南阳市2005-03-11暴雪、寒潮天气过程分析

对南阳市2005年3月11日的暴雪、寒潮天气过程天气形势和物理量分析结果表明：500 hPa横槽转竖东移后,引导槽后强冷空气大举南下,是产生暴雪寒潮的必要条件.700 hPa南阳处于东西向切变线附近,位于辐合区内,受北方冷空气和偏南气流共同影响,产生了暴雪和寒潮天气.暴雪区产生于正涡度中心右前方、相对湿度〉90﹪的区域.     

南阳市2005-03-11暴雪、寒潮天气过程分析

对南阳市2005年3月11日的暴雪、寒潮天气过程天气形势和物理量分析结果表明500 hPa横槽转竖东移后,引导槽后强冷空气大举南下,是产生暴雪寒潮的必要条件.700 hPa南阳处于东西向切变线附近,位于辐合区内,受北方冷空气和偏南气流共同影响,产生了暴雪和寒潮天气.暴雪区产生于正涡度中心右前方、相对湿度>90﹪的区域.     

南疆西部一次暴雪天气诊断分析

对2005年2月16～18日南疆西部暴雪天气分析表明,暴雪是塔什干低涡与地面倒流冷空气共同作用的结果.物理量诊断分析表明暴雪出现在低层辐合上升强、高层辐散下沉弱的区域,这种高低空配置加剧了大气垂直上升运动及对流发展,使大量不稳定能量得以释放.     

阿尔山地区3～5月大一暴雪天气的预报

内蒙古阿尔山地区位于大兴安岭西南山麓的迎风坡，是冷空气频繁活动的地区。2001～2005年春季，在蒙古气旋影响下，每年3～5月都要出现1～2次大一暴雪天气过程，对此期间出现的7次大一暴雪天气过程进行统计分析，发现前期气象条件以及影响过程中所表现出的天气学特征都极为相似。分析总结阿尔山地区产生大～暴雪天气所具有的4种天气条件、8点共同特征，对报准该地区3～5月大一暴雪天气过程有着重要的指导作用。     

中国异常暴雪天气敲响气候变化警钟

<正>2009年11月以来,突如其来的暴雪冰冻天气席卷了中国北方多个省份,北方8省区900多万人因此受灾。15日起,冷空气又一路南下,致使长江中下游地区的多个省市遭遇罕见暴雪侵袭。     

2002年10月21～22日暴雪天气过程——T213物理量预报场的诊断分析

本通过对西宁地区一场秋季暴雪天气过程的分析，探讨了T213物理量预报场对该地区秋季暴雪过程的指示意义。结果表明：巴尔克什湖和萨彦岭横槽转竖和锋区南压，地面冷空气从南疆进入柴达木盆地迅速加强，对流层中低层辐合、高层辐散和高湿度区的维持，以及高空急流轴北抬加强是产生这次暴雪天气过程的主要原因。     

平顶山2006-01-18区域性暴雪天气过程分析

通过对2006年1月18~19日平顶山地区暴雪天气过程的高空环流形势、中低空低值系统的配置、近地层冷空气的配合及物理量场的分析,揭示了此次暴雪天气过程的成因,寻找出暴雪的预报着眼点。     

平顶山2006-01-18区域性暴雪天气过程分析

通过对2006年1月18～19日平顶山地区暴雪天气过程的高空环流形势、中低空低值系统的配置、近地层冷空气的配合及物理量场的分析,揭示了此次暴雪天气过程的成因,寻找出暴雪的预报着眼点.     

一次湖北暴雪天气的诊断与模拟

利用NCEP GFS资料分析了2007年1月15—16日鄂东南地区降雪过程,对造成暴雪过程的天气系统发生、发展背景场进行分析。并利用中尺度数值天气模式WRF模拟了这次暴雪过程,探讨了其发生发展的机制。天气系统的背景分析表明,这次暴雪过程主要是受700 hPa西南急流和地面冷空气的共同影响而产生的,降水过程与西南急流的变化密切联系。WRF模式较好地再现了此次暴雪的过程。模拟结果表明西南急流的减弱和移出,对应着降雪的开始和停止;在西南急流的左侧,由于低层涡度的增加,使低空辐合、高空辐散,在连续性原理和动力机制约束下导致上升运动的加强是该次暴雪的形成机制。模式结果说明,产生暴雪的上升运动要远小于产生暴雨的上升运动,且在暴雪过程中,中层为上升运动,近地层和高层伴随着下沉运动。     

门源地区一次暴雪天气形势分析

2017年4月14日至15日,青海省大部受北方冷空气东移南压的影响出现了一次强降温降水天气过程,门源出现了暴雪天气过程,12h累积降水量为16.6mm,雪深12cm。通过数值预报产品及常规资料对这次天气过程的环流形式进行分析,得出对流层上部东亚大槽偏浅、高原及其以东地区形势分布为西低东高型,500hPa高空场上巴尔喀什湖附近有一深槽,南支槽较浅,冷空气主力从北疆入侵;并且门源地区处于短波槽前,造成此次暴雪天气过程;充沛的水气输送、深厚的湿层为此次强降水天气提供了良好的触发条件。物理量场中的散度、垂直速度,水汽通量散度为此次降水也有较好的指示意义。     

Could the Recent Taal Volcano Eruption Trigger an El Ni?o and Lead to Eurasian Warming?

正The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth's climate and environment.     

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF VARIOUS DATA OF AIR–SEA TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE AND ITS VARIATION ACROSS SOUTH CHINA SEA IN THE PAST 35 YEARS

Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter.     

Analysis of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Height Characteristics over the Arctic Ocean Using the Aircraft and GPS Soundings

正ERRATUM to: Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters, 4(2011), 124-130 On page 126 of the printed edition (Issue 2, Volume 4), Fig. 2 was a wrong figure because the contact author made mistake giving the wrong one. The corrected edition has been updated on our website. The editorial office is sincerely sorry for any     

Index to Vol.31

正AN Junling;see LI Ying et al.;(5),1221—1232AN Junling;see QU Yu et al.;(4),787-800AN Junling;see WANG Feng et al.;(6),1331-1342Ania POLOMSKA-HARLICK;see Jieshun ZHU et al.;(4),743-754Baek-Min KIM;see Seong-Joong KIM et al.;(4),863-878BAI Tao;see LI Gang et al.;(1),66-84BAO Qing;see YANG Jing et al.;(5),1147—1156BEI Naifang;     

Information for Contributors

正Journal of Meteorological Research is an international academic journal in atmospheric sciences edited and published by Acta Meteorologica Sinica Press,sponsored by the Chinese Meteorological Society.It has been acting as a bridge of academic exchange between Chinese and foreign meteorologists and aiming at introduction of the current advancements in atmospheric sciences in China.The journal columns include Articles.Note and Correspondence,and research letters.Contributions from all over the world are welcome.     

前寒武纪气候演化中的三个重要科学问题

自地球形成至寒武纪将近40亿年（距今46亿～5.4亿年,通常称为前寒武纪）的气候演变是一个具有特殊难度和挑战性的研究领域,同时也是基础和前沿的研究领域。文章选择了前寒武纪气候演化中的三个重要科学问题进行综述：大气演化、两次全球性的冰川期以及暗弱太阳问题。关于大气演化,本文首先描述了大气成分的演化历史,然后简述了影响大气成分演化的三个基本过程：大气逃逸、两次大气氧含量突然增加、碳酸盐-硅酸盐循环及其对气候系统的负反馈作用。两次全球性的冰川期分别发生在古元古代（距今24亿～21亿年）和新元古代（距今8亿～5.8亿年）,文章简述了其成因以及相关的气候模拟结果。暗弱太阳问题是地球历史气候演化的一个经典问题,论文简要地综述了一些最新的研究成果和观点。     

淮河流域水文极值预测模型研究

为探索气候变化影响下水文极值的非平稳性和预测方法,建立了水文极值非平稳广义极值（GEV）分布的统计预测模型。利用1952-2010年淮河上游流域累计面雨量和流量年最大值资料、同期500 hPa环流特征量资料以及17个CMIP5模式对环流特征量的模拟结果,筛选出对水文极值影响显著的年平均北半球极涡强度指数作为GEV分布参数的预测因子。分析了在RCP2.6、RCP4.5和RCP8.5情景下2006-2050年淮河上游流域水文极值对气候变化的响应。结果表明,10年以下与10年以上重现期的水文极值在非平稳过程中呈现前者下降而后者上升的相反变化趋势;多模型预测的集合平均在未来情景中均呈现上升趋势,情景排放量越大增幅越大,重现期越长增幅也越大。与极值的常态相比,极值的极端态更易受气候变化影响。     

CHARACTERISTICS AND TRENDS OF CLIMATIC EXTREMES IN CHINA DURING 1959–2014

The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics.