顺层岩质边坡锚杆拉剪作用力学性能

锚杆能够显著增强顺层岩质边坡的稳定性.基于顺层边坡结构效应,应用锚杆加固顺层边坡的力学模型,根据结构力学理论和变形协调关系,建立拉剪作用下全长粘结型锚杆加固顺层边坡抗剪计算的理论分析方法.与相关试验数据进行了比较验证,结果表明顺层边坡锚固抗力模型计算结果与试验结果比较一致,验证了理论模型的合理性.讨论了锚杆倾角、锚杆直径、灌浆体强度、结构面内摩擦角、剪胀角等对加锚顺层岩体抗剪性能的影响.分析表明:锚杆锚固抗力模型能够较好地反映锚杆轴力及横向剪切力对顺层岩质边坡的抗剪作用.锚杆倾角越大,锚杆总的抗力呈减小趋势,而锚杆抗力随剪胀角增大而增加;当锚杆倾角等于内摩擦角时,锚杆抗力达到最大;锚杆抗力随锚杆直径增加而增大;当锚杆直径不变时,锚杆抗力随灌浆体抗压强度增大而有所减小.      

节理岩体中锚索加固作用分析

简要介绍了锚索加固技术的应用,并对全长粘结式锚索在节理岩体中的锚固作用机理进行初步分析,同时对节理岩体中锚索加固的抗拉粘结强度及抗剪切强度的影响因素进行了分析。     

高边坡锚,网,喷永久支护防震设计与施工

介绍某边坡工程采用锚、网、喷联合支护取代重力式挡土墙护坡，取得良好技术、经济效益的经验。     

系统锚杆对三峡船闸高边坡岩体加固作用的块体相似模型试验研究

通过室内相似模型试验，对三峡船闸高边坡岩体的分离块体经系统锚杆加固后，其抗压强度、弹性模量及Ｃ、值的提高、锚固岩体的各向异性进行了初步研究，得出了相应的结论。     

膨胀土路基的应对措施

在膨胀土地基上修筑公路路基或采用膨胀性土作为公路路基填料时，受外界因素如地质、水文、气候环境等影响，往往产生道路基底的交替升降变形，路堤压实度的反复变化；在较大路基填挖段，应力与变形的改变与重复更迭，使道路的强度及稳定性发生变化，产生溜坍、滑坡、纵向开裂等病害，最终造成公路路基、路面与构造物的破坏。结合工程实践经验，对膨胀土路基的设计与施工提出一些浅见。     

The Precision of Classical Rock Analysis

Three rock reference samples. W-2, DNC-1, and BIR-1, were analysed five times over several months by classical chemical methods using a Youden Square as the experimental design. A significant variation for the data classified by months was found for SiO₂, CaO, H₂O^-, and TiO₂ among the 15 constituents determined. Nevertheless, most standard deviations for the five data for each oxide in any sample, as well as the error standard deviations from the analyses of variance, are less than or approximately equal to the allowable difference between duplicate determinations traditionally used as limits of error. We also determined nine constituents in three portions each of two samples, W-2 and DNC-1, the six portions being analysed concurrently. F ratios for 16 comparisons of the variances of the five data for an oxide obtained over several months and of the three data determined as a group were significant for only one oxide, total iron as Fe₂O₃ in W-2. We conclude that, if a chemist analyses rock samples carefully, the variation of the determinations will be the same for portions analysed as a group, or analysed over a time interval.     

Analysis of Cracking in Rock Salt

Summary ?The use of underground mines in salt-rock formations for waste repositories makes the precise analysis of isolation properties of rock salt very important. One of the main mechanisms responsible for a degradation of isolation ability of the rock salt is the generation and development of cracks under influence of mining processes. Various aspects of cracking in salt rocks are studied – both in situ and in laboratory tests – for rocks of the world's largest Verkhnekamskoe potash-ore deposit (Russia). It is shown that not all the discontinuities (fractures) are closed in the course of the creep deformation of rocks. Parameters of cracking are determined for various conditions: age of pillars, mining technology, etc. Different methods – filtration, electrometric, nuclear magnetic resonance, mechanical tests – are used for crack observation and characterisation, both in specimens and in situ. Traditional investigations (partly with specially designed equipment) are accomplished by the testing methods of fracture mechanics for determination of critical values of stress intensity factors K _Ic and K _IIc. The problems and ways of the use of the obtained results in analysis of isolation properties for areas in vicinity of underground mines and/or waste repositories are discussed.     

Discrete Element Modeling of Rock Fragmentation upon Impact in Rock Fall Analysis

A discrete element code has been used to simulate impact-induced rock fragmentation in rock fall analysis using a simplified impact model inspired by the theory of vibrations for foundations on elastic media. The impact velocity, the angle of incidence, pre-existing fractures, and the ground stiffness all play important roles in impact fragmentation. Based on the simulation results, impact fragmentation occurs locally at the impact zone without generating large fragments for a homogeneous rock block. Large fragments are generated only when there are open pre-existing fractures in the rock block or when there are fully persistent closed fractures. Softer ground tends to reduce the potential for impact fragmentation. Energy transformation and failure occur only during impact including approach and restitution stages. Friction energy loss accounts for most of the energy loss during the fragmentation process, while tensile cracking energy loss is not significant.     

膨胀式封隔器在地层测试中的应用

本文介绍了地层测试器的工作原理及膨胀式封隔器的发展历史和国内外现状,分析了膨胀式封隔器的结构和工作原理,设计了封隔器坐封性能测试装置,通过模拟井下封隔器工作环境,测试其坐封和自动解除坐封性能,在测试井进行了双封隔器坐封测试,验证了膨胀式封隔器的良好性能。膨胀式封隔器在地层测试器上的成功应用,为其他能源勘探开发仪器封隔器的应用提供了重要的参考价值。     

粗碎屑岩的粒度分析

很少有人在砾岩中进行粒度分析,所以这方面可资参考的资料寥寥无几。本文以义马组砾岩段冲积扇砾岩为例,从工作方法、资料分析、理论探讨等方面讨论粗碎屑的粒度分析。     

裂隙化岩体中圆形断面调压井围岩稳定性分析

块体理论是适用于裂隙化岩体变形失稳分析的有效方法。运用块体理论赤平投影法研究某水电站超大型调压井围岩随机块体的稳定性,将圆形断面调压井开挖临空面抽象简化为八个方位的边墙加以研究,分析了井周各部位可能的关键块体及其运动形式,计算了关键块体的净滑力。分析结果对工程施工具有可靠的现实指导作用,为锚固设计和永久衬砌设计提供了依据,可供类似工程参考。     

岩石边坡稳定的可靠度分析

在岩石边坡稳定可靠度分析中,利用贝叶斯方法对断层带抗剪强度参数进行分析,充分利用滑动面以外的地质信息和现场实践经验,较好地解决了小样本实验数据问题。可靠度分析采用离散化降维解法,以原工程采用的边坡稳定设计分析方法为基础,编制了相应的ＲＳＳＡＰ程序,在该程序中直接调用原设计程序,确保工程结构的可靠度设计和评价与现行工程设计方法的和谐统一。     

裂隙岩体边坡稳定性分析方法

岩石边坡，尤其是裂隙岩体边坡稳定性分析应考虑岩体中结构面的产状、性质和发育程度。对随机发育的岩体结构面，赤平极射投影是确定优势结构面及分析边坡潜在破坏模式的基础。以某电厂高100m以上岩石高边坡为例，介绍了采用赤平投影图解法及极限平衡法，进行岩体边坡稳定性分析的方法。