内蒙古河套地区土壤环境质量评价

土壤污染已成为抑制农业可持续发展的一个重要因素,土壤环境质量与研究区的地质条件、自然物理化学条件和人类活动有关。以河套地区多目标区域地球化学调查取得的表层土壤元素资料为依据,参照《土壤环境质量标准》(GB15618—1995)中As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Hg、Ni、Pb、Zn分级标准,对研究区土壤的单元素环境质量进行分级并评价。以单元素土壤环境质量分级为基础,以单元素中最差的级别作为该单元土壤环境质量综合分级,评价研究区的土壤综合环境质量。通过单元素评价及综合评价认为,研究区内土壤环境质量总体状况优良,大部分地区为绿色、无公害的环境。     

福建沿海地区农业土壤全量养分丰缺评价

农业土壤除了pH值、有机质、全氮、全磷、全钾有全量评价标准外,多目标地球化学调查提供的其他营养和有益元素均无全量评价标准。文章采用耕作地土壤的背景值和标准离差以及与全国土壤丰度的比值确定了其他13种营养和有益元素的丰缺分级评价标准。提出了土壤养分丰缺综合评价方法,将19种土壤养分指标分成土壤性质指标、一级营养元素指标、二级营养元素指标及微量营养和有益元素指标,其贡献总分值分别为30分、40分、15分和15分,组成类型的单指标总分值与该类型贡献总分值相同,根据丰缺分级评价标准和各单指标含量,计算单指标分值。采用算术平均值法计算4种类型指标的分值,以4种类型指标分值和的大小作为评价土壤全量养分丰缺的依据。应用该评价体系对福建沿海地区农业土壤养分状况进行评价,旨在为农业土壤区划提供参考依据。另外,文章还分析了影响土壤养分丰缺的因素,提出了土壤的pH值和SiO₂含量是影响土壤养分丰缺的重要因素,其次还有地质背景因素、人类活动叠加因素、沉积作用环境因素和气候环境因素等。     

农业地球化学调查中的几个问题

根据农业专家的建议,厘定微量元素营养水平的分级,将水系沉积物元素含量转化成土壤元素含量,并厘定了微量元素营养水平标准.以金巨盆地几个县城的营养状况作对比分析,结果显示,除Mo对比率较差外,其他元素对比率都在75%以上.     

珠江三角洲台山地区富硒土壤资源评价

系统采集珠江三角洲台山地区表层土壤和农作物样品,测定了Se、Cd、Hg等20项指标含量,研究该地区土壤富硒特征。结果表明,台山地区土壤Se含量丰富,均值达0.56 mg/kg,建立了适合当地的富硒土壤分级标准：＜0.2 mg/kg为低硒区,0.2～0.6 mg/kg为硒正常含量范围,0.6～3.0 mg/kg为富硒区,＞3.0 mg/kg则为硒过剩。在此基础上,选取土壤Se含量、土壤环境健康元素和土壤养分作为评价指标,辅以农作物的生物效应检验,开展台山地区富硒土壤资源评价区划,共圈定富硒土壤资源区7处,面积165.2 km2,可作为该区今后硒土壤资源开发利用的依据。     

山东五莲县地质背景与浅层土壤地球化学特征

五莲县为山区县，主要发育棕壤土类和褐土土类，土壤中元素的含量受土壤母岩和母质的控制。笔者对土壤中元素的全量和有效态含量特征进行了分析，对土壤的营养水平进行了评价。研究区土壤中元素含量以高Fe、Mn、Cu．Zn，低Ca,S、B为特征，有益元素Se含量较高，土壤总体供肥能力较强，适宜特色农业和果品生产。     

赣南烟草化学组成及岩土地球化学特征

通过赣州地区14个典型烟草产区的岩石、土壤和烟叶地球化学调查和研究,初步评价研究区烟草产地的土壤营养状况,探讨烟草内在品质与基岩、土壤元素地球化学特征间的关系,为研究区烟草施肥及种植规划提供科学依据。     

河南省基于土壤-小麦系统的土壤Cr生态安全评价

利用农业地质地球化学评价方法原理和河南黄淮平原土壤-小麦系统Cr元素的实测数据,获得了不同土壤类型的土壤Cr安全界限值,再用“实用临界值”对安全界限值进行修正,建立了评价标准值,并利用评价标准值对河南省的土地进行了Cr生态安全评价。     

基于农业地质的福建光泽耕地质量评价及其利用建议

以福建光泽的耕地为研究对象,基于农业地质角度以及从土壤质量内涵出发,将农业地质调查成果中的土壤地球化学元素与土壤肥力作为评价指标,结合土地变更调查成果等相关数据,建立耕地质量综合评价的指标体系,将耕地土壤肥力、耕地利用条件以及土壤微量元素进行综合分析,探讨研究区基于农业地质的耕地质量评价指标体系及方法.结合对光泽耕地的...     

浙中丘陵盆地区1∶5万土地质量地球化学调查方法研究

摘要：以1∶5万土地质量地球化学调查成果服务于土地精准管理为目标,在浙中丘陵盆地选择金华市汤溪镇地块细碎的典型区域,开展了两种采样密度的对比研究：(1)按1∶5万土地质量地球化学调查的采样密度上限采样,平均采样密度164件/km2,采用克里金插值法进行图斑赋值(下文简称插值);(2)以土地精准管理为目标,以地块为单元采样,平均采样密度1795件/km2,用实测值对图斑赋值(下文简称实测)。以图斑为评价单元,对比上述两种方法间元素含量、土壤环境及养分指标分级、土壤质量综合分级的差异。研究表明：(1)与土壤质量评价密切相关的15项指标中,有9项指标插值与实测值元素含量的相对双差合格率达到90%,4项指标接近90%,仅2项指标合格率低于80%;(2)插值与实测值的土壤环境单指标分级与环境指标综合分级结果极为接近,养分指标分级差异略大;(3)实测值与插值土壤质量综合分级一级、二级图斑数所占比例相差118%,图斑面积相差74%,约40%的图斑土壤质量综合等级发生变化。研究区内环境指标变异性较小,插值与实测值的评价分级结果基本一致;养分指标N、P、K的空间变异较强,是导致插值与实测值土壤质量综合分级差异的主要原因。以上结果表明,浙中丘陵盆地区1∶5万土地质量地球化学调查成果对土地利用规划、科学平衡施肥等具有重要价值,但其成果精度尚难满足土地精准管理的需要。     

48项元素指标对烟草品质的影响

烟草作为重要的经济作物,前人已经进行了大量的研究工作。本次工作在前人的基础上,建立了烟草的质量评价体系并将烟草评价体系中评价指标与元素指标建立了联系。运用地球化学方法分析了烟叶的主要构成元素、烟叶对元素的富集、元素对品质的影响,结合土壤中元素的分布特征,推断出优质烟草产区分布,以达到地球化学为农业规划服务的目的。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861