Treasure!

The word ‘treasure’ conjures an image of objects of silver and gold, perhaps encrusted with gemstones, and some treasures dug from the ground certainly match this image (Fig. 1 ). However, a theme that ran through the recent exhibition of Treasure at the British Museum was that the archaeological value of treasure does not depend only on its content of precious metals or gems. Many items recovered from archaeological sites are made from or include natural rocks, minerals and gemstones, so that geological and mineralogical techniques and interpretative approaches often make an essential contribution to their study. This article explores the role of scientific examination in realizing the full archaeological value of treasure.

Figure 1 Open in figure viewer PowerPoint Group of items from a Roman hoard, found at Thetford. These objects are not in Treasure but may be seen in Gallery 49 of the British Museum.     

三清山——中国的隐秘财宝

三清山地块地处中国东南部，具有独特的高山地貌，并以其特殊的群峰地貌而著称。基岩由白垩纪花岗岩侵入体组成。大规模发育的垂直节理导致形成高大的圆锥状的山峰、石塔、石柱和陡坡、峭壁，高度可达300m。山峰之间的峡谷和裂缝发育于强断裂带。巨大的高差形成了垂直地域植被分带。三清山具备国家公园和地质公园的条件。现在，正在努力把三清山向联合国教科文组织提名为世界遗产。     

Piltdown Man's ‘Treasure Map’

The ‘Maresfield Map’ is a map that purports to show features pertinent to the old iron industry in the Sussex Weald of southern England in 1724. It first appeared in a journal published by the Sussex Archaeological Society in early 1913, at roughly the same time as the formal publication by the Geological Society of London of papers introducing the discovery of the ‘remains’ of what became known as ‘Piltdown Man’ to the world. Piltdown Man was eventually revealed as fraudulent in 1953, followed by the Maresfield Map in 1974. Experiments in replication now show that the Maresfield Map is a sort of ‘treasure map’ (in a negative sense), which points fairly accurately to the supposed find‐spot of Piltdown Man, along with a coded accusation against Charles Dawson. The map's compiler is thought to have been L.F. Salzmann, the editor of the journal in which the map appeared. As such, the map represents the only such denunciation to have been published in the open literature in Dawson's lifetime, albeit a cryptic one. Mr Salzmann's possible motives are explored.     

小高层住宅之我见

近年来,我国的大中城市相继出现了大批小高层住宅,而且十分流行,并得到了居民及开发商的青睐与认可。从节约用地、城市景观、居民生活质量等角度出发,阐述了小高层住宅的优点,并与多层住宅、高层住宅相对照,指出了小高层住宅将成为未来20年住宅建设发展的流行形式。     

Experimental proof: Residence time distribution in cascadography

By applying the principles of residence time distribution, the fundamental theorem of Cascadography states that a set of particles with identical residence times with exit a Cascadograph in a cluster. Since the validity of all Cascadographs depends on the accuracy of this theorem, it must be experimentally verified. This theorem was experimentally proven for the first time in a working Cascadograph.     

住宅楼地基托换与纠偏实例

通过工程实例介绍对发生倾斜的住宅楼采用锚杆静压桩进行地基托换加固、顶升法纠偏的处理方法，并且总结了采用该法施工需要注意的一些问题。     

Residence time distribution functions of chemical elements in the ocean

The mean residence times of chemical elements in the ocean are usually evaluated assuming that supply and removal rates are equal. In this note, a general approach is developed which removes the above restriction. Considering a time scale larger than the homogenization time of the ocean (>10³ yr), the method allows evaluation of residence time distribution functions and of the corresponding moments.     

素混凝土桩在侯马高层住宅小区中的应用

在考虑工程地质条件和投资费用的前提下,介绍了素混凝土桩复合地基在侯马高层中的设计、施工工艺及处理效果,从而论证了素混凝土桩在侯马地区高层建筑地基处理中的可行性和实用性。     

高层住宅楼基坑支护工程的设计与施工

结合云南省地矿局职工住宅大楼基坑支护工程，详细介绍了灌注桩刚性支护方案的设计原则、有关设计计算及验算、施工工艺。     

用镭同位素评价海水滞留时间及海底地下水排泄

海底地下水排泄(submarine groundwater discharge, SGD)难以直接测量, 镭同位素和氡-222等天然示踪剂使得间接评价SGD通量成为可能.为了评价五缘湾的水体滞留时间和SGD通量, 实测了湾内海水、湾外海水和地下水中224Ra和226Ra的活度, 利用224Ra和226Ra半衰期的差异, 采用224Ra与226Ra的活度比值计算湾内水团的年龄和平均滞留时间, 利用224Ra和226Ra的质量平衡模型计算SGD通量.五缘湾13个站位的水团年龄在0.6~2.4 d之间, 湾顶水团年龄相对较大, 平均海水滞留时间1.4 d.地下水输入五缘湾的224Ra和226Ra通量分别为5.17×106 Bq/d和5.28×106 Bq/d, 将该通量用地下水端元的活度转换成为SGD通量分别是0.21 m3/m2/d(224Ra平衡模型)和0.23 m3/m2/d(226Ra平衡模型), 两种模型的结果较接近, 其平均值0.22 m3/m2/d可作为五缘湾的海底地下水排泄通量.