管棚帷幕注浆法在煤矿巷道穿越破碎带中的应用

结合工程实例,详细介绍了煤矿巷道穿越含高压瓦斯破碎带的管棚帷幕注浆施工技术。     

Evolution of the Fractured Zone Above a Coal Face with a Large Mining Height: A Case Study of the Dahuangshan Coalmine,China

The characteristic of the distribution and evolution of the fractured zone has important guiding significance for gas drainage design. In this paper, the 2ZW11 face of the Dahuangshan coal mine was chosen as an engineering example, and the evolution of the fractured zone was analysed using physical and numerical simulations. The results showed that in the vertical direction, the heights of the fractured zone and the caved zone tended to be stable after the face advanced to 200 m. The heights of the two zones drawn from the physical and numerical simulations were supported by the field test. The traditional empirical formula may not be appropriate for predicting the heights of the two zones of working faces with large mining heights. In the horizontal direction, the bed-separated ratio of the overburden strata above the face position was slightly higher than that of the overburden strata above the open-off cut position. Finally, a high-level drainage was designed and undertaken in the 2ZW11 face.     

八达岭高速公路隧道破碎带中的减震爆破施工

八达岭高速公路隧道施工环境特殊，爆破施工必须按减震爆破设计，为此设计了孔内分段加孔外分段从而增加起爆段别、减少单响药量的施工方案，以达到减震爆破施工的目的。     

低瓦斯矿井瓦斯异常带地质特征识别

低瓦斯矿井的瓦斯异常带是发生煤矿事故的隐患。通过井田地质构造、煤层厚度及其结构、煤体结构、水文地质条件等瓦斯异常带地质特征分析表明,瓦斯异常带与地质异常带关系密切。对潘西矿后五块段瓦斯异常带进行了分析,发现F7-1下盘断块的煤层,除煤层瓦斯保存条件较好外,其上部受阻于F7-1断层,下部又有深部本煤层瓦斯补给,异常涌出的次数也最多。     

Analysis of the in situ Hydromechanical Behavior of a Fractured Calcareous Rock Mass

Summary. Hydromechanical experiments have been carried out since 1997 within a small fractured calcareous rock mass in southeastern France, at a site called Coaraze. Simultaneous measurements of fluid pressure and joint displacement were performed during these experiments. The interpretation generated has led to characterizing various types of hydromechanical behavior of the jointed rock mass and has provided several lessons. An original analytical interpretation, coupled with a modeling approach, has allowed one to derive the in situ normal joint stiffness, which proves to be highly non-linear. It has been shown that a coefficient able to take into account stiffness contribution from the surrounding rock mass must be included in order to fully interpret the pressure-displacement curves. This analytical interpretation also yields an estimate of the normal stress across the fracture. A comparison between in situ data and laboratory tests is also presented.     

矿井防水煤柱稳定性的理论研究

我国在地表水体及松散层水体下采煤的主要措施是留设与水体规模及煤层采动后覆岩破坏规律相适应的煤岩柱。     

Numerical Modeling of Hydraulic Fractures Interaction in Complex Naturally Fractured Formations

A recently developed unconventional fracture model (UFM) is able to simulate complex fracture network propagation in a formation with pre-existing natural fractures. A method for computing the stress shadow from fracture branches in a complex hydraulic fracture network (HFN) based on an enhanced 2D displacement discontinuity method with correction for finite fracture height is implemented in UFM and is presented in detail including approach validation and examples. The influence of stress shadow effect from the HFN generated at previous treatment stage on the HFN propagation and shape at new stage is also discussed.     

Fast Upscaling of the Hydraulic Conductivity of Three-Dimensional Fractured Porous Rock for Reservoir Modeling

Mathematical Geosciences - A fast upscaling procedure for determining the equivalent hydraulic conductivity of a three-dimensional fractured rock is presented in this paper. A modified...     

A Laboratory Study on Estimation of Shear Strength and Compaction Properties of Overburden Dump Material in Indian Coal Mines

The Transcaucasian intermountain area is part of the Caucasus segment of the Alpine-Mediterranean mountain belt. The continental intraplate basalts of the study area range in age from 6.10 ± 0.20 to 6.40 ± 0.20 Ma. The basalt erupted from monogenetic volcanoes are formed by lava flows and their pyroclastic equivalents. They are generally characterized by low volumes, are predominantly subalkalic with minor alkaline composition. The ultramafic xenoliths have not been identified in the basalts. The basalts may be subdivided into porphyritic and oligophyric groups. Fractional crystallization plays an important role in the petrogenesis of basalts. Almost all the studied samples showed different degrees of fractionation of olivine ± plagioclase ± clinopyroxene. No significant contamination of basalts with upper continental crustal material was confirmed by Rb/Sr and Rb/Ba ratios or by Sr, Nd isotopic and geochemical composition (⁸⁷Sr/ ⁸⁶Sr = 0.703683-0.704531±2; ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd = 0.512788-0.512848 ±10; ¹⁴⁷Sm/¹⁴⁴Nd = 0.1036-0.1144 ±2-3). The studied basalts display, compared to heavy rare earth elements (HREE), highly fractionated light rare earth elements (LREE) with La/Yb=9.25-24.00. This makes them similar to ocean island basalts (OIB), which is also evidenced by Ce/Pb, La/Nb, Zr/Nb, Zr/Y ratios. The Dy/Yb-La/Yb and Yb-La/Yb and ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr-¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd ratios indicating a “mixed” evolution of basalt-forming magmas. The basalt feeding magma chambers of the Transcaucasian intermountain area seem to be formed from a mixture of partial melting of Normal-MORB (Mid-Ocean Ridge Basalt) type upper mantle (garnet and spinel lherzolite) and EMII type components with strong ocean island basalts (OIB)-like signature.     

小型煤矿矿井涌水量预测方法探讨

矿坑涌水量的大小是反映一定充水条件下,矿坑充水程度的定量指标,该指标将做为矿山开采设计中制定防治水方案的依据.以河南省安阳县铜冶二矿为例,分别采用比拟法和解释法两种方法对该煤矿技术改造设计新井落底标高(-95 m)进行涌水量预测,对结果进行综合分析,参考该矿周边的生产情况,推荐矿设计新井落底水平(-95 m)矿井正常涌水量为60.22 m3/h,最大矿井涌水量为84.31 m3/h,并提出了建议.     

模糊评判方法在矿山防治水中应用

以淮南1某矿不同含水层水及采空区水数据为例,采用模糊评判方法对突水水源进行判别分析。结果表明：在原有Na＋＋K＋,Ca2＋,Mg2＋,Cl-,SO42-,HCO3-六个评判因子基础上,增加总硬度、碱度、PH值和矿化度等作为新的评判因子,其准确率由80％提高至100％。由此表明：判别准确性与样本个数没有直接关系,仅与选取样本代表性有关,选择合适评判因子是提高模糊评判可靠性。     

Influence of Coal Extraction Operation on Shaft Lining Stability in Eastern Chinese Coal Mines

In order to find the relationship between the shaft lining stability and the coal extraction operation, a 3D numerical model of strata layers and shaft lining was established for simulating the influence of coal extraction operation on shaft lining. Certain factors including mining depth, safety pillar width, mining width and mining height were taken as the influence factors in the simulation. The results indicated that the coal extraction could lead to the initiation of the failure in the aquifer and rock layers. As the mining depth increases, the shear strain increment in aquifer becomes small. In this case, the distance between mining panel and aquifer should be larger than 220 m and the safety pillar width should not <70 m. The maximum principal stress in aquifer had a little relation to mining operations. The mining panel width should not exceed 50 m without any support.     

Application Results of 3-D Seismic Exploration Technologyin Coal Mines

This paper briefly introduces the development and present situation of China's coal seismic exploration. It focuses on analyzing the important functions of 3-D seismic exploration technology in the designing and production of coal mines, and also the results of its application.     

基于D-InSAR技术的矿区地表沉陷监测研究

矿山开采可能诱发各种地质灾害,威胁矿区的社会稳定和居民的生命财产安全,快速准确监测矿区沉陷可有效预防地质灾害。本文以山西省大同煤矿为研究对象,获取2022年10月至2023年3月共13景Sentinel-1影像,基于合成孔径雷达差分干涉测量技术(Differential Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar,D-In SAR)进行地表沉陷监测研究,获取大同煤矿地表累计沉陷量,使用已有研究成果对比验证了本实验结果的可靠性。结果表明,大同煤矿沉陷分布较广,主要分布在大同市南郊区西部以及南郊区、怀仁市、左云县和山阴县四县市交界处,监测期间最大、平均沉陷量分别为381.43 mm、13.88 mm,总沉陷面积约为207.91 km2,根据7个重点沉陷区的时空变化特征及演化规律发现沉陷呈现持续扩张趋势,推断地表沉陷仍会持续较长时间。研究证明了In SAR技术在矿山开采沉陷监测的可靠性,为矿产资源管理工作提供新的技术方法,研究结果可为矿山开采沉陷治理和地质灾害防控提供参考依据。     

芦山地震前后龙门山断裂带西南段地应力状态对比分析

2013年4月20日芦山Ms7.0级地震后,为研究龙门山断裂带西南段震后的地应力状态,应用水压致裂法和压磁应力解除法在该区开展了2个钻孔的原地应力测量工作。测量结果显示硗碛测点在128～188m深度范围内最小水平主应力的量值为10.47～18.47 MPa,最大水平主应力的量值为19.60～25.83 MPa,方向为N63°～85°W;天全测点在114～142m深度范围内最小水平主应力的量值为5.20～7.73 MPa,最大水平主应力的量值为8.21～9.31 MPa,方向为N59°W。两个测点水平主应力与垂直应力的关系均为σ_Hσ_hσ_v,其中硗碛测点最大、最小水平主应力与垂直应力比值的平均值分别为5.27和3.01,天全测点最大、最小水平主应力与垂直应力比值的平均值分别为2.60和1.76,表明有利于逆断层活动。通过比较该地区芦山地震前后实测地应力状态,发现芦山地震后,龙门山断裂带西南段的北段(即邛崃大邑西-宝兴北-汶川南一带)和南段(即天全-荥经-泸定-康定一带)应力积累量增加。相同深度范围内,北段硗碛测点震后的应力大小要比地震前有明显的提高,这也与硗碛测点地应力监测结果一致。实测应力方向与震前基本一致,都为NW-NWW。基于实测地应力资料,根据库伦破裂准则和Byerlee定律分析,位于北段的硗碛测点震前部分压裂段的最大水平主应力处于使断层滑动临界值的上下限之间,而地震后最大水平主应力则均已超过断层滑动临界值的上限。位于南段的飞仙关测点震前最大水平主应力均未达到断层滑动临界值的下限,而地震后天全测点的最大水平主应力则均处于使断层滑动临界值的上下限之间。采用最大剪应力(σ_1-σ_3)/2与平均应力(σ_1+σ_3)/2的比值μ_m(断层摩擦)参数评估研究区地应力的积累水平和地震危险性。震前硗碛测点μ_m的量值为0.16～0.72,平均为0.50,震后为0.71～0.81,平均为0.77。震前飞仙关测点μ_m的量值为0.31～0.35,平均值为0.32,震后天全测点μ_m的量值为0.53～0.57,平均值为0.55,两个研究区的μ_m的量值均变大。分析认为芦山地震后龙门山断裂带西南段的北段和南段的应力积累量增加,都有发生断层滑动的可能性,尤其是北段。     

横向中梯电阻率法在充水破碎带调查中的应用

本文应用横向中梯电阻率法，查明了厦门美景花园工地地下破碎带的位置。与实际钻孔资料的对比表明，在工程地基勘察中，利用某些特殊的物探手段，能经济、有效地解决某些工程地质问题。     

磷灰石Sr-Nd同位素的激光剥蚀-多接收器电感耦合等离子体质谱微区分析

磷灰石是常见的副矿物,具有较高的Sr-Nd含量和较低的Rb含量,对其微区Sr-Nd同位素组成的准确测定可以为精细地质作用过程的探讨提供重要的地球化学信息.激光剥蚀-多接收器电感耦合等离子体质谱(LA-MC-ICPMS)具有分析速度快、分析精度高和空间分辨率高的特点,特别适合大量细颗粒磷灰石样品的Sr-Nd同位素分析,而同位素干扰的精确扣除和仪器质量歧视校正是原位微区分析准确获得Sr-Nd同位素比值的关键.本文利用LA-MC-ICPMS技术,综合最新发表的Kr、Rb、稀土二价离子及钙聚合物对Sr同位素的干扰扣除方法和Sm对Nd同位素的干扰扣除方法,对仪器的质量歧视进行了校正,建立了磷灰石原位Sr-Nd同位素分析方法.用此方法对一个磷灰石国际标准样品Durango和两个实验室标准Apatite 1和PE进行了详细的Sr-Nd同位素测定,结果表明,对Sr-Nd含量足够高的磷灰石样品可以准确地获得其Sr-Nd同位素组成,测试结果与文献报道值或热电离质谱(TIMS)测试值在误差范围内一致,Sr同位素的测试精度＜0.015％ (2SD),Nd同位素的测试精度＜0.005％ (2SD),达到了国际同类实验室水平;且三个磷灰石标准样品同位素组成较为均一,都是理想的原位Sr-Nd同位素分析参考物质.     

Emplaced Geotechnical Characteristics of Hydraulic Fills in a Number of Australian Mines

Hydraulic fills used in Australian mines have similar grain size distributions whilst having quite different specific gravity values, typically in the range of 2.7–4.4. When produced and distributed in slurry at 65–75% by solid content, they settle to produce fills with similar geotechnical characteristics. The fills under investigation have been found to settle, in the laboratory, to a dry density of about 0.56 × specific gravity, a saturation water content of about 17–34%, and a porosity of 37–49%. A quick estimate of the optimum water content that gives the minimum porosity may be obtained by locating the intersection of the saturation curve and minimum porosity line, which may simply be done on a water content vs. porosity plot. However, transportability of the slurry requires it to be mixed at water content substantially greater than the optimum water content. As the tailings settle out of suspension, they settle to relative density of 50–80%. This paper shows that the current empirical relationships relating relative density and N-value to friction angle for sands will significantly underestimate the friction angle of the hydraulic fills. Based on limited experimental data, a unique relationship between relative density and friction angle is proposed for hydraulic fills placed in some Australian mines.