藏东巴青县北部酉西岩组构造片理形成及构造意义

西藏巴青县以北酉西岩组主要由石英构造片岩、钠长石英构造片岩、白云母石英构造片岩组成,构造片理为近水平韧性剪切作用产物。宏观上构造片理构成了宽缓的背形、向形褶皱构造,构造片理上广布一期透入性拉伸线理,将构造片理展平,分布在透入性片理上的线理具明显优选方位,方向为280~100°。根据微观构造分析,韧性剪切指向为自西向东运动,构造片岩内发育多硅白云母。多硅白云母电子探针分析结果认为其形成环境为低温高压蓝片岩相,变质温度确定为320~500℃、压力0·6~1·1GPa。多硅白云母40Ar/39Ar测年结果为(230±1)Ma,为中三叠世末期。酉西岩组构造片理(韧性剪切作用)与查吾拉—吉塘印支期构造岩浆带形成密切相关。     

古元古代拉伸构造模式──以胶北、辽东和吉南地区为例

对胶北．辽东和吉南地区古元古代层状岩系第一系构造变形作的详细研究和综合分析，并以此为典型实例，提出了古元古代拉伸构造模式，即隆起一顺层分层滑脱构造模式。该模式由核部隆起和上部盖居及两者之间的拆离型韧性剪切带三部分组成。核部隆起常由岩浆隆起或基底隆起构成，上部盖层内发育有顺层分层滑脱构造体系，由底部主滑脱面和内部次级滑脱面、低级滑脱面及其间的流褶居和片理化带构成，靠近核部隆起的盖居表现为正向滑脱，而滑脱前缘则表现为反向滑脱，具有滑覆特征。该模式一般发生在大规模收缩造山作用之前，由于区域拉伸作用，导致壳下地任上隆，形成岩桨隆起或基底隆起，使上覆盖层岩系重力失稳，发生滑脱，内部横向构造置换强烈，形成透入性片理，且平行区域地层层理     

北京西山水平分层剪切流变构造初探

对比国内外关于变质岩区构造变形序列的实例,可知第一世代的构造变形几乎都以发育不同尺度的强烈扁平化平卧褶皱和有关的轴面流劈理或片理,以及近水平的韧性剪切带等构造组合为特征。北京西山的情况也不例外。这可能代表变质岩区早期构造变形的一种普遍模式,可能是地壳较深构造层次发生大规模透入性水平剪切流变的反映     

闽西南安砂水库南岸上古生界的多期褶皱特征及其意义

闽西南安砂水库库区省道307的新路段清晰出露了上、下古生界,为研究闽西南地区中生代变形构造提供了良好条件.野外构造观测和构造复原表明上古生界发育3期褶皱:第一期呈NE向展布,两翼相对紧闭,发育特征的轴面片理;第二期呈NW向展布,相对宽缓,发育NW走向的透入性皱纹面理;第三期为近平行第一期褶皱的宽缓褶皱,尺度最大,伴有局...     

西准噶尔克拉玛依后山地区不同方向劈理特征及其动力学背景

劈理构造是一定应力场中形成的具有透入性的面状构造, 一般代表变形过程中的最大压扁面.通过了解某一区域的劈理特征和发育序次, 能对该区域的构造变形序次和大地构造演化研究有一定的指示意义.在准噶尔盆地西北缘扎伊尔山石炭纪地层中发育多组透入性的劈理构造, 通过实地对研究区内劈理系统性地观察, 理出了3类劈理: (1)早期与蛇绿混杂岩构造就位相关的劈理; (2)晚期顺达尔布特断裂和哈图断裂发育的断裂劈理以及(3)方位十分稳定, 与层理发生不同程度置换, 构成不同大小的夹角, 代表近南北向区域性挤压运动的近EW向劈理.早期劈理产生于晚石炭世早晚之交, 与研究区内蛇绿混杂岩系在晚石炭世陆块斜向汇拢洋盆汇聚闭合、蛇绿混杂岩陆续构造就位于上覆相对较新的地层系统有关; 大型断裂劈理与区域内二叠-三叠纪大规模的北东-南西向断裂左旋走滑有关; 东西向劈理切过305±15 Ma的花岗斑岩脉, 而未影响到不整合于石炭系地层之上的中生代地层(最老为晚三叠世), 结合区域构造背景确定其形成时限为二叠纪末-早中三叠世, 与第2类劈理近于准同时, 可能与西伯利亚板块向南推挤导致的近南北向陆内挤压有关.      

吉南早元古代集安群构造解析

早元古代集安群经历了三期构造变形，分别形成了三个特征各异的构造形迹组合。Ⅰ世代为层理褶皱组合，由平卧褶皱、轴面片理和韧性剪切变形带组成；Ⅱ和Ⅲ世代为片理褶皱组合，分别由各种位态的片理褶皱和轴面褶劈理、膝折面理组成；Ⅰ、Ⅱ世代的原始构造线方位均为近南北向，为近共轴叠加，但因Ⅲ世代构造的强烈改造，现今多变位为东西向。Ⅰ世代构造形迹组合的特征显示集安群的早期构造环境具有构造层次较深、以近水平韧性剪切变形作用为主导的特点。     

吉林临江地区早元古代老岭群叠加变形作用研究

早元古代老岭群经历了三期构造变形，分别形成了三个特征各异的构造形迹组合。Ⅰ世代为层理榴皱组合，由斜卧诏皱、轴面片理和韧性剪切变形带组成；Ⅱ和Ⅲ世代为片理相皱组合，分别由各种位态的片理诏皱和轴面招劈理、膝折面理组合。Ⅰ、Ⅱ世代的原始构造线方位均为近南北向，为近共轴叠加，但固Ⅲ世代构造的改造，现今多变位为北东东向。Ⅰ世代构造形迹组合的特征显示老岭群的早期构造环境具有构造层次较深、以近水平韧性剪切变形作用为主导的特点。     

新疆于田塔木其铜锌矿构造控矿规律探讨

新疆于田塔木其铜锌矿是西昆仑造山带内众多与火山作用有关的热水喷流沉积块状硫化物矿床之一,但该矿的空间位态与典型层控矿床不一致。研究区经历的主要构造运动期次可分为3期,S2期构造运动对现今岩石及矿体的空间分布状态起决定性作用。野外及镜下详细观察表明,S2期构造变形为强压应力兼具一定剪切性质的脆韧性变形,对研究区内原始层理及矿体进行了构造置换。S2期构造透镜体长轴及劈理产状统计表明,构造透镜体空间展布状态小受S2期劈理控制,透镜体最大压扁面平行于S2期劈理面分布,研究区在S2期遭受了强烈的南北挤压应力。通过对小型褶皱、透镜体的观测及劈理的统计,结合构造剖面的测制,推测矿体上一级构造样式为大型无根褶皱,矿体本身为加厚的Z型次级褶皱形成的透镜体,矿体所处部位可能为无根褶皱的背形南翼或向形北翼。S3期节理产状要素统计表明,在S3期研究区发生了南北挤压应力作用下的脆性破裂,这些破裂对矿体的分布有一定影响。     

试论造山带构造地层体的类型及特点--以金沙江造山带为例

根据造山带的地层和构造特点，以构造地层学的观点将造山带地层分为三类：（1）构造混杂型，是由混杂岩组成的混杂堆积，构造作用强烈，原始地层层序无法恢复；（2）构造置换型，地层遭受强烈的褶皱和剪切作用，发生构造置换，原始层序和层理保存不完整；（3）构造岩片型，因逆中推覆作用而将地层分割成许多岩片，岩片内地层相对独立。     

柴北缘锡铁山地区滩间山群构造变形分析

初步构造变形分析表明 ,柴北缘锡铁山地区的早古生代变质火山岩系 -滩间山群在加里东期碰撞造山过程中经历了两期构造变形 :第一期为垂直造山带的挤压缩短变形 ,形成一系列紧闭褶皱、区域片理和大型韧性剪切带 ;第二期为平行造山带的挤压缩短变形 ,形成区域透入性共轭破劈理或膝折带。这两期变形是柴北缘加里东期碰撞造山带的斜向碰撞造山过程中不同阶段变形特征的体现。这种构造型式可能对于认识斜向碰撞造山带的构造动力学的转换过程具有重要意义。     

Heterogeneous strain of a phyllite as revealed by porphyroblast-matrix relationships

Garnet porphyroblasts in a homogeneous phyllite specimen from the central Norwegian Caledonides provide insight into the distribution and type of strain which followed the garnet growth. Matrix schistosity is traceable through the porphyroblasts in the form of inclusions which allow the measurement of two parameters: the flattening of the matrix schistosity around the porphyroblasts, and an angle of rotation of the porphyroblasts relative to the matrix schistosity. Both parameters vary considerably as studied in a large thin section cut parallel to mineral lineation and perpendicular to schistosity. Accepting some simplifications and assumptions, it seems necessary to consider the strain as composed of two components: a noncoaxial strain component of a simple-shear type, and an approximately coaxial strain component, both of which are heterogeneously developed on the scale of the thin section. The shear planes of the simple-shear-type strain are likely to lie parallel, or at a very small angle, to the matrix schistosity. The linear fabric of the phyllite seems to be a material expression of the coaxial strain component. The λ₁λ₂ plane of the finite strain ellipsoid most probably varies in orientation across the thin section and is only, by coincidence, parallel to the almost constantly oriented matrix schistosity.     

Development of schistosity by dissolution–crystallization in a Californian serpentinite gouge

To understand the behaviour and deformation mechanisms of serpentinites in the seismogenic zone we study the deformation macro- and microstructures of serpentinites along the Santa Ynez Fault in the San Andreas System. At the outcrop scale, deformation is localized in a gouge zone that shows three different structures: (1) micrometric undeformed fragments (clasts) of the previously serpentinized peridotite, (2) localized shear planes (Y and R) and (3) a penetrative schistosity (S). Observations under SEM and TEM reveal that the schistosity corresponds to serpentine fibres, parallel to each other, and whose orientation varies as they wrap around clasts. TEM micro-textures indicate that these long fibres result from continuous syntectonic growth rather than from reorientation of pre-existing fibres implying a slow transfer process that occurs at short distances. We propose a dissolution–diffusion–crystallization process for the formation of the schistosity that corresponds to a low strain-rate creeping process of deformation that can be effective in aseismic fault segments.     

Structural pattern in the Precambrian rocks of Sonua-Lotapahar region,North Singhbhum,eastern India

In the western part of the North Singhbhum fold belt near Lotapahar and Sonua the remobilized basement block of Chakradharpur Gneiss is overlain by a metasedimentary assemblage consisting of quartz arenite, conglomerate, slate-phyllite, greywacke with volcanogenic material, volcaniclastic rocks and chert. The rock assemblage suggests an association of volcanism, turbidite deposition and debris flow in the basin. The grade of metamorphism is very low, the common metamorphic minerals being muscovite, chlorite, biotite and stilpnomelane. Three phases of deformation have affected the rocks. The principal D1 structure is a penetrative planar fabric, parallel to or at low angle to bedding. No D1 major fold is observed and the regional importance of this deformation is uncertain. The D2 deformation has given rise to a number of northerly plunging major folds on E-W axial planes. These have nearly reclined geometry and theL ₂lineation is mostly downdip on theS ₂surface, though some variation in pitch is observed. The morphology of D2 planar fabric varies from slaty cleavage/schistosity to crenulation cleavage and solution cleavage. D3 deformation is weak and has given rise to puckers and broad warps on schistosity and bedding. The D2 major folds south of Lotapahar are second order folds in the core of the Ongarbira syncline whose easterly closure is exposed east of the mapped area. Photogeological study suggests that the easterly and westerly closing folds together form a large synclinal sheath fold. There is a continuity of structures from north to south and no mylonite belt is present, though there is attenuation and disruption along the fold limbs. Therefore, the Singhbhum shear zone cannot be extended westwards in the present area. There is no evidence that in this area a discontinuity surface separates two orogenic belts of Archaean and Proterozoic age.     

新疆东天山觉罗塔格韧性挤压带基本特征及动力学意义

新疆觉罗塔格韧性挤压带发育于吐哈地块和中天山地块之间石炭系东西向火山-沉积建造中,由一组走向东西、产状陡立的透入性片理组成。眼球状结构、平行带状结构和菱形网状结构是韧性挤压带不同构造区亚带的排布格式,它们相对变形带主界面而言具有很好的对称性。片理构造、拉伸线理构造、同生褶皱构造、布丁构造、压力影构造、碎斑构造、粒内面理构造、位错构造和矿物光轴优选定向等韧性构造形迹发育,这些不同尺度的韧性变形构造形迹的组构都具以片理面为对称面而呈现出对称的特征。韧性挤压带横分为3个亚带,3个亚带岩石形变相变和应力应变等方面都呈横向对称状分布。“奶油饼”结构是韧性挤压带的应变结构。该韧性挤压带成因于南北两侧吐哈地块和中天山地块的南北向水平共轴挤压作用,形成于255Ma至280Ma(早二叠世),压扁机制是该韧性变形带的变形机制,它的力学性质表明该韧性变形带不应属于南北两大板块之间的俯冲-剪切带,其成因可能与板块孤后盆地的对称开合有关。     

Influence of differential basement mobility on contrasting structural styles in the cover rocks: An example from Early Precambrian rocks east of Udaipur,Rajasthan

Detailed structural and lithological mapping of the Aravalli rocks overlying the Mewar Gneiss in the area east of Udaipur, Rajasthan, suggests presence of blocks bounded by faults, showing a contrasting structural pattern. The contrast is reflected in the differential development and in the orientation of AF1, AF2 and AF4 folds in different blocks. In the central Umra block, the rocks constitute a virtually homoclinal sequence showing one dominant orientation of bedding and axial planar schistosity. Fold axes, lineations andβ orientations indicate presence of reclined folds of AF1 generation. AF2 folds are either absent or have developed only locally. The two other blocks which border the Umra block show development of large AF2 synforms and local minor antiforms having N-S or NNE-SSW trend. The folds interfere with AF4 folds producing irregular domes and basins in the western Kanpur-Kalarwas Block and minor plunge reversals in Bagdara-Dhamdhar Block. It is argued that the constituents of the different blocks which formed a collage of rift basins and horsts during sedimentation, responded differentially to deforming forces because of differential mobility of the underlying basement.     

带结构面围岩山岩压力计算探讨

岩体内存在着节理、断层、软弱夹层、岩层层面、片理、片麻理等各种结构面,结构面的不同组合,形成了形状不一、规模不等的各种结构体。给出了两组同倾向结构面、多组同倾向结构面、两组反倾向结构面,在不同倾角组合、不同计算条件下山岩压力的计算模式,并进行了比较分析,得出了有益的结论。     

鲁西地区韧性剪切带岩石磁组构分析及其构造意义

岩石磁组构分析可用来研究岩石的组构特征及构造变形。鲁西地区韧性剪切带岩石磁组构具有磁各异性度Ｐ和磁百分率各向异性值Ｈ高、磁化率量值椭球呈压扁状、磁面理发育而磁线理不发育的特点。区内韧性剪切带变形强烈,以压扁作用为主,最大主压应力方向近ＮＥ和Ｓ－Ｎ向,以右旋运动为主。韧性剪切带形成以后,区内主要经历了热蚀变和脆性变形,韧性变形很弱     

武当群片岩变形参数各向异性特征及机制研究

片岩因受片理面影响,其变形行为和破坏机制与一般岩体存在明显差异。为此,采用室内单轴压缩试验,研究了十堰-房县高速通省隧道武当群片岩在片理面倾角分别为0°、45°、90°时的变形参数各向异性特征及破坏机制。结果表明:片岩变形参数及破坏模式具有显著的各向异性特征。按照弹性模量E由大到小的顺序,试样的片理面倾角依次为:90°、0°、45°;按照泊松比v由大到小的顺序,试样的片理面倾角依次为:45°、0°、90°。片理面倾角为0°时试样以垂直片理面方向的压断破坏为主,45°时试样以沿片理面方向的纯剪切破坏为主,90°时以劈裂破坏为主。在此基础上,通过电镜扫描、FLAC3D数值试验结果等,分析了片岩变形破坏各向异性的机制,认为主要原因是片理面空间方位与轴向力方向不同的组合,导致软弱结构面——片理面对片岩变形的贡献差异明显。