Single- and inter-station transfer functions for non-synchronous geomagnetic arrays — I. Theory of methods used in data analysis

Summary The theory of the multivariate coherence analysis(spectral domain approach) is developed for calculating single- and inter-station transfer functions and corresponding vector induction characteristics from time variations of the geomagnetic field components. An alternative approach of calculating similar induction characteristics using a time domain algorithm is shown.

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Short-term precursor of the geomagnetic horizontal field transfer functions

IntroductionThe history of studying the changes in deep geoelectric conductivity of an earthquake preparation using the parameters of geomagnetic short-period variations has been about 30 years. At first, Japanese calculated the real transfer functions as well as the a and b coefficients of Parkinson vector by taking the measurement of graph and using empirical formula. There are some examples, such as the 1923 Kanto M=7.9 earthquake (Yanagihara, 1972), the 1966 Tashkent M=5.5 earthquake, t…     

Wavelet analysis of geomagnetic field data

Variations in geomagnetic field data at different spectral frequencies and with different periods are observed during increased geomagnetic activity. The formed local structures depend on the field disturbance and contain information on the magnetic storm intensity and character of development. Numerical solutions and algorithms based on wavelet transforms, which make it possible to “automatically” detect periods of increased geomagnetic activity and identify and analyze the structures forming this process, have been proposed in order to study the time characteristics of geomagnetic field variations, using the H component as an example. The separated components, characterizing disturbances, make it possible to estimate variations in the field energy characteristics. An analysis of the constructed wavelet images makes it possible to trace the dynamics of variations in the H component the day before and during a magnetic storm.     

The anomalous reactions of the geomagnetic horizontal field transfer functions before Tangshan earthquake

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The results of wavelet-analysis of series of archaeomagnetic data on the geomagnetic field intensity

We analyze the results of wavelet analysis of series of archaeomagnetic data on the geomagnetic field’s intensity over the past 7500 yrs performed by Gurarii and Aleksyutin and presented in the paper “Wavelet Analysis of Basic Archaeomagnetic Series of Data on Geomagnetic Field Intensity over the Past 7500 Years” [Gurarii and Aleksytin, 2009]. The results in themselves are beyond question, but their interpretation given in the aforementioned paper is very controversial. Analyzing these results, we arrive at the conclusion that the periods of variations identified reliably (very strongly or identified in a long time interval) lie within certain bands with about 300-, 500-, 750-, and 1600-yr centerlines. The conclusion is drawn on the existence of general regularities in the behavior of geomagnetic field variations.     

山东地区地电场和地磁场观测数据对比分析研究

介绍了山东地区同时拥有地电场和地磁场观测的5 个电磁台站的基本概况,选取了各台2011 年度的观测数据,并对其观测资料质量进行了简要评价。重点对5 个台站的地电场和地磁场观测数据进行了全面、系统的对比分析,探寻了地电场、地磁场日变规律以及地电场、地磁场观测对各类干扰响应的区别与联系,为两种观测资料的分析处理提供了相互参考、相互借鉴的依据。     

1990—1991年中国地区主磁场变化—全国地磁台站资料质量分析结果

根据全国地磁台站资料质量评审中提供的信息,对全国台站1990-1991年地磁场三分量的年均值进行了分析,给出了年变率分布特征及相应的等值线图。     

地磁场水平梯度及高空地磁场的计算与分析

本文以2000.0年中国地区的实测数据为例,首先利用5阶Taylor多项式方法建立了各分量的地磁模型,接着对模型中各分量的纬度和经度进行微分,计算得到各分量的水平梯度值,并绘制了相应分量沿南北方向和东西方向的水平梯度分布图,最后通过Zmuda多项式方法,基于地面模型值以及水平梯度值计算了高空(100 km)的各分量磁场值,并分析了水平梯度分布规律以及各分量随垂直高度的变化.结果表明:地磁场北向分量X、垂直分量Z、总强度F和磁倾角Ⅰ分量的水平梯度主要随纬度变化,其中X、Z和F分量随纬度减少而梯度降低,东向分量y和磁偏角D分量的水平梯度不仅随纬度变化,而且随经度变化,F分量的南北向梯度值在我国中心地区最大.在垂直方向,X、Z和F分量的强度分别随高度的上升而近似线性减小,在100 km高度处,强度变化平均值分别为-4.629 nT/km、-15.368 nT/ km和-16.226 nT/km,y分量强度随高度上升而呈近似线性增加,其平均变化值为0.166 nT/km,而D和Ⅰ分量基本不发生变化.     

Wavelet analysis of paleomagnetic data: 3. Wavelet analysis of the basic series of archaeomagnetic data on the geomagnetic field intensity for the past 7500 years

We performed wavelet analysis of series of the magnetic field intensity obtained through archaeomagnetic studies in Bulgaria, Georgia, Central Asia, China, and Japan. The duration of the studied intervals is 2000, 4000, and more than 7000 yrs. It has been shown that periodic oscillations as well as those with varying characteristic times are present in this series. The distribution of oscillations with characteristic times up to 800–1000 yrs by periods, characteristic times, time, and place of their manifestation is random.     

Obtaining of information about the IMF evolution from an analysis of the geomagnetic field data

A comparison of the time variations in the geomagnetic field characteristics (the u and aa indices of geomagnetic activity) with the variation in the solar magnetic dipole inclination shows close agreement between these variations. The linear correlation coefficients between the u and aa indices, the u index and solar magnetic dipole inclination, and the aa index and solar magnetic dipole inclination are 0.93, 0.45, and 0.49, respectively. This makes it possible to extend studying the IMF evolution in the 11-year cycle of solar activity to the 170-year period beginning from 1835. It has been indicated that the time variation in the heliospheric current sheet (HCS) surface deviation from the solar magnetic equator plane, calculated based on the actual HCS configuration, is in good agreement with the time variation in the amplitude of the Fourier series second harmonics in a harmonic analysis of the series of daily data on the IMF sign in the vicinity of the Earth. The linear correlation coefficient is 0.9 in this case.     

地磁野外观测记录和回放软件的再研究

1　软件介绍本文软件的再研究设计和技术指标的编写是以《地震地磁野外测量规范》 (以下简称《规范》)为依据 ,并从地磁野外工作的特点和实用性出发。按要求地磁野外观测“组与组之间的时间间隔应不小于 5分钟”。为便于地磁数据的日变量图等进行通化处理 ,特规定每组地磁野外观测在一定的时间进行 (每时的 0 5分、 1 0分、 1 5分…… )。为达到这样的地磁野外观测的时间模式 ,地磁野外观测员或记录员就要准备能显示时、分、秒且走时较准确的电子表或其他电子时钟等。另外 ,时钟的时间和 PC-1 50 0 A的时钟要对准。PC-1 50 0 A所具有的ti…     

Spectral analysis of the multiple-altitude anomalous geomagnetic field

The spectra of the anomalous geomagnetic field measured at ground and balloon (30 km) altitudes were analyzed. The ground-based data were adapted from a map of the anomalous magnetic field of the Earth. A balloon surveys was carried out by the authors. It has been shown that the ground and balloon spectra of the anomalous magnetic field of the Earth substantially differ. Suppositions explaining the differences in the obtained spectra have been suggested.     

地磁秒采样数据智能分析系统软件

地磁秒采样仪器观测过程中,易受各种环境干扰造成数据异常,如磁暴、高压直流输电、人为干扰、仪器故障等,不易被发现并识别,若不能及时处理,将会造成观测数据质量下降。若诸多干扰与磁扰叠加,将更不易识别,导致数据的错误处理。为了提高观测质量,利用现有编程技术,开发地磁秒采样数据智能分析系统软件,实现对地磁观测仪器工作状态、各种干扰、磁暴等现象的实时监控和分析,及时发现异常并报警,同时利用多台数据对比智能分析软件,对复杂干扰和高压直流输电干扰进行自动识别,并数据曲线中标示干扰位置,提高数据资料处理的准确性和有效性。     

地磁正常场的选取与地磁异常场的计算

根据2003年中国地磁观测数据（包括135年地磁测点和35个地磁台）以及我国邻近地区38个IGRF计算点的地磁数据,计算中国地磁异常场的分布。选取两种地磁场模型作为地磁正常场,一是国际参考地磁场的球谐模型,二是中国地磁场泰勒多项式模型。根据各个测点的地磁异常值（观测值减去模型计算值）,用球冠谐分析方法计算地磁异常场的球冠谐模型,并绘制2003年中国地磁异常（△D,△I,△F,△X,△Y,△Z）。分析和讨论了中国地磁异常场。     

Spatial power spectra of the crustal geomagnetic field and core geomagnetic field

Lowes (1966, 1974) has introduced the function R_n defined by $\text{R}{}^{\mathrm{n}}\text{=(n + 1)}\text{∑}\text{m=0}\text{∞}\text{[(g}{}^{\mathrm{m}}{}_{\mathrm{n}}\text{)}{}^2\text{+ (h}{}^{\mathrm{m}}{}_{\mathrm{n}}\text{)}{}^2\text{]}\text{where}\text{g}{}_{\mathrm{n}}{}^{\mathrm{m}}\text{and}\text{h}{}_{\mathrm{n}}{}^{\mathrm{m}}$ are the coefficients of a spherical harmonic expansion of the scalar potential of the geomagnetic field at the Earth's surface. The mean squared value of the magnetic field B = ??V on a sphere of radius r > α is given by $\text{〈}\text{B}\text{·〉 =}\text{∑}\text{n=1}\text{∞}\text{R}{}^{\mathrm{n}}\text{(}\text{a/}\text{r}\text{)}{}^{\mathrm{2n=4}}\text{where}\text{a}$ is the Earth's radius. We refer to R_n as the spherical harmonic spatial power spectrum of the geomagnetic field.In this paper it is shown that Rⁿ = R^M_n = R^C_n where the components R_n^M due to the main (or core) field and R_n^C due to the crustal field are given approximately by $\text{R}{}^{\mathrm{M}}{}_{\mathrm{n}}\text{= [}\text{(n =1)/}\text{(n + 2)}\text{](1.142 × 10}{}^9\text{)(0.288}{}^{\mathrm{n}}\text{Λ}{}^2\text{R}{}^{\mathrm{C}}{}_{\mathrm{n}}\text{= [}\text{(n =1){[1 — exp(-n/290)]/}\text{(n/290)} 0.52 Λ}{}^2\text{where}\text{Iγ = 1 nT}$. The two components are approximately equal for n = 15.Lowes has given equations for the core and crustal field spectra. His equation for the crustal field spectrum is significantly different from the one given here. The equation given in this paper is in better agreement with data obtained on the POGO spacecraft and with data for the crustal field given by Alldredge et al. (1963).The equations for the main and crustal geomagnetic field spectra are consistent with data for the core field given by Peddie and Fabiano (1976) and data for the crustal field given by Alldredge et al. The equations are based on a statistical model that makes use of the principle of equipartition of energy and predicts the shape of both the crustal and core spectra. The model also predicts the core radius accurately. The numerical values given by the equations are not strongly dependent on the model.Equations relating average great circle power spectra of the geomagnetic field components to R_n are derived. The three field components are in the radial direction, along the great circle track, and perpendicular to the first two. These equations can, in principle, be inverted to compute the R_n for celestial bodies from average great circle power spectra of the magnetic field components.     

地磁转换函数方法之典型震例及数模对比

转换函数零线等值图在2003年新疆伽师-巴楚M_L7.0地震前密集交汇, 震后开始发散, 进一步证实了地磁转换函数方法对预测地震的有效性。 同时, 为适应全国地磁台站的记录数据由模拟向数字化的转变, 对模拟数据和数字化数据从时间序列和转换函数计算结果两方面进行了对比, 为下一步使用数字化数据计算转换函数进行地震预测研究打下了基础。     

关岛地磁转换函数的变化

分析了１９９０￣１９９５年关岛地磁台１ｍｉｎ值资料,得出转换函数Ａｕ的时间变化与关岛１９９３年８月大地震似乎有一定的关系,考虑到地磁转换函数的地方时效应,文中还对分析结果的可靠性作了一些评估。     

地磁短周期转换函数在地震预报中的应用

使用琼中地磁台、肇庆地磁台2004—2006年的高精度数字化地磁观测资料,采用地磁短周期转换函数研究方法,系统地分析了琼中、肇庆地磁台周边地区在此期间的地磁异常和地震的对应关系。研究结果表明,在2004年9月17日阳江M_L 5.2地震前,琼中、肇庆地磁台的地磁短周期转换函数A、B,有比较明显的前兆异常。