿中。上述四期黄铁矿微量元素组成存在较大差别,Py1相对富集Zn和As,而其余微量元素含量较低,Co与Ni含量较低,Co/Ni比值远低于1.00,其微量元素组成与典型沉积作用形成黄铁矿基本一致;Py2与Py1具有相似的微量元素组成特征,其Co/Ni比值接近Py1变化范围;Py3和Py4除富集Zn、As外,Mn、Co、Ni、Cu、Sb、Pb、Bi元素含量也相对较高,其Co/Ni比值相对较高,多大于1,与典型岩浆热液型黄铁矿微量元素组成相似,而与沉积型黄铁矿差异明显。结合各阶段黄铁矿产出地质特征,对比不同类型黄铁矿微量元素组成,本研究认为：Py1鲕状黄铁矿为热水沉积作用形成;Py2为Py1变质改造形成的细脉状黄铁矿,其微量元素继承了Py1;Py3为岩浆热液活动形成的自形黄铁矿;Py4为岩浆热液活动晚期形成的他形黄铁矿,Ag和Bi组成作为区分不同成因类型黄铁矿的化学指标的潜力。矿区早期沉积作用形成鲕状黄铁矿过程可能为后期成矿作用提供了部分硫源及少量Zn等成矿物质,海西-印支期区域变质改造作用对矿区成矿作用影响不大,而燕山晚期岩浆热液活动才是矿区锡多金属大规模成矿作用的主导因素。

     

新疆富蕴县蒙库铁矿地质地球化学特征

蒙库是新疆境内目前发现的最大的磁铁矿矿床,矿体赋存在下泥盆统康布铁堡组角闪变粒岩、斜长角闪岩(原岩为火山岩)中.探明铁储量1.1亿吨,全铁平均品位44%.矽卡岩广泛发育并与矿体关系密切,矽卡岩阶段主要发育钙铁榴石、透辉石等矿物,晚期矽卡岩阶段则以大量阳起石、绿泥石、透辉石并伴随磁铁矿的出现为特征.矽卡岩阶段石榴石中原生包裹体类型复杂,均一温度为348℃～500℃,盐度为9.6～12.85wt%;晚期矽卡岩阶段透辉石中富液包裹体的均一温度为241℃～490℃,盐度为10.73～12.9wt%;含子晶的石英包裹体均一温度为348℃～458℃,盐度为38.2～57.1wt%,石英气液包裹体的均一温度在166℃～382℃之间,盐度为9.6～13.04wt%,平均11.31wt%;方解石中富液包裹体的均一温度为145℃～265℃,盐度1.23%～9.6%,流体表现为矽卡岩化过程的中高温中等盐度到中温中等盐度流体再到低温低盐度的演化历程.δ34S的值显示硫的来源于均一的硫的储库,有少量地层硫加入.碳、氢、氧同位素组分表明交代火山岩的流体主要为岩浆晚期的热水溶液,在演化的晚期有大气降水的加入.     

新疆伊吾县宝山铁矿床矽卡岩成因研究

宝山铁矿床位于东准噶尔库兰卡孜干-北塔山-纸房-琼河坝岛弧带东段。宝山铁矿中矽卡岩与铁矿体密切共生,是重要的找矿标志。研究区矽卡岩中石榴子石、透辉石单矿物电子探针分析结果显示,石榴子石属于钙铁榴石-钙铝榴石系列,透辉石属于透辉石-钙铁辉石系列。矽卡岩中高场强元素(如Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf)相对亏损,稀土元素表现出LREE富集,HREE亏损的特点。∑REE为39.90×10~(-6)~178.43×10~(-6),∑LREE/∑HREE比值1.64~7.53,(La/Yb)N比值为1.32~10.10,轻、重稀土元素分异程度较弱,与玄武质凝灰岩具有相似的地球化学特征,这说明矽卡岩是玄武质凝灰岩受后期岩浆热液改造形成,随着温度和压力降低,磁铁矿沉淀形成铁矿体。     

LA-ICP-MS trace element analysis of pyrite from the Xiaoqinling gold district, China: Implications for ore genesis

The Xiaoqinling district, the second largest gold producing district in China, is located on the southern margin of the North China Craton. It consists of three ore belts, namely, the northern ore belt, the middle ore belt and the southern ore belt. Pyrite from the Dahu gold deposit in the northern ore belt and Wenyu and Yinxin gold deposits in the southern ore belt were investigated using a combination of ore microscopy and in-situ laser-ablation inductively-coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS). A range of trace elements was analyzed, including Au, Te, Ag, Pb, Bi, Cu, Co, Ni, Zn, Mo, Hg, As and Si. The results show that there are no systematic differences between the trace element compositions of pyrite in the three deposits from different ore belts. In general, Au concentrations in pyrite are low (from < 0.01 ppm to 2.2 ppm) but Ni concentrations are rather high (up to 8425 ppm). A four-stage mineralization process is indicated by microscopic and field observations and this can be related to the systematic trace element differences between distinct generations of pyrite. Stage I precedes the main gold mineralization stage; pyrite of this stage has the lowest Au concentrations. Stages II and III contributed most of the gold to the ore-forming system. The corresponding pyrite yielded the highest concentrations of Au and Ni. Our microscopic observations suggest that pyrite in the main gold mineralization stage precipitated simultaneously with molybdenite that has been previously dated as Indosinian (~ 218 Ma by Re–Os molybdenite dating), indicating the Indosinian as the main gold mineralization stage. The Indosinian mineralization age and the geological and geochemical features of these gold deposits (e.g., low salinity, CO₂-rich ore fluids; spatial association with large-scale compressional structures of the Qinling orogen; δ¹⁸O and δD data suggestive of mixing between metamorphic and meteoric waters; δ³⁴S and Pb-isotopic data that point to a mixed crustal-mantle source) all point to typical orogenic-type gold deposits. High Ni concentrations (up to 8425 ppm) of pyrite possibly linked to deep-seated mafic/ultramafic metamorphic rocks provide further evidence on the orogenic gold deposit affinity, but against the model of a granitic derivation of the mineralizing fluid as previously suggested by some workers. Generally low Au concentration in pyrite is also consistent with those from worldwide orogenic gold deposits. Therefore, the gold mineralization in the Xiaoqinling district is described as orogenic type, and is probably related to Indosinian collision between the North China Craton and the Yangtze Craton.     

新疆尼勒克县乔尔玛铁矿床地质特征及成因初探

乔尔玛铁矿床位于伊犁地块东北缘,产于下石炭统大哈拉军山组火山岩中,成矿母岩为中酸性凝灰岩、熔结凝灰岩、安山质岩屑凝灰岩和安山质火山角砾岩。通过区域地质特征、矿区地质特征、矿体特征及同一成矿带内相邻铁矿床地质特征的对比研究,认为乔尔玛铁矿床成因类型为火山热液型铁矿床,找矿前景较好。     

Coupled trace element and SIMS sulfur isotope geochemistry of sedimentary pyrite:Implications on pyrite growth of Caixiashan Pb-Zn deposit

Colloform pyrite with core-rim texture is commonly deposited in carbonate platforms associated with the sulfide ores such as the Caixiashan Pb-Zn deposit.However,the genesis of colloform pyrite in Pb-Zn deposits,its growth controls and their geological implication are insufficiently understood.Integration of in-situ trace element and SIMS sulfur isotopes has revealed geochemical variations among these pyrite layers.These colloform pyrite occur as residual phases of core-rim aggregates,the cores are made up of very fine-grained anhedral pyrite particles,with some rims being made up of fine-grained and poorlycrystallized pyrite,while the other rims were featured with euhedral cubic pyrite.which are cemented by fine-grained calcite and/or dolomite with minor quartz.Sulfur isotope analysis shows that some wellpreserved rims have negative δ~(34)S values(-28.12‰to-0.49‰),whereas most of the cores and rims have positive δ~(34)S values(0 to+44.28‰;peak at+14.91‰).Integrating with the methane and sulfate were observed in previous fluid inclusion study,we suggest that the ~(34)S depleted rims were initially formed by bacteria sulfate reduction(BSR),whereas the positive δ~(34)S values were resulted from the sulfate reduction driven by anaerobic methane oxidation(AOM).The well-developed authigenic pyrite and calcite may also support the reaction of AOM.Combined with petrographic observations,trace element composition of the colloform pyrite reveals the incorporation and precipitation behavior of those high abundance elements in the pyrite:Pb and Zn were present as mineral inclusion and likely precipitated before Fe,as supported by the time-resolved Pb-Zn signal spikes in most of the analyzed pyrite grains.Other metals,such as Hg,Co and Ni,may have migrated as chloride complexes and entered the pyrite lattice.Arsenic and Sb,generally influenced by complex-forming reactions rather than substitution ones,could also enter the pyrite lattice,or slightly predate the precipitation of colloform pyrite as mineral inclusions,which are controlled by their hydrolysis constant in the ore fluids.The colloform pyrite may have grown inward from the rims.The successive BSR reaction process would enrich H_2~(32)S in the overlying water column but reduce the metal content,the nucleation of these pyrite rims was featured by strongly negative sulfur isotopes.The following AOM process should be activated by deformation like the turbidity sediment of the mudstone as the sulfide deposition are associated with fault activities that caused the emission of methane migration upward and simultaneously replenishing the metal in the column.The higher AOM reaction rate and the higher metal supply(not only Fe.but with minor other metals such as Pb and Zn) caused by sediment movement enhanced the metal concentration within the pyrite lattice.