北京大安山煤矿井下深孔钻探实践

北京大安山煤矿地表只有少数钻孔控制到+550 m水平,为探明下部煤层赋存条件,提高资源储量级别,应用ZDY1000G型全液压坑道钻机、S75绳索取心钻进工艺进行了硐内深孔钻探,完成了坑道内试验钻探孔深505.17 m。随之在2012-2014年共计钻探进尺8237 m,勘探增加资源储量1877.7万t。深孔钻探技术不仅加快了对深部水平煤层的勘探,探明了深部水平煤层赋存条件。为开拓工程部署提供了可靠的地质资料,而且减少了巷探成本,提高了工程效率。本文对井下硐内深孔钻探进行了介绍。     

液动潜孔锤钻进技术在潘一煤矿井下穿层钻孔中的应用

以穿层钻孔方式进行松软煤层瓦斯预抽采极大地克服了松软煤层瓦斯治理难的问题,然而部分矿区煤层顶（底）板岩石坚硬,影响了钻孔施工效率。结合地质岩心钻探的优势,将液动潜孔锤与高强PDC钻头结合应用于煤矿井下穿层瓦斯抽采孔施工中。淮南潘一煤矿现场试验表明,该工艺方法较传统回转钻进方法,钻进效率提高了83%,钻头进尺寿命提高近5倍,具有良好的经济性能。采用清水为冲洗介质,无粉尘污染,噪声污染小,较为适合空间狭小的煤矿井下巷道施工。     

煤炭地下气化过程中顶板岩层移动特征的研究

采用热弹塑性模型,运用有限元软件,对煤炭地下气化的整个过程进行模拟,得出了煤炭地下气化过程中顶板岩层不同位置处的位移,并将其结果与传统煤炭开采的结果进行对比。结果表明:煤炭地下气化和煤炭开采过程中,顶板岩层移动曲线符合负指数函数关系;煤炭气化顶板岩层下沉速度比煤炭开采下沉速度快,且垂直位移较大;离煤层顶板越近,垂直位移越大,特别是直接顶位移急剧增大。     

Effect of Mine Water on the Stability of Underground Coal Mine Roadways

The basic objectives of mine roadways are to provide sufficient cross sections to accommodate equipment, transport, personnel travel and ventilation. However, many roadways become damaged to the extent of needing maintenance, generally dinting, and in some cases requiring re-ripping. Strata conditions play important effects on stability of roadways and other mining activities. Weak rocks cause excessive roadway closures, and water softens some rocks and worsens the closure problem. Therefore, study on effect of mine water on the stability of underground coal mine roadways is important for underground coal mine development. A scientific discussion on the effect of water on the stability of roadways is given on the basis of results obtained by means of field investigation and laboratory tests. Based on analysis, rock in saturated condition has only between 0.19 to 0.49 of its compressive strength and 0.17 to 0.59 of its tensile strength in dry condition. Among the coal measures rock in research area, water has the most obvious effect on the strength reduction of shale. The slaking behavior of shale has also been the worst among the other. Field investigation of roadway driven in shale shown vertical closure in the wet and dry condition area reached 40–60 and 5–15 cm respectively, in 30 days after the drivage. Among the measures, drainage is considered to be the most economical and simplest method to reduce the water content in the rocks or the rock masses.     

Reinforcing Coal Mine Roof with Polyurethane Injection: 4 Case Studies

NIOSH has recently completed a study of the interaction between polyurethane (PUR) and coal mine roof in order to determine the mechanism of reinforcement, in both highly fractured rock and unfractured rock. Four case studies of PUR reinforcement are presented. At a West Virginia site, a borehole camera revealed the location of roof voids and guided the PUR injection. By injecting polyurethane into a zone from 0.6 to 1.8 m (2–6 ft.) high in the roof, a roof beam was created and ongoing intersection falls were halted. In another highly fractured roof in a western Pennsylvania mine, a total of 5.8 cm (2.3 in.) of rubbleized rock was found in a zone up to 3 m (10 ft.) into the roof. Untargeted PUR injection filled approximately 1/2 of the fractures. These two case studies showed that it is not necessary to fill up 100% of the void space to create stability. In the other two field sites, polyurethane was injected into weak, but unfractured roof. Post-injection video monitoring showed that weak bedding planes were hydraulically wedged open and polyurethane injected along bedding. The reinforcement value of this injection method is limited because of the wafer-thin layer of PUR introduced along bedding, and the lack of a PUR “webbing” which would serve as a structural framework to provide strength. It was determined that video inspection prior to PUR injection can aid in identifying the fracture zones to target, and minimize “blind” pumping and loss of PUR.     

郑州煤矿区井下水文观测孔施工技术

郑州地区煤矿水文观测孔以前均在地面施工,由于施工和维护成本较高,近年来逐渐推广在井下施工。2013年国家煤矿安全监察局将《高压水探放技术与装备》列入《水害防治关键技术与装备研究课题》。随着井下钻探技术和装备日趋成熟,特别是井下专用探放水钻机、孔口防喷装置、松软破碎地层跟管钻进技术、硬岩层高效定向钻进技术等方面的难题相继被攻克,煤矿井下钻探已实现了安全型作业。针对井下钻探施工的特殊性,主要从水文观测孔施工难点和解决方法进行了详细阐述,包括设备选型、钻孔定位、破碎地层潜孔锤跟管钻进、固井和井控防喷以及成孔后酸化洗井等方面。     

对穿预应力锚索在煤矿井下地质病害治理中的应用

胡家河矿井副井马头门因处于软岩地层中,在副井井筒安装中发生了较大的变形破坏,经分析论证对比,确定采用注浆锚索加固,通过对穿预应力锚索与短锚杆相结合,以锚索为主的加固方法进行施工,使软岩破坏变形趋于稳定,治理效果良好。     

贵州木孔煤矿顶板地下水特性及水害防治

通过对该矿区水文地质条件的分析,找出了顶板岩溶地下水的基本规律并提出了矿床开采过程中矿坑水害防治方法。     

姚桥矿地下水化学特征及在矿井水源判别中的意义

姚桥矿地下水系统包含四个子系统：新生界孔隙含水层组，煤系砂岩裂隙含水层组，太原群石灰岩溶隙含水层组及奥陶系灰岩岩溶含水层组。通过对这四个子系统水文地球化学特征的系统研究，提出了各子系统所特有的水质模型，并确定出能作为矿井水源判别依据的水溶组分，为矿井防治水提供水化学特征依据。     

某地下洞室围岩松动区深度的测试与分析

地下洞室开挖后,地应力重新分布,在洞室围岩周围形成一定深度的松动区,松动区深度的确定对评价围岩稳定性和指导洞室支护设计都具有重要意义。利用围岩超声波测试成果和施工期位移监测成果,通过对比分析确定出某洞室围岩松动区的深度范围,为选择合理的围岩支护参数提供依据。     

煤矿井下水文钻孔水瓦斯混合喷涌综合治理

在煤矿井下水文地质钻探施工过程中遇到水与瓦斯混合喷涌并严重威胁施工安全难题。先采用注浆法封堵失败。针对这样的难题,设计应用了3套装置——钻具防喷器、孔口柔性密封防喷器,水淹闭式水气分离器进行综合治理。效果明显。     

Analysis on the Regular of Underground Pressure in Large Dip Angle Coal Seam with Soft Roof and Floor

Geotechnical and Geological Engineering - The dip angle of coal seam in Guanyinshan coal mine is between 32° and 39° and the first mining area is X11 and X12. According to the caving...     

Rock Mass Stability Investigation Around Tunnels in an Underground Mine in USA

Stability and deformation of rock masses around tunnels in underground mines play significant roles on the safety and efficient exploitation of the ore body. Therefore, understanding of geomechanical behavior around underground excavations is important and necessary. In this study, a three-dimensional numerical model was built and stress analyses were performed by using 3DEC software for an underground mine in USA using the available information on stratigraphy, geological structures and mechanical properties of rock masses and discontinuities. Investigations were conducted to study the effect of the lateral stress ratio (K₀), material constitutive models, boundary conditions and rock support system on the stability of rock masses around the tunnels. Results of the stress, displacement, failure zone, accumulated plastic shear strain and post-failure cohesion distributions were obtained for these cases. Finally, comparisons of the deformation were made between the field deformation measurements and numerical simulations.     

浅谈煤矿井下全液压钻机的设计要点

结合ZDY3200S型全液压钻机及其在生产实际中的应用情况,阐述了煤矿井下全液压钻机设计时,钻机的总体布局、确定基本参数的要求、钻机机械传动主要部件的结构及钻机的特点。     

Exploratory Study of Archaebacteria and their Habitat in Underground,Opencast Coal Mines and Coal Mine Fire Areas of Dhanbad

Coal contains abundant microbial genera which include archaebacteria. The study of archaea kingdom in coal mines is a significant tool for knowing the relationship between coal and archaebacteria, the major role in geochemical cycle and application for further coal bio–beneficiation. The present study related to exploration of archaebacteria and their habitat in coal mining area of Dhanbad with reference to their ecology and nutrient availability that have evolve to grow under extreme conditions. Total six different sites such as two underground coal mines (Sudamdih shaft and Chasnalla underground mine), two opencast coal mines (Chandan project and Bhowra abandoned mine), Jharia mine fire and Sudamdih coal washery of Dhanbad was selected. Seven gram negative obligate anaerobic bacteria were isolated from the selected sites. The isolated species were rod and cocci shaped and the colony was round, smooth, off white in colour and with entire margin and little are cluster of cocci in shape. The isolated species were identified as Methanococcus spp, Methanobacterium spp and Methanosarcina spp. Apart from that two thermoacidophilic sulfur oxidizing bacteria Sulfolobus spp was also isolated from Jharia Coal Mine Fire. The physicochemical and biological characterization of the habitat was also studied for the entire selected area.     

煤矿井下水平定向钻进技术与装备的新进展

煤矿井下定向钻进技术作为一项工程领域的新技术,已经广泛应用于煤矿井下瓦斯抽采、防治水、地质勘探和精确工程钻孔施工等领域。经过在国内30多个矿区推广应用,煤矿井下定向钻进技术和装备逐渐完善并取得新进展,形成了ZDY12000LD型大功率定向钻机、无线随钻测量系统、地质导向钻进装置及复合定向钻进工艺。结合现场试验完成了主孔深度1881 m的煤层定向长钻孔和1026 m岩层定向长钻孔,充分说明了ZDY12000LD型钻机功率大、钻进及事故处理能力强,无线随钻测量系统测量精度高,配套复合定向钻进技术形成的钻孔孔壁光滑、沉渣少、钻孔曲率小,钻进效率高。     

煤矿井下精准对穿巷道疏放水孔定向成孔技术研究

针对钱营孜煤矿西三轨道上山精准对穿巷道疏放水钻孔施工距离长、精度要求高、地层断层成孔性差等技术难点,通过对大功率定向钻进装备优选、钻孔轨迹精确设计、钻孔轨迹精准控制、复合定向钻进强排渣等方面的技术研究,实现疏放水孔钻进至443 m从目标巷道预定区域精确对穿贯通,上下误差0.19 m,水平位移误差1.72 m,自2017年10月28日巷道贯通后,截止2017年12月1日总出水量3200 m3,有效保障西三轨道上山和西三回风上山的掘进安全。     

Study on Reasonable Coal Pillar Width of Gob-Side Roadway Excavating with Multi-Layer Hard Roof in Western Deep Mine

Geotechnical and Geological Engineering - Gob-side roadway excavating could not only notably reduce the loss of coal resources and improve the coal recovery rates, but also greatly mitigate the...