北京地区中元古代与中生代火山岩的酸度、系列、构造环境及岩浆成因

本文对北京地区中元古代及中生代火山岩的地质学、岩石学、矿物化学、地球化学、岩石成因学及构造环境学进行了综合研究。对火山岩的时空分布及成分变化进行了论述,对酸度频率及岩浆系列进行了分析,对构造环境及拉张距离进行了估算,对岩浆的来源及演化机理进行了探讨。     

某千米地热井水质变化的处理对策

郑州市某千米地热井水温、水量及水质发生变化，，采用修补及酸化处理的工艺，处理后水温、水量及水质均达到了要求。介绍了处理技术及处理效果。     

煤中有害物质及其对环境的影响研究进展

综述了煤中有害物质的种类、分布赋存特征及对环境的影响研究进展。探讨了煤中黄铁矿的形态、世代交替、有机硫的结构及煤中硫的地质成因。阐述了煤中微量元素的种类、地质分布、赋存状态、迁移聚集机制及其环境危害。并对煤及燃煤产物中多环芳烃的种类、赋存规律及对环境和人类健康的危害进行了详细阐述。最后指出了煤中有害物质研究中存在的问题与发展趋势。     

磁化率各向异性地学应用综述

本文综述了磁化率各向异性在地学中应用的现状、存在问题及发展趋势。重点介绍了磁化率各向异性在岩石变形分析中应用的最新研究成果、不足之处及改进方法,同时文章也介绍了磁化率各向异性在岩浆岩、沉积岩（物）及沉积环境方面的应用情况及最新进展 。     

浮球式海底取样器的结构及工作原理——海底取样技术介绍之四

介绍了浮球式海底取样器的结构、性能特点、典型应用及性能参数；论述了振动式及振动冲击式贯入理论的原理；并分析了海流及船体飘移对海上取样作业的影响及解决办法。     

渭北煤矿区地质灾害与防治对策

考查了矿区地层岩石的性质及分布、地质构造及活动构造、地貌的类型及分布等灾害地质背景，阐述了地质灾害的类型、成因、分布和致灾程度，提出了防减灾害的对策。     

遥感地球化学研究

遥感地球化学是遥感技术与地球化学结合的产物。探讨了遥感地球化学产生的必然性、遥感地球化学的定义、基础理论、研究方法及应用。指出遥感地球化学的研究基础是地物波谱特征,并简要分析了矿物、岩石、水体、土壤、植被及广泛存在于星际间的一些挥发物质等的波谱特征及影响因素;归纳了遥感地球化学主要的研究方法。总结了遥感技术在矿产资源勘探、环境地球化学、生物地球化学、行星地球化学及全球变化等领域的应用,并展望了今后遥感地球化学的研究重点及发展方向。     

攀枝花市三区地质灾害分布特征及防治

简要论述了攀枝花市三区自然地理、地形地貌、地层岩性、地质构造、地震及新构造运动、岩土体工程地质特征及分布的基础上,统计了攀枝花市三区地质灾害情况,分析了三区地质灾害类型及分布特征,提出了相应的防治原则与对策措施。     

淮南煤田地热资源评价

根据区域地质构造,岩浆发育及地层组合关系,本文探讨了淮南煤田的地热分布、成因及所属地热资源类型(沉积盆地型地热资源)。由本区地下热水水质、同位素等测试结果,笔者对地下热水的形成水源、在储热层中温度、循环深度及热水的开发利用问题进行了初步探讨及计算。并结合区内简易及稳态测温孔反映出的地温梯度及热水点抽水钻孔的实际情况,初步评价了淮南煤田的基础地热资源量。     

岩土工程招标投标方法探讨

介绍了岩土工程招标、投标方式及程序、投标书内容及格式、标书编制原则及方法、投标报价策略及注意事项。     

封闭体系有机质与有机碳氢氮恢复动力学研究

在封闭体系的条件下,对典型的Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ型干酪根在热演化过程中的损失进行生烃动力学研究,获得了Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ型干酪根的总量、有机碳、氢以及氮质量损失动力学参数。用Kinetics软件计算了封闭体系干酪根有机碳丰度、氢碳原子比和氮碳原子比的恢复系数。认为在对高成熟—过成熟干酪根进行生烃评价时,Ⅰ、Ⅲ型干酪根残余有机碳丰度需要进行恢复,而Ⅱ型干酪根残余有机碳丰度不需要恢复。三种类型干酪根的氢碳原子比均需要进行恢复。     

中下扬子区二叠系露头层序地层研究

按新近国际年代地层划分方案（ICS，2000），下扬子区二叠纪地层自下向上分为3统，9阶和相对应的华南传统6阶划分。二叠系从阿瑟尔阶至长兴阶（44Ma)共划分出14个三级层序，每个三级层序平均时限约为3.14Ma，其中“紫松阶”）相当阿瑟尔＋2／3萨克马尔阶）1个（船山组中上部）、“隆林阶、（相当1／3萨克马尔阶＋阿丁斯克阶）2个（分别对应船山组上部和梁山组或镇江组）、“栖霞阶”（相当库班甘德阶＋1／3罗德阶）3个（栖霞组），“茅口阶”（相当于2／3罗德阶＋沃德阶＋卡皮丹阶）4个（孤峰组，茅口组，堰桥组，银屏组和武穴组），吴家坪阶2个（龙潭组或吴家坪组），长兴阶2个（长兴组或大隆组）；共归并为4个层序组（sequence set)。     

融入WTO——为农业服务的化工矿产资源发展战略构想

我国直接为农业服务的磷、硫、钾矿资源总体形势不容乐观。针对各自资源特点,应采取不同的发展战略:磷——立足国内,有进有出,南出北进;硫——立足国内,适当进口,调整结构,必要储备;钾——稳定进口,国外开发,国内开发,国内找矿,四位一体,分三步走。为此建议:将磷、硫、钾纳入战略性矿产资源的范畴进行管理和规划;强化地勘队伍,加大找矿力度;增加投入,寻求新的突破;加大“走出去”的步伐;规范进出口秩序;国家在更高的层面进行宏观调控;拓宽为农业服务的新领域。     

提高绳索取心钻进效率的有效途径

提高绳索取心钻进效率要做到:一是根据孔深、钻孔孔径、钻孔所遇地层及其岩性的完整程度、构造特点、风化带发育深度等选择套管的直径及下入深度;二是采取措施克服轴向压力预防孔斜;三是根据钻遇岩石的可钻性级别选择钻头,按照一定顺序依次使用,并合理控制时效及提钻间隔;四是根据地层特点,钻孔深度,施工要求选择合适的钻井液技术参数;五是根据钻井过程中遇到的特殊现象及钻井液漏失程度判别漏失类型,并采用合理的堵漏方法,实现安全钻进;六是定期检查钻具,更换破损、变形部件,作好维修保养工作。     

加强非金属矿产工作促进社会经济可持续发展

二十一世纪是我国全面推进工作化、市场化、科技化和国际化进程的时期，作为国民经济与社会发展基础的非金属矿产资源的调查评价、开发利用与保护面临新的机遇和挑战，存在着资源的有效供给、综合利用、深度加和环境保护等方面的矛盾，为此，本文通过对非金属矿产资源的特性和国内外开发研究现状等方面的分析，提出了进一步工作的建议；开放新资源，探索新用途，提出资源的综合利用程度；重视非金属矿产地质工作，增强矿产资源战略储备，加强非金属矿产资源管理，实现矿产秩序根本好转；搞好矿山生态环境建设，促进资源开发与环境保护协调发展；依靠科学技术进步，提高矿产资源利用效率。     

塔里木盆地晚泥盆世及石炭纪岩相古地理

塔里木盆地上泥盆统及石炭系包括5个组，自下而上分别为上泥盆统东河塘组和甘木里克组，石炭系巴楚组、卡拉沙依组和小海子组。其中东河塘组和甘木里克组地质时代为晚泥盆世，巴楚组地质时代为早石炭世杜内早中期，卡拉沙依组地质时代为晚杜内中期至巴什基尔期，小海子组地层时代为巴什基尔末期至莫斯科早期。岩石类型有碎屑岩和碳酸盐岩，还有膏盐岩，并夹薄层火山碎屑岩。沉积相主要为海陆过渡相组合，包括河流、三角洲、滨岸、浅海、碳酸盐岩台地、台地边缘6种相和12种亚相及33种微相。晚泥盆世东河塘期至石炭纪发生过4次较大的海侵，海侵范围由下而上逐渐增大，至晚石炭世小海子期海侵规模最大。东河塘期开始海侵，海水由西而东侵入，此时周缘碎屑物质供应充分，主要为无障壁海岸和障壁海岸沉积，西南缘为浅海相沉积。巴楚期晚期，海侵范围进一步扩大，物源向北或北东方向退却，陆源碎屑物质注入急剧减少，形成了一套富含生屑的碳酸盐岩地层，发育了开阔台地和局限台地亚相沉积。卡拉沙依期中期海侵规模比巴楚期更大，海水深度加大，西部为开阔台地亚相沉积，其余地区为局限台地亚相沉积。卡拉沙依期晚期和小海子期海侵达最大，向东扩展，大部分地区为开阔台地亚相沉积，东部地区为局限台地亚相沉积，塔北大部分地区缺失。     

Tsunami hazard evaluation for Kuwait and Arabian Gulf due to Makran Subduction Zone and Subaerial landslides

This paper explores the ways that Mongolian pastoral-nomadic herders and supporting aid organizations anticipate, interpret, and respond to dzud, a form of winter storm that prevents livestock grazing and often results in large-scale herd deaths. Analysis is drawn from organizational reports, government speeches, and mass media that have been collected to give a complex, multi-faceted understanding of the collection, distribution, and interpretation of data pertaining to the social and scientific construction of this natural hazard. Using critical discourse analysis, this study asks how herder perspectives and needs have been incorporated into reports and action plans of international development organizations. The collected documents provide insight into the ways that knowledge is constructed, disseminated and valued among policy makers, development planners and herders. Additionally, the findings indicate disagreement between stakeholders as to when to declare a national emergency, and how to best help herders respond to the increasing frequency of dzud. While some organizations rely on traditional recovery mechanisms, others have turned to technological solutions, all aiming to assist herders in adequately responding to and recovering from one dzud before another occurs. From the analysis of policy proposals, this study aims to understand and inform the ways that international development programs, government officials, and herders work to preserve pasturelands and herding lifestyles threatened by dzud.     

Landslide risk: some issues that determine societal acceptance

This paper illustrates approaches to landslide risk acceptance in various parts of the world in the context of the willingness to accept that risk, the willingness to pay to reduce the risk, and the willingness to alter the environment in the process. These factors are interlinked using the ternary ??willingness diagram?? which is also used to demonstrate how such willingness may change over time and to compare a range of generic approaches to landslide remediation as well as different conceptual approaches to landslide risk management. The willingness construct is intended to provide a readily understood framework for infrastructure owners and operators, amongst others, to understand how their approach to risk management compares with those in other regions, countries and contexts. Issues relevant to the response of society and groups of individuals to landslide risk, its acceptance and management include cultural factors, regulation and planning, budgetary constraints, vehicular vulnerability, and the often limited size of the event footprint compared to the vulnerability shadow that is cast are also discussed.     

应用层次分析法评价富水优势断裂

基岩裂隙水探寻是一项意义重大的研究课题,富水优势断裂的确定是其中的关键。文章详细论述了运用层次分析法寻找富水优势断裂并进行分级的实施方法。这一方法的实施可归纳为"两个前题条件,五个分析步骤,一个结果判断",两个前题条件为富水性功能分类和构建优势指标体系,五个分析步骤为构建层次分析结构模型、构造判断矩阵、层次单排序及其一致性检验、层次总排序、对象层权重总排序;一个结果判断为利用层次分析的结果进行断裂富水性分级,从而最终确定出富水优势断裂。此法为富水优势断裂的定量化评价提供了一种简洁、实用的新方法。      

Rice research for food security and sustainable agricultural development in Asia: Achievements and future challenges

Rice is the major staple food of Asia, and an important source of employment and income in rural areas, particularly in low-income countries. Research has contributed significantly in achieving food security by increasing the yield potential of rice in irrigated systems, reducing the crop maturity period and achieving yield stability by developing resistance against major insects and diseases in the modern high-yielding varieties. Poverty is, however, still extensive in fragile rainfed rice ecosystems where rice yield has remained low, as scientists have yet to develop high-yielding varieties resistant to abiotic stresses and problem soils. Rice production needs to be increased by another 70% over the next 30 years to meet growing food needs. This has to be achieved with less land, less water, and less labor to accommodate the demand for these inputs from the expanding nonagricultural sectors. The challenge to the rice research community is to make further shifts in yield potential of rice for the irrigated systems, to close the yield gaps in the rainfed systems through developing resistance of high yielding varieties to abiotic stresses, and greater understanding of the interactions between genotypes and environment, developing durable resistance against pests and diseases to reduce farmers' dependence on harmful agrochemicals, and to increase efficiency in the use of water, labor and fertilizers. As further intensification of rice cultivation is inevitable, scientists must understand the negative environmental side-effects of increasing rice productivity, to develop appropriate mitigation options.