Ecological risk assessment and early warning of heavy metal cumulation in the soils near the Luanchuan molybdenum polymetallic mine concentration area,Henan Province,central China

The Luanchuan molybdenum polymetallic mine concentration area is rich in mineral resources and has a long history of mining. The environmental impact of long-term mining activities cannot be ignored. It is of great significance to study the ecological risk and the accumulation trends of heavy metals in the soil of mining areas for scientific prevention and control of heavy metal pollution. Taking the Taowanbeigou River Basin in the mine concentration area as the research object, the ecological p...     

On the metallogenesis of Dajing Cu-Sn-polymetallic ore deposit, Inner Mongolia, China

The Dajing Cu-Sn-polymetallic ore deposit is famous for its large scale, abundant associated elements, narrow and closely-spaced development of ore veins and high grade, but exploration within the mining district and its deeper parts has revealed no Yanshanian rockbody. Therefore, there have been proposed a diversity of hypotheses on the genesis of the deposit. The authors, from the angle of mantle-branch structure, provided evidence showing that the mining district is located in the core of the Da Hinggan Ling mantle-branch structure, the multi-stage evolution of mantle plume paved the way for the ascending of deep-source ore fluids and these fluids extracted part of the ore-forming materials. Then, these ore-forming materials were concentrated in the favorable structural loci (e.g. structural fissures) to form ores. The orientation of ore-forming and ore-controlling fissures is closely related to the regionally structural stress field at the metallogenic stage. The zonation of Sn, Cu, Au, Ag, Pb, and Zn within the mining district appears to be related to metallogenesis and the crystallization temperature of ore-forming materials. Mineralization of Sn, Cu, Au, etc. which require relatively high crystallization temperature and pressure is in most cases recognized in the central part of the mining district, while that of Ag, Pb, Zn, etc. which require relatively low crystallization temperature and pressure is, for the most part, produced in the periphery of the mining district.     

MICROSCOPICAL STUDY OF THE SHUIKOUSHAN LEAD-ZINC DEPOSIT IN CHANGNING DISTRICT, S. HUNAN

INTRODUCTION Shuikoushan is the most important and well known mining district for production of silver, lead, zinc and pyrite in China. It is situated at about 65 li N. E. of Changning, 90 li S. of Hengyang and 620 li from Changsha, the Capital of Hunan. It has been visited by many geologists and mining     

The Geology and Tectonic Settings of China＇s Mineral Deposits by Franco Pirajno. Springer Verlag, Berlin, 2013, 679 pp. ISBN： 978-94-007-4443-1

China is the third largest country in the world,with a land area of about 9.6 million km2.It is endowed with abundant mineral resources,and the metal mining activity can be traced back to ca.8000 years ago.However,due to language barrier,little has been known about the geology and tectonics to the outside world until 1980s.In the last three decades,a great deal of knowledge has been gained,enhanced by a vigorous cooperation between Chinese and Western geologists.Research papers about geological,geochemical,and geochronological features of mineral deposits of China are widely published and cited in international journals.A comprehensive and comprehensible English literature that summarises the features of mineral deposits in China,however,is still lacking.     

Environmental geology problems caused by mining activities in Panzhihua iron mine

The Panzhihua iron mine, a famous V-Ti magnetite mine in our country, is composed of the Jianshan, Lanjiahuoshan and Zhujiabaobao ore areas. It has caused many ecological problems in the Panzhihua iron mine after nearly 40 years of mining, which has severe impact on safe mining and has brought huge economic losses. This paper begins with the environmental geological problems caused by unloading （mining） and loading （mine dump） that is then resulted from mining activities. The paper then analyses and studies the cause and development of every environmental geological problem as well as the formation of geological disasters （landslip, coast and landslide） from two aspects： geological disasters and environmental geological problems caused by mining activities. Meanwhile, the paper puts forward suggestions about prevention and management of mine. It is found that material unloading in the Panzhihua iron mine has made the originally stable geological body be less stable, and has formed much disastrous slope. The resulted geological disasters include landslip, landslip, etc. Material loading, i.e. mine dump, has caused a huge artificial loose stack piled up in valleys. The steep slopes can easily result in geological disasters, such as landslip, landslide, debris flow, etc. Till now, there have been over10 times geological disasters caused by material unloading, and over 20 times caused by material loading. The economic loss has been over 0.1 billion yuan RMB. It is also found that the major impact of mining on environment is the pollution of soil and water caused by heavy metals. Besides this, powder is also another source of pollution.     

Changes of Precipitation Infiltration Recharge in the Circumstances of Coal Mining Subsidence in the Shen‐Dong Coal Field,China

Coal mining subsidence is a universal environmental-geological problem in mining areas. By selecting the Shen-Dong coal mining subsidence area as the research field, this paper studies the changes in precipitation infiltration recharge in the circumstances of coal mining subsidence by means of field geological investigation and laboratory simulation experiments, which is expected to provide a scientific basis for eco-environmental restoration in the mining area. The results indicate that at the unstable stage of subsidence, three types of subsidence in the Shen-Dong mining area have positive effects on the precipitation infiltration recharge, and the type of full-thickness bedrock subsidence has the greatest influence. In the stable stage of subsidence, the precipitation infiltration process after long-term drought and the moisture migration in the aeration zone undergo three different stages: evaporation-infiltration before precipitation, infiltration-upward infiltration-infiltration during precipitation and evaporation-infiltration after precipitation. During a heavy rainfall infiltration process, the wetting front movement in fine sand, coarse sand and dualistic structure of fine-coarse sand consists of two stages: the stage of wetting front movement during precipitation, in which the wetting front movement distance has linear relationship with the depth, and the stage of wetting front movement after precipitation, in which the wetting front movement distance has the power function relationship with the depth. The wetting front movement velocity is influenced by the rainfall amount and the lithology in the aeration zone. However, as the depth increases, the movement velocity will decay exponentially.     

Eco-Environmental Geochemistry of Heavy Metal Pollution in Dexing Mining Area

An eco-environmental geochemical investigation was carried out in and around the Dexing mining area to determine the concentrations of heavy metals in the surface water, sediments, soils and plants. The main objective of this study is to assess the environmental situation and evaluate the transferring of heavy metals from mining activities into the food chain. Some samples of water, sediment, topsoil and plant were collected along the Lean River in the Dexing mining area. The total concentrations of Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, and As were determined by AAS, and Hg was analyzed by cold-vapor AAS. Some indices such as ‘contamination degree‘ , ‘geoaccumulation index‘ , and ‘biological absorption coefficient‘ were used to assess eco-environmental quality. The investigation indicated a highly localized distribution pattern closely associated with the two pollution sources along the Le‘an River bank: one is strong acidity and a large amount of Cu in the drainage from the Dexing Cu mining area; and the other is the high concentrations of Pb and Zn in the effluents released from many smelters and mining, processing and extracting activities in the riparian zone. Results from the investigated localities indicated, at least in part, that some problems associated with environmental quality deterioration should be solved in the future.     

Assessment of cadmium contamination in the sediments of Changjiang （Yangtze） River by reflectance spectroscopy

The Takab area in NW of Iran is an important gold mineralized region with a long history of gold mining. In this study ASTER data is used to evaluate environmental effects of gold mining. The results show that mining activities have resulted in release of potentially toxic metals （PTMs） in the area. Principal component analysis （PCA） of ASTER data is used to map sources of PTMs and their secondary hosts （iron oxides） through alteration mapping. The results show that selective PCA is a robust yet time consuming technique for alteration mapping. A color composite is created for finding common hydrothermally altered rocks. The created color composite successfully mapped the known deposits and anomalous areas identified by geological survey of Iran. Because of the low spatial resolution of ASTER sensor, the iron oxide mapping is restricted to the wider portions of the streams. Spectral analyses confirm the presence of hematite and goethite in stream sediments. This is in accordance with measured pH values.     

LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating of tuffites in the Sachakou Pb-Zn mining area,Karakorum,Xinjiang and its establishment of Early Triassic strata

<正>1. Objective In the past decade, a group of medium to giant lead-zinc deposits, represented by Huoshaoyun, Sachakou, and Yuanbaoling, have been discovered in the Aksai Chin region of Karakoram, Xinjiang. They are all located in the Mesozoic carbonate and clastic rock formations. The Sachakou leadzinc mining area is adjacent to the northwest of the Huoshaoyun lead-zinc mining area and is in the same stratigraphic layer as Huoshaoyun.     

Chinese Science Bulletin

Chinese Science Bulletin reports on the innovative achievements in all subject areas in science.It is a place for the high- level exchange between scientists from both China and abroad. Chinese Science Bulletin is indexed by SCI,CA,etc. Chinese Science Bulletin print version is distributed globally.Its electronic version is available at www.springerlink.com The editor-in-chief and the executive editors form the core of leadership of Chinese Science Bulletin.The review process, with fairness as one of its priorities,is organized by the editor-in-chief and the executive editors with the assistance of the associate editors. Chinese Science Bulletin features articles,reviews and news and views. Chinese Science Bulletin is a semimonthly,24 issues a year,publishing more than 500 articles.     

Chinese Science Bulletin

Chinese Science Bulletin reports on the innovative achievements in all subject areas in science. It is a place for the high-level exchange between scientists from both China and abroad. Chinese Science Bulletin is indexed by SCI, CA, etc. Chinese Science Bulletin print version is distributed globally. Its electronic version is available at www.springerlink.com The editor-in-chief and the executive editors form the core of leadership of Chinese Science Bulletin. The review process, with fairness as one of its priorities, is organized by the editor-in-chief and the executive editors with the assistance of the associate editors. Chinese Science Bulletin features articles, reviews and news and views. Chinese Science Bulletin is a semimonthly, 24 issues a year, publishing more than 500 articles.     

Production Characteristics and the Control Factors of Surface Wells for Relieved Methane Drainage in the Huainan Mining Area

Based on the production data of a large number of surface drainage wells in the Huainan mining area, the present study shows that four types of typical production characteristics for relieved methane wells are recognized, of which the stable type for production and gas concentration is the most dominate, as determined by a comprehensive study on the volume and concentration of drained gases, as well as the stress changes of rocks influenced by mining. Some influence factors for the productive differences of the drainage wells were also been discussed. The results indicate that protective coal-seam mining has a significant effect on overlying strata, which promotes the development of pores and fractures of coal reservoirs for methane desorption and migration; however, the production and the stability of drainage wells are affected by deformation and damage of the overlying strata. The second distribution of strata stress is caused by mining engineering, and if the stress load is larger than the carrying capacity of the extraction well, the gas production would be influenced by the drainage well that has been damaged by rock movement. Furthermore, the case damage occurs first in the weak, lithologic interface by its special mechanical properties. The stability of drainage wells and the production status are also influenced by the different drilling techniques, uneven distribution of gas concentration, and combination of gob gas and methane from the protected layer.     

Application of remote sensing in monitoring environmental change in ore area―Take Panzhihua V-Ti magnetite as an example

Remote sensing is an effective method to monitor environmental change. To study the influence of mining and mine dump on the environment of mine, remote sensing is used to monitor the change of land use and vegetation in the ore area, and to forecast the …     

The Status Quo and Outlook of Chinese Coal Geology and Exploration Technologies

Coal is China＇s dominant energy resource. Coal geological exploration is the basis of sustainable development of coal industry. Since the late 1990s, the advances in Chinese coal geology and exploration techniques have been shown in the following aspects. （1） The basic research of coal geology has changed from traditional geological studies to earth system science; （2） Breakthroughs have been achieved in integrated exploration techniques for coal resources; （3） Evaluation of coal and coalbed methane resources provides important basis for macropolicy making for China＇s coal industry and construction of large coal bases; （4） Significant advances have been made in using information technology in coal geological exploration and 3S （GPS, GIS, RS） technology. For the present and a period of time in the future, major tasks of Chinese coal geological technology are as follows： （1） solving resources replacement problem in eastern China and geological problems of deep mining; （2） solving problem of integrated coal exploration of complex regions in energy bases of central China, and resources problems induced by coal exploitation; （3） making efforts to enhance the level of geological research and resources evaluation of coal-accumulation basins in western China; （4） strengthening geological research of clean coal technologies; （5） strengthening geological research of the problems in modern coal mining and safe production; （6） promoting information technology in coal resources and major geological investigations.     

Chinese Science Bulletin

Chinese Science Bulletin reports on the innovative achievements in all subject areas in science.It is a place for the high- level exchange between scientists from both China and abroad. Chinese Science Bulletin is indexed by SCI,CA,etc. Chinese Science Bulletin print version is distributed globally.Its electronic version is available at www.springerlink.com The editor-in-chief and the executive editors form the core of leadership of Chinese Science Bulletin.The review process, with fairness as one of its priorities,is organized by the editor-in-chief and the executive editors with the assistance of the associate editors.     

Chinese Science Bulletin

Chinese Science Bulletin reports on the innovative achievements in all subject areas in science.It is a place for the high- level exchange between scientists from both China and abroad. Chinese Science Bulletin is indexed by SCI,CA,etc. Chinese Science Bulletin print version is distributed globally.Its electronic version is available at www.springerlink.com The editor-in-chief and the executive editors form the core of leadership of Chinese Science Bulletin.The review process with fairness as one of its priorities,is organized by the editor-in-chief and the executive editors with the assistance of     

Two Kinds of Nontraditional Mining Technology

INTRODUCTIONWith the rapid progress of national economy and the im-plementation of the sustainable development,more and moreattention is paid to biological environment protection duringexploration of underground resources in China.Some tradi-tional mining systems do not conform to new standard of bio-logical environment protection.Therefore,new mining tech-nology should be created.In exploration of mineral resourceswe must carry out the strategy of sustainable development.The drilling hy…     

Metallogenic Characteristics of the Major Type Deposits in Southeast Asia

<正>1 Introduction The Southeast Asia is endowed with a diversity of mineral resources(Khin Zaw et al.,2014).Tin,copper,nickel,bauxite,chromium and potash resources are widely distributed in the Southeast Asia,show considerable economic significance,have obvious complementarity to China,and is paid wide attention by Chinese geologists and mining industry in recent years.     

MICROSCOPICAL STUDY OF THE SHUIKOUSHAN LEAD-ZINC DEPOSIT IN CHANGNING DISTRICT, S. HUNAN

INTRODUCTION Shuikoushan is the most important and well known mining district for production of silver, lead, zinc and pyrite in China. It is situated at about 65 li N. E. of Changning, 90 li S. of Hengyang and 620 li from Changsha, the Capital of Hunan.     

Environmental behaviors of mercury and lead in the soil of polymetallic deposit areas in western Hunan Province

Western Hunan Province is one of the most typical assembling areas of cryogenic metallic deposit in China, as well as a main ore-forming zone for some heavy metals. In the region, Hg and Pb pollution was caused by abnormally high concentrations of Hg, Pb in the natural environment and Hg, Pb exploiting/smelting and other human activities, which make the damage to human health more complicated. Generally, heavy metal pollutants in soil are often long-lasting and consequent, with their emission and/or transport into the environment, resulting in growing hazards to human health posed by elevated heavy metal concentrations in air, water, and food. Therefore, monitoring and understanding their behaviors in soil environment is the most important and urgent task. In this paper, the environmental behaviors and pollution characteristics of soil polluted by Hg and Pb in typical Hg and Pb mining areas in western Hunan were studied. Main results are presented as follows： （1） Western Hunan Province is a high regional geochemical abnormal region on Hg and Pb. The concentrations of Hg and Pb in soils in mercury mining areas were 1 315 and 3. l times higher than the average background of soils in China, respectively. While those in soils in lead mining areas are 14.1 and 6.1 times higher. By using the index of geoaccumulation （Igeo）, it was found that either mercury mining area or lead mining area in western Hunan Province has been polluted by the two elements, the majority of soils in mercury mining areas are seriously polluted by Hg, moderately or light polluted by Pb, while the majority of soils in lead mining areas are moderately or moderately-highly polluted by Pb and moderately-highly polluted by Hg. （2） By the BCR extraction procedures, both Hg and Pb in soils are dominated by residual form, followed by organic-sulfide form. Fe-Mn oxides and acid-exchangeable form are rather low. The total concentrations and each species of Hg and Pb in soils show positive correlations with the concentrations of sands, and negative ones with the concentrations of clays in soils.