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分析了基坑围护墙内外水位和孔压的分布规律,基于极限分析上限定理,将孔压做功作为外力功代入上限定理能量平衡方程,选用Prandtl滑动模式建立了考虑地下水位和孔压影响的基坑抗隆起分析方法及其验算公式。通过该计算方法对坑外水位、土体强度、硬土层深度和基坑开挖宽度等参数的影响分析以及工程实例的对比计算,验证了公式的适用性。分析结果表明,基坑内外水位和孔压变化以及地下水渗流对抗隆起稳定性产生重要影响,地下水是影响基坑稳定性的一个重要的不利因素。与经典的Terzaghi、Bjerrum和Eide方法以及Chang方法相比,该分析方法可以考虑坑内外水位和孔压对抗隆起稳定性的影响,为软土地区基坑抗隆起稳定性分析提供了合理的计算方法。 相似文献
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当土压平衡盾构穿越高水位地层(如穿越江河)时,地下水与土舱之间的高水压差会产生过大的渗透力,导致开挖面失稳。为了研究渗流条件下开挖面失稳问题,开发了一套隧道离心模型试验装置,主要包括刚性模型箱、模型盾构、开挖面伺服加载系统、水位控制系统、储水箱。针对饱和砂质粉土地层,开展了一系列不同水位高度的稳态渗流开挖面失稳模型试验。结果显示,开挖面失稳过程中随着开挖面位移的增加,有效支护压力迅速下降;在达到最小值 之后缓慢回升并趋于稳定;极限有效支护压力 与水头压力 呈线性关系。 相似文献
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随着城市地下空间的开发和利用,地下水位埋深较浅的地区,例如沈阳市,在施工过程中需要降水,工程完毕后停止降水又使水位恢复。水位的变化可能会导致地基土抗剪强度的变化、地基的回弹或沉降、渗透破坏引起地表塌陷等岩土问题,尤其是地基承载能力和既有建筑物的沉降是工程设计中必须考虑的岩土问题。对于辽沈地区,大多数文献只给出定性的回答,但工程设计需要的是定量回答,这是本文的研究目的。本文通过模型试验模拟粗砂地基上的浅基础,通过静载荷试验、水位观测、水压力和土压力传感器测试等方法测试地下水位升降时,粗砂地基的承载力、土中应力及基础沉降等的变化规律,并对试验结果进行分析和数值仿真分析,提出了利用拟合公式的方法弥补数值仿真分析与模型试验误差的思路。研究结果表明,对于密实的粗砂土地基,其地基承载力特征值在地下水位上升前后会降低,降低幅度达26%,主要原因是地基土抗剪强度降低导致承载力减小;在基础上施加一定荷载后,无论地下水位升和降,基础都会产生附加沉降。水位升高4.3m,沉降为0.565mm,主要原因是地基土的承载能力降低。水位下降4.3m,沉降0.315mm,主要原因是地下水位下降导致土中有效应力增大;数值仿真分析结果表明FLAC3D 可以较好地模拟试验过程,可用拟合公式的方法修正饱和砂土出现的误差。 相似文献
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在分析随机因素对水位模拟结果影响程度的基础上建立地下水流随机模拟模型,可为地下水资源风险管理和决策提供重要依据。以浑河冲洪积扇地区为研究区,基于蒙特卡罗原理建立了区域地下水流随机预报模型,对压采条件下的地下水位上升进行风险预测和评价。参数灵敏度分析结果表明,地下水水位对含水层渗透系数的变化最敏感,其次是给水度,而对河床沉积物渗透系数和降雨入渗补给系数的灵敏性较差,且渗透系数和给水度在其率定值附近增加或减少时,灵敏度系数随之增加或减小。研究表明,压缩开采地下水资源能够有效缓解地下水水位下降带来的环境问题,地下水开采量以每年5%的速度压采时,区内地下水水位平均上涨3.3 m,但水位恢复的同时也可能诱发局部地下工程渗水,且地下建筑物的设计安全水位越低,渗水风险越大。 相似文献
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《中国煤炭地质》2016,(10)
澜沧江上某水电站蓄水运行后,库水位的变动对库岸边坡的稳定性有较大影响。以该电站库区的一个库岸为例,根据库水位调度规划及当地水文资料,运用土体渗流理论以及极限平衡方法对库岸边坡进行稳定性分析,同时在灵敏度分析的基础上,研究库岸渗透系数和库水位变化对库岸边坡稳定性的影响。结果表明:在库水位上升阶段,当库岸边坡渗透系数很大时(k=2.5×10-4m/s),库岸地下水位将和库水位同步上升,将降低边坡的安全系数;当库岸边坡渗透系数很小时(k=2.5×10-6m/s),库岸边坡地下水位的上升将滞后于库水位的上升,导致作用在库岸边坡上,有利于库岸边坡的稳定;在库水位下降阶段,当库水位下降速率小于等于库岸边坡渗透系数时,库岸边坡地下水位随着库水位的下降而降低,库岸边坡的稳定性随着库水位的降低而增加;当库水位下降速率大于库岸边坡渗透系数时,库岸边坡地下水位的下降将滞后于库水位的下降,产生动水压力作用于库岸边坡,不利于库岸边坡的稳定。并提出了水库蓄水阶段应尽量保持在2 m/d内的上升速度,水位下降阶段应将水位下降速度控制在1 m/d之内的建议。该研究对水库安全运行具有一定指导作用。 相似文献
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通过分析地下水位变化及影响因素,将密怀顺单一含水层结构区域的地下水水位动态特征分为4个阶段:地下水均衡期(20世纪60年代—70年代末),地下水超量开采期(20世纪80年代—2003年)、怀柔应急水源地影响期(2003年—2015年)以及生态补水影响期(2015年至今)。区域地下水的开采及生态补水是造成区域水位变化的主要因素,地下水位的变化具有人工影响的典型性。随着未来水源八厂等水源地进入限产期、怀柔应急水源地进入热备涵养期以及生态补水常态化,由于该地区含水层结构以卵砾石为主,渗透性很大,地下水位会持续快速上升。基于研究区不同时间序列的水位观测数据,通过定量分析方法对密怀顺水源地最高水位进行预测,研究成果可为该地区抗浮设防水位合理确定以及深基坑工程地下水控制提供指导和参考。 相似文献
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以贵阳市地铁2号线三桥站主体结构基坑抗浮为研究对象,根据长观孔3~5年地下水位与降雨量关系对地下水位动态变化进行分析,提出一种定量计算抗浮水位的取值方法:抗浮水位值包括三个部分,勘察期间场区地下水最高水位(Hkmax)、可能的意外补给造成该层地下水位的上升值(ΔH0)及该层地下水相对勘察时的最大变幅值(ΔHe);长观孔地下水位呈雨季升高、枯季下降的变化规律,最高水位出现在6、7月份;通过对4、5、6月份的降雨量与观测孔水位进行线性拟合,得到地下水位变化量与月降雨量变化量的线性变化关系;结合历史降雨量推测场区地下水位的最大升幅为2.26 m,进而计算场区的抗浮水位为1 128.46 m。 相似文献
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Thomas F. Corbet 《Hydrogeology Journal》2000,8(3):310-327
Numerical simulation was used to enhance conceptual understanding of the post-Pleistocene hydrogeology of a layered sequence
of clastic and evaporite sediments. This work is part of an effort to evaluate the suitability of the Waste Isolation Pilot
Plant (WIPP), New Mexico, USA, as a repository for transuranic waste. The numerical model is three-dimensional, extends laterally
to topographic features that form the actual boundaries of a regional groundwater system, and uses a free surface with seepage
face as an upper boundary condition to simulate the effect of change in recharge rate on the position of the water table.
Simulation results suggest that the modern-day flow field is still adjusting to the drying of the climate that has occurred
since the end of the Pleistocene Epoch. A wetter climate at the end of the Pleistocene resulted in a shallow water table,
and patterns of groundwater flow were controlled by the intermediate features of the land-surface topography. As the climate
became drier and the water table declined, groundwater flow began to increasingly reflect the land-surface topography at the
scale of the entire groundwater basin. The modern-day flow pattern has not equilibrated with either the present recharge rate
or the position of the water table.
Received, November 1998/Revised, December 1999/Accepted, January 2000 相似文献
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Growing demand for potable water for various needs has lead to indiscriminate exploitation of groundwater resources, particularly,
in the terrain where surface water resources are negligible. One such area is an island where groundwater is the only source
of fresh water. Groundwater is the prime source of fresh water on most of the atolls in the world. Groundwater on these islands
is in the form of thin fragile floating lens and is often vulnerable to overexploitation, draught, tidal waves, tsunami and
cyclone resulting in seawater ingress. Sustainable development of this meager source of fresh groundwater for a longer time
becomes a more difficult task on small atolls with a large population depending on this vital resource. To develop a sustainable
management scheme and identify the vulnerable part of aquifer, characterization of the aquifer system on islands is imperative.
Groundwater on an atoll is extremely vulnerable to seawater mixing through natural as well as human activities. One such natural
process is the tides of the ocean. The response of sea tide to the water table on the island offers valuable data as well
as cost-effective means to characterize an aquifer system. Such characterization is vital for the management of groundwater
resources on an atoll. The obtained results have compared well with the parameters obtained through a conventional pumping
test. Therefore, the use of tidal response to the water table, which can easily be recorded, provides a rapid and cost-effective
means to characterization of the aquifer system on the island. 相似文献
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A shallow alluvial coastal aquifer in the Batinah area of Oman, with sea-water intrusion that extends several kilometres inland, has been studied experimentally, analytically and numerically. The water table is proved to have a trough caused by intensive pumping from a fresh groundwater zone and evaporation from the saline phreatic surface. Resistivity traverses perpendicular to the shoreline indicated no fresh groundwater recharge into the sea. Using an analytical Dupuit-Forchheimer model, developed for the plain part of the catchment, explicit expressions for the water table, sharp interface location and stored volume of fresh water are obtained. It is shown that by the pumping of salt water from the intruded part of the aquifer, this intrusion can be mitigated. Different catchment sizes, intensities of fresh groundwater pumping, evaporation rates, water densities, sea level, incident fresh water level in the mountains and hydraulic conductivity are considered. SUTRA code is applied to a hypothetical case of a leaky aquifer with line sinks modeling fresh water withdrawal and evaporation. The numerical code also shows that pumping of saline water can pull the dispersion zone back to the shoreline. 相似文献
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地下水开采是导致地面不均匀沉降的重要因素之一,而地面不均匀沉降又会对桥梁结构造成较大的危害。通过离心模型试验研究了离心场中地基抽水对桥梁结构物的影响。在自主研制的离心场中地基抽水对结构物影响的模拟和测量系统基础上,测量了抽水过程中粉土地基中沉降的变化以及桥梁结构的变形分布规律,探讨了地面不均匀沉降对刚性桥梁、简支桥梁以及简支连续桥梁的影响规律。试验结果表明,水井抽水的初期非稳定渗流期是桥梁变形发展最快的阶段;减小桥垮长度以及桥面桥墩改用铰连接都可以使得桥面轴向应变减小;地基的水平位移会给刚性桥梁中部带来较大的变形 相似文献
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Groundwater vulnerability map of the Chrzanów karst-fissured Triassic aquifer (Poland) 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
A map shows intrinsic vulnerability to pollution of the Chrzanów karst-fissured aquifer (273 km2) in the southern part of Poland. This aquifer is intensively drained by numerous intakes and Zn-Pb ore mines. A DRASTIC-type parametric system was applied for groundwater vulnerability evaluation. Vulnerability assessment is based on six factors (depth to groundwater table, lithology of the unsaturated zone, net recharge, hydraulic conductivity of the aquifer, groundwater flow velocity, aquifer thickness). For the final vulnerability map construction at the scale of 1:50,000, a combination of the aquifer simulation model (using MODFLOW) and a geographical information system was applied. Maps of the net recharge, hydraulic conductivity of the aquifer and groundwater flow velocity were derived by aquifer modelling. Based on the vulnerability index (21-182), six relative vulnerability classes were selected. Reliability of the map has been verified. 相似文献
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依据实际观测的1984-2013年地下水水位资料、2013年地下水水质化验及2011年水利普查有关成果, 对甘肃省河西走廊疏勒河灌区地下水特征现状进行了分析. 结果表明: 疏勒河灌区地下水开发利用以农业用水为主, 1984-2013年30 a来地下水水位变化总体特征为稳中下降, 个别地方地下水位略有上升; 地下水埋深在1.30~80.00 m之间, 年内地下水水位随灌溉制度变化显著, 年调节能力强. 地下水水质均超Ⅲ类, 由于农业生产大量使用氮肥, 氨氮指标最大值超Ⅲ类标准0.7倍, 是造成灌区地下水面源污染的主要因素. 相似文献
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Field and laboratory studies of the sulphide-bearing tailings at Laver, northern Sweden, show that the present release of
metals from the tailings is low, especially with regard to Cu. A large part of the Cu released by sulphide oxidation is enriched
in a distinct zone just below the oxidation front. The enrichment zone occurs almost all over the tailings area except in
areas with a shallow groundwater table. The Cu enrichment is caused by formation of covellite and adsorption onto mineral
surfaces. The transport of Zn, Co, Cd, Ni and S seems to be controlled mainly by adsorption. No secondary zone or secondary
minerals containing these metals have been found. Just below the groundwater table, metals are released into solution when
the enrichment zone reaches the groundwater due to the low pH. An increased release of metals, especially Cu, can be expected
in the future, since the enrichment zone is moving towards the groundwater table.
Received: 4 December 1997 · Accepted: 17 December 1998 相似文献
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华北平原深层地下水的超采已引起了一系列的环境地质问题。为了从区域上认识深层地下水的超采情况以及由此引发的环境地质问题,分别以地下水开采潜力系数(深层地下水可利用量/现状开采量)、地面沉降量、多年平均水位下降速率为指标对地下水超采情况进行了计算和分析。结果表明,不同方法的计算结果具有一定的一致性。从区域上来看,深层地下水总体上处于超采状态,已无开采潜力。地下水开采程度指标采用以2003年为现状年的开采量,因此更多反映的是开采程度现状。利用地面沉降和多年平均水位下降速率计算的超采结果更多地反映了深层地下水开采历史所产生的环境地质问题。 相似文献